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class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Aggregation.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Aggregation"><!---->Aggregation<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Mathematical.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Mathematical"><!---->Mathematical<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Comparison.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Comparison"><!---->Comparison<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Logical.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Logical"><!---->Logical<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Conversion.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Conversion"><!---->Conversion<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Constant.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Constant"><!---->Constant<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Selection.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Selection"><!---->Selection<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Continuous-Interval.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Continuous Interval"><!---->Continuous Interval<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a aria-current="page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Variation-Trend.html" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link active sidebar-link sidebar-page active" aria-label="Variation Trend"><!---->Variation Trend<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a aria-current="page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Variation-Trend.html#example" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active nav-link sidebar-link heading" aria-label="Example"><!---->Example<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul></li></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Sample.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Sample"><!---->Sample<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Time-Series.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Time-Series"><!---->Time-Series<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Lambda.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Lambda"><!---->Lambda<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Data-Profiling.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Data Profiling"><!---->Data Profiling<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Anomaly-Detection.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Anomaly Detection"><!---->Anomaly Detection<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Data-Matching.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Data Matching"><!---->Data Matching<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Frequency-Domain.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Frequency Domain"><!---->Frequency Domain<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Data-Quality.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Data Quality"><!---->Data Quality<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Data-Repairing.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Data Repairing"><!---->Data Repairing<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Series-Discovery.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Series Discovery"><!---->Series Discovery<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li><li><!--[--><a href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Machine-Learning.html" class="nav-link sidebar-link sidebar-page" aria-label="Machine Learning"><!---->Machine Learning<!----></a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"></ul><!--]--></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">Trigger</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">Monitor and Alert</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">Administration Management</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">Maintenance Tools</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">Collaboration of Edge and Cloud</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">Ecosystem Integration</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">Cluster</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">FAQ</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group"><button class="sidebar-heading clickable"><!----><span class="title">Reference</span><span class="arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li></ul><!--[--><!----><!--]--></aside><!--[--><main class="page" id="main-content"><!--[--><!----><nav class="breadcrumb disable"></nav><div class="page-title"><h1><!---->Variation Trend Calculation Functions</h1><div class="page-info"><!----><!----><!----><!----><span class="page-reading-time-info" aria-label="Reading Time"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon timer-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="timer icon"><path d="M799.387 122.15c4.402-2.978 7.38-7.897 7.38-13.463v-1.165c0-8.933-7.38-16.312-16.312-16.312H256.33c-8.933 0-16.311 7.38-16.311 16.312v1.165c0 5.825 2.977 10.874 7.637 13.592 4.143 194.44 97.22 354.963 220.201 392.763-122.204 37.542-214.893 196.511-220.2 389.397-4.661 5.049-7.638 11.651-7.638 19.03v5.825h566.49v-5.825c0-7.379-2.849-13.981-7.509-18.9-5.049-193.016-97.867-351.985-220.2-389.527 123.24-37.67 216.446-198.453 220.588-392.892zM531.16 450.445v352.632c117.674 1.553 211.787 40.778 211.787 88.676H304.097c0-48.286 95.149-87.382 213.728-88.676V450.445c-93.077-3.107-167.901-81.297-167.901-177.093 0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.793-15.793 8.803 0 15.794 6.99 15.794 15.793 0 80.261 63.69 145.635 142.01 145.635s142.011-65.374 142.011-145.635c0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.794-15.793s15.793 6.99 15.793 15.793c0 95.019-73.789 172.82-165.96 177.093z"></path></svg><span>About 3 min</span><meta property="timeRequired" content="PT3M"></span><!----><!----></div><hr></div><div class="toc-place-holder"><aside id="toc"><!--[--><!----><!--]--><div class="toc-header">On This Page<button class="print-button" title="Print"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon print-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="print icon"><path d="M819.2 364.8h-44.8V128c0-17.067-14.933-32-32-32H281.6c-17.067 0-32 14.933-32 32v236.8h-44.8C145.067 364.8 96 413.867 96 473.6v192c0 59.733 49.067 108.8 108.8 108.8h44.8V896c0 17.067 14.933 32 32 32h460.8c17.067 0 32-14.933 32-32V774.4h44.8c59.733 0 108.8-49.067 108.8-108.8v-192c0-59.733-49.067-108.8-108.8-108.8zM313.6 160h396.8v204.8H313.6V160zm396.8 704H313.6V620.8h396.8V864zM864 665.6c0 25.6-19.2 44.8-44.8 44.8h-44.8V588.8c0-17.067-14.933-32-32-32H281.6c-17.067 0-32 14.933-32 32v121.6h-44.8c-25.6 0-44.8-19.2-44.8-44.8v-192c0-25.6 19.2-44.8 44.8-44.8h614.4c25.6 0 44.8 19.2 44.8 44.8v192z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="toc-wrapper"><ul class="toc-list"><!--[--><li class="toc-item"><a aria-current="page" href="/UserGuide/V1.1.x/Operators-Functions/Variation-Trend.html#example" class="router-link-active router-link-exact-active toc-link level3">Example</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></div><!--[--><!----><!--]--></aside></div><!----><div class="theme-hope-content"><!-- |
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| --><h1 id="variation-trend-calculation-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#variation-trend-calculation-functions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Variation Trend Calculation Functions</h1><p>Currently, IoTDB supports the following variation trend calculation functions:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Function Name</th><th>Allowed Input Series Data Types</th><th>Output Series Data Type</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>TIME_DIFFERENCE</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE / BOOLEAN / TEXT</td><td>INT64</td><td>Calculates the difference between the time stamp of a data point and the time stamp of the previous data point. There is no corresponding output for the first data point.</td></tr><tr><td>DIFFERENCE</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE</td><td>Same type as the input series</td><td>Calculates the difference between the value of a data point and the value of the previous data point. There is no corresponding output for the first data point.</td></tr><tr><td>NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE</td><td>Same type as the input series</td><td>Calculates the absolute value of the difference between the value of a data point and the value of the previous data point. There is no corresponding output for the first data point.</td></tr><tr><td>DERIVATIVE</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE</td><td>DOUBLE</td><td>Calculates the rate of change of a data point compared to the previous data point, the result is equals to DIFFERENCE / TIME_DIFFERENCE. There is no corresponding output for the first data point.</td></tr><tr><td>NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE</td><td>DOUBLE</td><td>Calculates the absolute value of the rate of change of a data point compared to the previous data point, the result is equals to NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE / TIME_DIFFERENCE. There is no corresponding output for the first data point.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Example:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> time_difference<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> difference<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> non_negative_difference<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> derivative<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> non_negative_derivative<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 <span class="token keyword">limit</span> <span class="token number">5</span> <span class="token keyword">offset</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Result:</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |
| | Time| root.sg1.d1.s1|time_difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|non_negative_difference(root.sg1.d1.s1)|derivative(root.sg1.d1.s1)|non_negative_derivative(root.sg1.d1.s1)| |
| +-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |
| |2020-12-10T17:11:49.037+08:00|7360723084922759782| 1| -8431715764844238876| 8431715764844238876| -8.4317157648442388E18| 8.4317157648442388E18| |
| |2020-12-10T17:11:49.038+08:00|4377791063319964531| 1| -2982932021602795251| 2982932021602795251| -2.982932021602795E18| 2.982932021602795E18| |
| |2020-12-10T17:11:49.039+08:00|7972485567734642915| 1| 3594694504414678384| 3594694504414678384| 3.5946945044146785E18| 3.5946945044146785E18| |
| |2020-12-10T17:11:49.040+08:00|2508858212791964081| 1| -5463627354942678834| 5463627354942678834| -5.463627354942679E18| 5.463627354942679E18| |
| |2020-12-10T17:11:49.041+08:00|2817297431185141819| 1| 308439218393177738| 308439218393177738| 3.0843921839317773E17| 3.0843921839317773E17| |
| +-----------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------+ |
| Total line number = 5 |
| It costs 0.014s |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><table><thead><tr><th>Function Name</th><th>Allowed Input Series Data Types</th><th>Attributes</th><th>Output Series Data Type</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>DIFF</td><td>INT32 / INT64 / FLOAT / DOUBLE</td><td><code>ignoreNull</code>:optional,default is true. If is true, the previous data point is ignored when it is null and continues to find the first non-null value forwardly. If the value is false, previous data point is not ignored when it is null, the result is also null because null is used for subtraction</td><td>DOUBLE</td><td>Calculates the difference between the value of a data point and the value of the previous data point. There is no corresponding output for the first data point, so output is null</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="example" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#example" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Example</h3><h4 id="rawdata" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#rawdata" aria-hidden="true">#</a> RawData</h4><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-----------------------------+------------+------------+ |
| | Time|root.test.s1|root.test.s2| |
| +-----------------------------+------------+------------+ |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00| 1| 1.0| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00| 2| null| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00| null| 3.0| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00| 4| null| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.005+08:00| 5| 5.0| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.006+08:00| null| 6.0| |
| +-----------------------------+------------+------------+ |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="not-use-ignorenull-attribute-ignore-null" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#not-use-ignorenull-attribute-ignore-null" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Not use <code>ignoreNull</code> attribute (Ignore Null)</h4><p>SQL:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> DIFF<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> DIFF<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>test<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Result:</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+ |
| | Time|DIFF(root.test.s1)|DIFF(root.test.s2)| |
| +-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+ |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00| null| null| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00| 1.0| null| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00| null| 2.0| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00| 2.0| null| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.005+08:00| 1.0| 2.0| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.006+08:00| null| 1.0| |
| +-----------------------------+------------------+------------------+ |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="use-ignorenull-attribute" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#use-ignorenull-attribute" aria-hidden="true">#</a> Use <code>ignoreNull</code> attribute</h4><p>SQL:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-ext="sql"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> DIFF<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'ignoreNull'</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'false'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> DIFF<span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'ignoreNull'</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'false'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>test<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Result:</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-ext="text"><pre class="language-text"><code>+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+ |
| | Time|DIFF(root.test.s1, "ignoreNull"="false")|DIFF(root.test.s2, "ignoreNull"="false")| |
| +-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+ |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00| null| null| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00| 1.0| null| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00| null| null| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00| null| null| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.005+08:00| 1.0| null| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.006+08:00| null| 1.0| |
| +-----------------------------+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+ |
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