| <!DOCTYPE html> |
| <html lang="en-US"> |
| <head> |
| <meta charset="utf-8"> |
| <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> |
| <title> </title> |
| <meta name="generator" content="VuePress 1.5.2"> |
| <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"> |
| <meta name="description" content=" "> |
| <meta name="Description" content="Apache IoTDB: Time Series Database for IoT"> |
| <meta name="Keywords" content="TSDB, time series, time series database, IoTDB, IoT database, IoT data management,时序数据库, 时间序列管理, IoTDB, 物联网数据库, 实时数据库, 物联网数据管理, 物联网数据"> |
| <meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="wfKETzB3OT"> |
| <meta name="google-site-verification" content="mZWAoRY0yj_HAr-s47zHCGHzx5Ju-RVm5wDbPnwQYFo"> |
| <link rel="preload" href="/assets/css/0.styles.f50ebe60.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/app.337fc07c.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/3.1dc302ea.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/89.8ad1990c.js" as="script"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/10.df7ec35f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/100.80a174e3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/101.5aadfef2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/102.8ed5c0a4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/103.1b385e95.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/104.ed9307ef.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/105.5e01984a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/106.58cc0673.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/107.df09e45f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/108.2c4a402a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/109.f6997883.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/11.fdd2791a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/110.58434ee6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/111.86070b0c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/112.f9042bd2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/113.17ae4d9b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/114.f279a46a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/115.72f9ece7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/116.84a434d5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/117.7d0745c9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/118.9b33b42b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/119.168046be.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/12.53a797d3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/120.5ef9004d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/121.7c0d2fe1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/122.4e00367b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/123.361f6954.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/124.887b3b34.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/125.afa57b8e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/126.45cce088.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/127.87f2e3cf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/128.58fe9330.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/129.998b2f36.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/13.3d6a50ea.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/130.9ce2147d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/131.49d5584d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/132.7fd5b823.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/133.187befa4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/134.9cc6d79b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/135.daba1269.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/136.f980d90f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/137.72d76180.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/138.f0d304a7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/139.502bc6cd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/14.f91f7aa3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/140.acded327.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/141.b1320188.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/142.6b6c7137.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/143.3c04448d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/144.57dcccea.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/145.621bf494.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/146.57748f62.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/147.b9a52a5e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/148.82e8f46a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/149.562dd54b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/15.35ce02ea.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/150.f5375e35.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/151.e37ea908.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/152.f8ceca13.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/153.ea15df12.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/154.60439686.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/155.f69d981a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/156.5f3037af.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/157.db92597c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/158.63464c71.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/159.49f53220.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/16.83790206.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/160.839f91e5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/161.83dd9554.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/162.a97f203c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/163.ffa0f4b7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/164.0c1bc502.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/165.6b618aaf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/166.e8e41596.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/167.b209fa7e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/168.0ab11734.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/169.45d6b045.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/17.9f561e76.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/170.12d441a3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/171.4bd59e10.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/172.3791279d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/173.84c79630.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/174.5a4b9853.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/175.f22516b8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/176.b2043a34.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/177.d5bcbf71.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/178.e0ec8976.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/179.c6d92b7e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/18.bee25d08.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/180.2d026051.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/181.2bec5ec0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/182.2db5ae56.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/183.d66dc7be.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/184.807447c9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/185.d3bba477.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/186.4894617b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/187.2b1bb010.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/188.729340b6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/189.316a4812.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/19.e1031edc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/190.1fa0ac1e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/191.e0f2dd7e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/192.1114f99e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/193.ce190ddf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/194.c6480a67.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/195.50f21d4a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/196.a9834391.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/197.1261ca51.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/198.b8af2d18.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/199.65f15129.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/20.6630eb9b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/200.bac24cbc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/201.d5fd3d51.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/202.e471741b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/203.891ef2a4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/204.923c126c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/205.dab7697a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/206.79239033.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/207.1f1a4c8f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/208.f1fcc06a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/209.970a097a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/21.6a71308e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/210.b9c35af4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/211.1db32f73.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/212.355256ad.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/213.6bd70d76.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/214.be299b84.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/215.25de9528.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/216.c938b634.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/217.3258924a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/218.fc33d79c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/219.62dcb109.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/22.ac70f818.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/220.27560614.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/221.7bbe6cce.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/222.80debc54.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/223.e2a6fcc7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/224.62b003f8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/225.ef8cc70b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/226.b6b6b553.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/227.8765c7b9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/228.2b87e199.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/229.eede162a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/23.6aeff4fd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/230.ca6c3b84.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/231.e537fe71.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/232.524cd789.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/233.611cbbb8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/234.0f5b8f11.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/235.37369cbc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/236.f2995a1b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/237.b9c427ee.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/238.4747200a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/239.9f203d6d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/24.22d894b5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/240.4b1eb0ca.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/241.6229859f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/242.6708dbc9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/243.01ded123.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/244.d7421207.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/245.cec7951e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/246.d96fff94.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/247.fedf9d88.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/248.66475f22.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/249.e9e77deb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/25.e7c8dc4c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/250.3899ae44.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/251.9a3472ca.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/252.6480d48a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/253.44d8649f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/254.8e0f65c7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/255.a83273c5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/256.0a9223ac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/257.b1bb103b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/258.b5c385f2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/259.b5569ee6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/26.84817afe.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/260.fc484fd6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/261.b7b1f7b8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/262.70ddf49d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/263.de3eeba2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/264.a98ca138.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/265.904b1ea5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/266.0dcd167c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/267.cc30c4e8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/268.9bbd2ef9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/269.3f1090bc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/27.05b9c8cb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/270.e10428aa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/271.2ca9efaf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/272.7652b316.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/273.8e62675d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/274.9f054e35.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/275.81ffed1d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/276.0542f4bf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/277.92ce41b9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/278.d6f5d869.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/279.f6bf6ad1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/28.b3df7c4f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/280.9cc3eaa5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/281.83d225ff.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/282.cf67bf32.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/283.e48d2a5e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/284.b23abe7a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/285.016e8a5e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/286.2a05be1c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/287.fadd401c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/288.3a0e3f9c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/289.5faf351e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/29.1174e4fe.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/290.462de1c5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/291.269c10b1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/292.6411cf3b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/293.55842a61.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/294.85245fbd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/295.be88fd77.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/296.9c4e0a5a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/297.cf92ce58.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/298.dd267567.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/299.63ca0b03.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/30.8899de4a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/300.96c4cc27.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/301.0c53b20e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/302.34977321.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/303.f6d97663.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/304.d3b3fc94.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/305.5e482fc5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/306.f179e975.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/307.660d6e88.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/308.75b8e2cc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/309.3c2a761f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/31.bb1c06b0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/310.467479a2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/311.bbd687c1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/312.369cece3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/313.979e09ad.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/314.08869f2e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/315.851a149e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/316.1e6ccd57.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/317.c902d261.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/318.eb704257.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/319.1e7ec2cc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/32.a771dfde.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/320.ae3e128d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/321.4f1542b6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/322.454c3ff2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/323.a6105df9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/324.12c5bc76.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/325.f08dcc15.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/326.2160bda3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/327.9f1515c7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/328.419aedff.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/329.664c31fd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/33.38edc1ca.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/330.388463f2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/331.6710c467.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/332.0f03ea44.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/333.0fae4a17.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/334.3d138bfb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/335.ae6b1cec.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/336.73f11884.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/337.86332930.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/338.98c64041.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/339.dd8b3169.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/34.09d75d60.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/340.b180ba69.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/341.3542986b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/342.b5d989b3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/343.c6cdfdcc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/344.4de4e86d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/345.27f5cc4f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/346.2eeec973.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/347.aa7191ea.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/348.3c2a0b22.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/349.b2399f7f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/35.21698584.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/350.e260fc85.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/351.e489f171.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/352.8dccb13d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/353.22482b37.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/354.142e4673.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/355.9e8ebc3b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/356.af66f85e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/357.c36c6483.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/358.df18b875.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/359.dac04f0d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/36.c880abcc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/360.7627b334.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/361.a519e5e5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/362.e86d7fca.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/363.83503271.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/364.442925f7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/365.d6b68ebe.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/366.1483ad91.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/367.d4ebe68b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/368.905cc3ba.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/369.dc47691e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/37.7b6da85a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/370.68163b32.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/371.39e82ccb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/372.f4c1669e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/373.e51fa9ac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/374.44001e70.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/375.c7614404.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/376.d906a98a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/377.1f0f43cf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/378.9d206c29.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/379.9c4a47c8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/38.7ed5f5d7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/380.dd84db42.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/381.87b64ab9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/382.7afb701c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/383.fd59d7ea.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/384.26f7327d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/385.4b339980.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/386.5a97def1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/387.b944b922.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/388.a39e2187.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/389.10ddca45.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/39.9e375df7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/390.e48e5e4d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/391.bd314b98.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/392.90b5ed43.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/393.5c87ebdd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/394.fbaf194b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/395.1c63c896.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/396.c251aa9d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/397.bf3a817c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/398.64110279.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/399.6f2f084e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/4.e19e5b65.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/40.ca86458f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/400.ec35935d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/401.beb10846.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/402.453593bb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/403.0d58fe4e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/404.64b2109b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/405.0874fac6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/406.f436ac12.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/407.d64de66d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/408.af3a53d1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/409.cc389d5e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/41.d0455f88.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/410.f638ab67.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/411.1315c95a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/412.29ece64c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/413.a70d808a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/414.2f09f452.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/415.8917ee29.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/416.479774fb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/417.20bbff69.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/418.32af9f03.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/419.7e6324a6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/42.0e0c3906.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/420.1be4dc9d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/421.c2360c3b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/422.e4dc3a56.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/423.84ea534e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/424.2ac4e591.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/425.21e72da3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/426.2ed31b74.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/427.baec8d2e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/428.1bb36e2b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/429.bbf28346.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/43.396616b8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/430.64f0289e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/431.ccb48bf7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/432.17ccb626.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/433.b4211ab1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/434.0b02c4fc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/435.61b7aea8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/436.b2032c78.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/437.f0f1b8a5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/438.8617f474.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/439.02d631c3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/44.800f57f4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/440.eee832f5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/441.2f4ef038.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/442.8ad7850e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/443.5a865822.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/444.4d4c0ea8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/445.1c2f4602.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/446.5e62a68b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/447.76ca1ab6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/448.f24b9d13.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/449.f4b46374.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/45.0f75ae04.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/450.dccf55c2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/451.fe7847bb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/452.c6d3a503.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/453.095c9eb0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/454.b72fba01.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/455.240f80b1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/456.2f2002c2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/457.e56f8377.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/458.e27b4532.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/459.c0163678.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/46.b5efd5cf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/460.f6ac49ac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/461.048cacd7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/462.4ea7333e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/463.d54b96ac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/464.1edc293a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/465.e3b97ba5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/466.4e5f5bd5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/467.2c58cef7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/468.da886384.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/469.3e99047a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/47.0aa5076d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/470.ad8436ce.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/471.8f16ef20.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/472.d62011cb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/473.4b5e56a3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/474.a3946621.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/475.c276e28f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/476.dd80ebd8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/477.9ce1dfe5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/478.49340b0c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/479.77aa27ca.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/48.b5d02afd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/480.8d22777f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/481.6402ef73.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/482.2df21d58.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/483.a410ebd1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/484.0cd4e910.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/485.c7121c30.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/486.6d7508e8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/487.d72c83bc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/488.2d50c925.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/489.2d846ec7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/49.28b4f389.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/490.457165b6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/491.60515972.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/492.5a4b007a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/493.9cbc6ade.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/494.021beed8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/495.a4fd902c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/496.8f74e7f7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/497.1122dc1f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/498.2e9dab65.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/499.297b97f9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/5.f601e2c6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/50.b46bfa37.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/500.f02e14a2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/501.ff252fac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/502.74275904.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/503.b046e6e3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/504.b2d68768.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/505.1c50da2f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/506.7680ad8b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/507.78bfce43.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/508.0474ffee.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/509.0ba4c294.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/51.b0048e3c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/510.b7eefba5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/511.9a497ad5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/512.2da3474e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/513.17cd801f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/514.b5740630.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/515.f5b05cb7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/516.5406d3c3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/517.e804f64b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/518.d2e77dfb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/519.e61fe14b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/52.2ce8a95c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/520.f11f6552.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/521.afd4626c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/522.10794d6b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/523.78bd8323.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/524.517c745e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/525.d98580e8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/526.f52a03b1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/527.8c0f243c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/528.d6400e16.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/529.834d4795.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/53.cdc67708.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/530.86be995a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/531.cb846ed9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/532.435e01e6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/533.bc3ccd7d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/534.61432931.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/535.de13ca9d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/536.82af29b4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/537.6f752734.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/538.79db0438.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/539.b182551c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/54.852a28b1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/540.1eaa9e46.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/541.d1704af4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/542.5131fefe.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/543.6495f909.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/544.a6804db5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/545.22d722fb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/546.8a7ba545.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/547.34e5b75f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/548.a4e1bf1f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/549.ba6cf74d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/55.51b50f23.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/550.99d0bed3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/551.486225fa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/552.a7698070.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/553.72442e94.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/554.9f659a95.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/555.79105f54.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/556.5ac34394.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/557.fcc4c200.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/558.cf710b40.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/559.7a67f2bf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/56.322c9d73.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/560.26973d16.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/561.963f3b87.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/562.33b31a71.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/563.9f4c8ef9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/564.0a702d86.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/565.7d175fa8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/566.8ccf09c3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/567.7e06252f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/568.43abfae1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/569.dc0ff020.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/57.a10dddfe.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/570.e604e800.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/571.504095ed.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/572.2f0039ee.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/573.ccb29fa1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/574.0fe7c1a7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/575.d0c6cfca.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/576.e9fce0dc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/577.02a46829.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/578.143a00ae.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/579.edb2ffaa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/58.83bb5108.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/580.6f91cae1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/581.684a8aa0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/582.3d7d4b7e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/583.7d19cde6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/584.39186422.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/585.04103c48.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/586.f401354d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/587.ec2d893a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/588.33e6086a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/589.ab29d7bc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/59.cc5dab60.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/590.c48fb368.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/591.4a88741c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/592.de737792.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/593.81b71bc3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/594.b26e80f0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/595.b6d821b3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/596.f23c17b8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/597.5fac2ef0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/598.7d355956.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/599.0fa92860.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/6.4e244a8f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/60.2aeb1b9a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/600.432cd735.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/601.d4f8c47d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/602.7566e271.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/603.8b533b29.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/604.02da7023.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/605.b7688154.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/606.a783ad64.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/607.885adf5d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/608.1218b0a7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/609.ed46563d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/61.82373b6d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/610.0af795fd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/611.c32d37b1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/612.0bdaf89d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/613.4b541ed7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/614.97959899.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/615.8657f346.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/616.81f0e8b7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/617.82d959b1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/618.1ea8b071.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/619.01485d51.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/62.cc94d7d9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/620.db8e8c52.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/621.70b79bad.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/622.9abcb1a4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/623.47510f2d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/624.e6c6899a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/625.4cc868f7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/626.9818e367.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/627.a717cb3a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/628.e55e5ef0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/629.bb25a00f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/63.55a86922.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/630.9f1f8a8a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/631.d9292a85.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/632.33483bac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/633.91476276.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/634.ca386797.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/635.e0bad906.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/636.5723212e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/637.ad7a47f1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/638.0badbcb7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/639.00ed3828.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/64.d79d69b2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/640.8e349672.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/641.ffd94305.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/642.d1e11915.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/643.22256630.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/644.e841cb34.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/645.ec7914c4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/646.3c629f71.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/647.666ccf21.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/648.2cddd854.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/649.8631d669.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/65.4599fb61.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/650.2b27251b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/651.51f88ef0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/652.868ca6b2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/653.ee0ef42f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/654.bc214cdb.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/655.55d5bf98.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/656.64638df0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/657.b75a5110.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/658.7cc3c9c3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/659.7b10ed7f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/66.b0fbc84a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/660.c0fe83e1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/661.db49cacc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/662.1c93ab6a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/663.681f0344.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/664.0fca92db.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/665.0e9ce9ee.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/666.e43fb19a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/667.4371aac5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/668.cf0ecfaf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/669.17320986.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/67.218fa948.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/670.7ecb813f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/671.d3e51c8b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/672.924334c3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/673.2f89b354.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/674.6f26f988.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/675.ce954c7b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/676.e99f5c84.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/677.d7889cc2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/678.9f119b1b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/679.dc7a5dca.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/68.7dacd0ee.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/680.530adc28.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/681.bc8e9268.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/682.40ce8aa9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/683.64bfc8ec.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/684.8b651561.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/685.96e6de42.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/686.b0fe3991.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/687.5b365307.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/688.c5bc7b28.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/689.2ec8da49.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/69.4de1448f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/690.e49c1267.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/691.3ce9092c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/692.bed68924.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/693.9603e9b3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/694.a41b0c48.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/695.63382ce9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/696.bc5efa8b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/697.7369845c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/698.0712b4ca.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/699.55e242d4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/7.69014dd1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/70.45b79f1a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/700.3312ea73.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/701.3dc0726e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/702.fd372e43.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/703.6caa80f2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/704.01cdc0cd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/705.ed070ee7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/706.1eb87d0b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/707.a7371487.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/708.b7c47eb3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/709.2d6363f1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/71.c28d6213.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/710.e9439439.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/711.3db9fb3b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/712.542d43c1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/713.d15626d6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/714.6e6b6201.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/715.5a06cf7c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/716.dc6d7801.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/717.a0a2f41c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/718.f6e8855c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/719.9fb91dfc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/72.ea61b044.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/720.b8f13463.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/721.cee5d60c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/722.b81bd086.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/723.93731f87.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/724.c294a163.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/725.39b333b8.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/726.8a69920e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/727.4cf26006.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/728.242d2b02.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/729.261a41d0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/73.12262b94.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/730.b47c16b7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/731.fbebd2e7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/732.58d287ca.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/733.892ccaf9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/734.1bfd435c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/735.7774817a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/736.29311598.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/737.5d9ad2f1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/738.af3b61b7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/739.d184b7ae.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/74.fcac7fce.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/740.9e0befcd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/741.fef670bd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/742.1430b6df.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/743.309aa98e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/744.323711cd.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/745.12f0f44d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/746.dee6db6a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/747.cbf0fc32.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/748.dd07df69.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/749.0db7894b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/75.8a1c6bae.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/76.d7e4aa87.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/77.21d5d1b1.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/78.7eb0f813.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/79.74cc50fc.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/8.eb286131.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/80.2f06a6ff.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/81.6d0c2b9b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/82.266a30c9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/83.d4ea3026.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/84.507ab11b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/85.bb7fcd95.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/86.e5825e50.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/87.722c8174.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/88.93862e3b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/9.c0fae04d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/90.e4db8db7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/91.e237b964.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/92.cbfb209b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/93.f4c7291e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/94.91de7a6f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/95.d6ffcb3e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/96.a3516bb0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/97.6506db61.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/98.7e7c9fc3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/99.8fff9ec9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/vendors~docsearch.3b3aacb0.js"> |
| <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/0.styles.f50ebe60.css"> |
| </head> |
| <body> |
| <div id="app" data-server-rendered="true"><div class="theme-container"><header class="navbar"><div class="sidebar-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M436 124H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12V80c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12z"></path></svg></div> <a href="/" class="home-link router-link-active"><img src="/img/logo.png" alt=" " class="logo"></a> <div class="links"><div class="search-box"><input aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" value=""> <!----></div> <nav class="nav-links can-hide"><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Document</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/Master/Get Started/QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">In progress</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/V0.10.x/Get Started/QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">V0.10.x</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/V0.9.x/0-Get Started/1-QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">V0.9.x</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/V0.8.x/0-Get Started/1-QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">V0.8.x</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/SystemDesign/Architecture/Architecture.html" class="nav-link">System design</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/Download/" class="nav-link">Download</a></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Community</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/iotdb" class="nav-link external"> |
| Wiki |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Community/Community-Project Committers.html" class="nav-link">People</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Community/Community-Powered By.html" class="nav-link">Powered By</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Community/Materials.html" class="nav-link">Resources</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Community/Feedback.html" class="nav-link">Feedback</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Development</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/VoteRelease.html" class="nav-link">How to vote</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/HowToCommit.html" class="nav-link">How to Commit</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/Committer.html" class="nav-link">Become a Committer</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/ContributeGuide.html" class="nav-link">ContributeGuide</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/format-changelist.html" class="nav-link">Changelist of TsFile</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/rpc-changelist.html" class="nav-link">Changelist of RPC</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Blog</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Blog/Index.html" class="nav-link">Overview</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Blog/Release0_93.html" class="nav-link">Some Notes on Release 0.9.3 and upcoming 0.10.0</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">ASF</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/" class="nav-link external"> |
| Foundation |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" class="nav-link external"> |
| License |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" class="nav-link external"> |
| Security |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" class="nav-link external"> |
| Sponsorship |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" class="nav-link external"> |
| Thanks |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" class="nav-link external"> |
| Current Events |
| <!----></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Languages</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/Master/Master/Comparison/TSDB-Comparison.html" aria-current="page" class="nav-link router-link-exact-active router-link-active">English</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/" class="nav-link">简体中文</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="https://github.com/apache/incubator-iotdb.git" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link"> |
| gitHub |
| <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></nav></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <aside class="sidebar"><nav class="nav-links"><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Document</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/Master/Get Started/QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">In progress</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/V0.10.x/Get Started/QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">V0.10.x</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/V0.9.x/0-Get Started/1-QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">V0.9.x</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/V0.8.x/0-Get Started/1-QuickStart.html" class="nav-link">V0.8.x</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/SystemDesign/Architecture/Architecture.html" class="nav-link">System design</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/Download/" class="nav-link">Download</a></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Community</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/iotdb" class="nav-link external"> |
| Wiki |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Community/Community-Project Committers.html" class="nav-link">People</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Community/Community-Powered By.html" class="nav-link">Powered By</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Community/Materials.html" class="nav-link">Resources</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Community/Feedback.html" class="nav-link">Feedback</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Development</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/VoteRelease.html" class="nav-link">How to vote</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/HowToCommit.html" class="nav-link">How to Commit</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/Committer.html" class="nav-link">Become a Committer</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/ContributeGuide.html" class="nav-link">ContributeGuide</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/format-changelist.html" class="nav-link">Changelist of TsFile</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Development/rpc-changelist.html" class="nav-link">Changelist of RPC</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Blog</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Blog/Index.html" class="nav-link">Overview</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/Blog/Release0_93.html" class="nav-link">Some Notes on Release 0.9.3 and upcoming 0.10.0</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">ASF</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/" class="nav-link external"> |
| Foundation |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" class="nav-link external"> |
| License |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" class="nav-link external"> |
| Security |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" class="nav-link external"> |
| Sponsorship |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" class="nav-link external"> |
| Thanks |
| <!----></a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" class="nav-link external"> |
| Current Events |
| <!----></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-title"><span class="title">Languages</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></a> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/UserGuide/Master/Master/Comparison/TSDB-Comparison.html" aria-current="page" class="nav-link router-link-exact-active router-link-active">English</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/zh/" class="nav-link">简体中文</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="https://github.com/apache/incubator-iotdb.git" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link"> |
| gitHub |
| <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></nav> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>IoTDB User Guide (In progress)</span> <!----></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Get Started</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Overview</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Concept</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Server</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Client</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Operation Manual</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>System Tools</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Ecosystem Integration</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Architecture</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Comparison with TSDBs</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="content content__default"><h1 id="comparison"><a href="#comparison" class="header-anchor">#</a> Comparison</h1> <h2 id="known-time-series-database"><a href="#known-time-series-database" class="header-anchor">#</a> Known Time Series Database</h2> <p>As the time series data is more and more important, |
| several open sourced time series databases are intorduced in the world. |
| However, few of them are developed for IoT or IIoT (Industrial IoT) scenario in particular.</p> <p>We choose 3 kinds of TSDBs here.</p> <ul><li><p>InfluxDB - Native Time series database</p> <p>InfluxDB is one of the most popular TSDBs.</p> <p>Interface: InfluxQL and HTTP API</p></li> <li><p>OpenTSDB and KairosDB - Time series database based on NoSQL</p> <p>These two DBs are similar, while the first is based on HBase and the second is based on Cassandra. |
| Both of them provides RESTful style API.</p> <p>Interface: Restful API</p></li> <li><p>TimesacleDB - Time series database based on Relational Database</p> <p>Interface: SQL</p></li></ul> <p>Prometheus and Druid are also famous for time series data management. |
| However, Prometheus focuses on how to collect data, how to visualize data and how to alert warnings. |
| Druid focuses on how to analyze data with OLAP workload. We omit them here.</p> <h2 id="comparison-2"><a href="#comparison-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> Comparison</h2> <p>We compare the above time series database from two aspects: the feature comparison and the performance |
| comparison.</p> <h3 id="feature-comparison"><a href="#feature-comparison" class="header-anchor">#</a> Feature Comparison</h3> <p>I list the basic features comparison of these databases.</p> <p>Legend:</p> <ul><li>O: big support greatly</li> <li>o: support</li> <li>x: not support</li> <li>😦 : support but not very good</li> <li>?: unknown</li></ul> <h4 id="basic-features"><a href="#basic-features" class="header-anchor">#</a> Basic Features</h4> <table><thead><tr><th>TSDB</th> <th>IoTDB</th> <th>InfluxDB</th> <th>OpenTSDB</th> <th>KairosDB</th> <th>TimescaleDB</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>OpenSource</td> <td><strong>o</strong></td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td><strong>o</strong></td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>SQL-like</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td></tr> <tr><td>Schema</td> <td>"Tree-based, tag-based"</td> <td>tag-based</td> <td>tag-based</td> <td>tag-based</td> <td>Relational</td></tr> <tr><td>Writing out-of-order data</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>Schema-less</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>Batch insertion</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>Time range filter</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>Order by time</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>Value filter</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>Downsampling</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>Fill</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>LIMIT</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>SLIMIT</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>?</td></tr> <tr><td>Latest value</td> <td>O</td> <td>o</td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>o</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><strong>Details</strong></p> <ul><li><p>OpenSource:</p> <ul><li>IoTDB uses Apache License 2.0 and it is in Apache incubator.</li> <li>InfluxDB uses MIT license. However, <strong>the cluster version is not open sourced</strong>.</li> <li>OpenTSDB uses LGPL2.1, which <strong>is not compatible with Apache License</strong>.</li> <li>KairosDB uses Apache License 2.0.</li> <li>TimescaleDB uses Timescale License, which is not free for enterprise.</li></ul></li> <li><p>SQL like:</p> <ul><li>IoTDB and InfluxDB supports SQL like language. Besides, The integration of IoTDB and Calcite is alomost done (a PR has been submitted), which means IoTDB will support Standard SQL.</li> <li>OpenTSDB and KairosDB only support Rest API. Besides, IoTDB also supports Rest API (a PR has been submitted).</li> <li>TimescaleDB uses the SQL the same with PG.</li></ul></li> <li><p>Schema:</p> <ul><li><p>IoTDB: IoTDB proposes a <a href="http://iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/Concept/Data%20Model%20and%20Terminology.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tree based schema<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>. |
| It is quite different with other TSDBs. However, the kind of schema has the following advantages:</p> <ul><li><p>In many industrial scenarios, the management of devices are hierarchical, rather than flat. |
| That is why we think a tree based schema is better than tag-value based schema.</p></li> <li><p>In many real world applications, tag names are constant. For example, a wind turbine manufacturer |
| always identify their wind turbines by which country it locates, the farm name it belongs to, and its ID in the farm. |
| So, a 4-depth tree ("root.the-country-name.the-farm-name.the-id") is fine. |
| You do not need to repeat to tell IoTDB the 2nd level of the tree is for country name, |
| the 3rd level is for farm id, etc..</p></li> <li><p>A path based time series ID definition also supports flexible queries, like "root.*.a.b.*", wehre * is wildcard character.</p></li></ul></li> <li><p>InfluxDB, KairosDB, OpenTSDB are tag-value based, which is more popular currently.</p></li> <li><p>TimescaleDB uses relational table.</p></li></ul></li> <li><p>Order by time:</p> <p>Order by time seems quite trivil for time series database. But... if we consider another feature, called align by time, |
| something becomes interesting. And, that is why we mark OpenTSDB and KairosDB unsupported.</p> <p>Actually, in each time series, all these TSDBs support order data by timestamps.</p> <p>However, OpenTSDB and KairosDB do not support order the data from different timeseries in the time order.</p> <p>Ok, considering a new case: I have two time series, one is for the wind speed in wind farm1, |
| another is for the generated energy of wind turbine1 in farm1. If we want to analyze the relation between the |
| wind speed and the generated energy, we have to know the values of both at the same time. |
| That is to say, we have to align the two time series in the time dimension.</p> <p>So, the result should be:</p> <table><thead><tr><th>timestamp</th> <th>wind speed</th> <th>generated energy</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>1</td> <td>5.0</td> <td>13.1</td></tr> <tr><td>2</td> <td>6.0</td> <td>13.3</td></tr> <tr><td>3</td> <td>null</td> <td>13.1</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>or,</p> <table><thead><tr><th>timestamp</th> <th>series name</th> <th>value</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>1</td> <td>wind speed</td> <td>5.0</td></tr> <tr><td>1</td> <td>generated energy</td> <td>13.1</td></tr> <tr><td>2</td> <td>wind speed</td> <td>6.0</td></tr> <tr><td>2</td> <td>generated energy</td> <td>13.3</td></tr> <tr><td>3</td> <td>generated energy</td> <td>13.1</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul> <p>Though the second table format does not align data by the time dimension, but it is easy to be implemented in the client-side, |
| by just scanning data row by row.</p> <p>IoTDB supports the first table format (called align by time), InfluxDB supports the second table format.</p> <ul><li><p>Downsampling:</p> <p>Downsampling is for changing the granularity of timeseries, e.g., from 10Hz to 1Hz, or 1 point per day.</p> <p>Different with other systems, IoTDB downsamples data in real time, while others serialized downsampled data on disk.<br> |
| That is to say,</p> <ul><li><p>IoTDB supports <strong>adhoc</strong> downsampling data in <strong>arbitrary time</strong>. |
| e.g., a SQL returns 1 point per 5 minutes and start with 2020-04-27 08:00:00 while another SQL returns 1 point per 5 minutes + 10 seconds and start with 2020-04-27 08:00:01. |
| (InfluxDB also supports adhoc downsampling but the performance is ..... hm)</p></li> <li><p>There is no disk loss for IoTDB.</p></li></ul></li> <li><p>Fill:</p> <p>Sometimes we thought the data is collected in some fixed frequency, e.g., 1Hz (1 point per second). |
| But usually, we may lost some data points, because the network is unstable, the machine is busy, or the machine is down for several minutes.</p> <p>In this case, filling these holes is important. Data scientists can avoid to many so called dirty work, e.g., data clean.</p> <p>InfluxDB and OpenTSDB only support using fill in a group by statement, while IoTDB supports to fill data when just given a particular timestamp. |
| Besides, IoTDB supports several strategies for filling data.</p></li> <li><p>Slimit:</p> <p>Slimit means return limited number of measurements (or, fields in InfluxDB). |
| For example, a wind turbine may have 1000 measurements (speed, voltage, etc..), using slimit and soffset can just return a part of them.</p></li> <li><p>Latest value:</p> <p>As one of the most basic timeseries based applications is monitoring the latest data. |
| Therefore, a query to return the latest value of a time series is very important. |
| IoTDB and OpenTSDB support that with a special SQL or API, |
| while InfluxDB supports that using an aggregation function. |
| (the reason why IoTDB provides a special SQL is IoTDB optimizes the query expressly.)</p></li></ul> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:</p> <p>Well, if we compare the basic features, we can find that OpenTSDB and KairosDB somehow lack some important query features. |
| TimescaleDB can not be freely used in business. |
| IoTDB and InfluxDB can meet most requirements of time series data management, while they have some difference.</p> <h4 id="advanced-features"><a href="#advanced-features" class="header-anchor">#</a> Advanced Features</h4> <p>I listed some interesting features that these systems may differ.</p> <table><thead><tr><th>TSDB</th> <th>IoTDB</th> <th>InfluxDB</th> <th>OpenTSDB</th> <th>KairosDB</th> <th>TimescaleDB</th></tr></thead> <tbody><tr><td>Align by time</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>Compression</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>😦</td> <td>😦</td> <td>😦</td> <td>😦</td></tr> <tr><td>MQTT support</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>😦</td></tr> <tr><td>Run on Edge-side Device</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>😦</td> <td>o</td></tr> <tr><td>Multi-instance Sync</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td></tr> <tr><td>JDBC Driver</td> <td><strong>o</strong></td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td></tr> <tr><td>Standard SQL</td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td></tr> <tr><td>Spark integration</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td></tr> <tr><td>Hive integration</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td></tr> <tr><td>Writing data to NFS (HDFS)</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>x</td> <td>o</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td></tr> <tr><td>Flink integration</td> <td><strong>O</strong></td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td> <td>x</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><p>Align by time: have been introduced. Let's skip it..</p></li> <li><p>Compression:</p> <ul><li>IoTDB supports many encoding and compression for time series, like RLE, 2DIFF, Gorilla, etc.. and Snappy compression. |
| In IoTDB, you can choose which encoding method you want, according to the data distribution. For more info, see <a href="http://iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/Concept/Encoding.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>.</li> <li>InfluxDB also supports encoding and compression, but you can not define which encoding method you want. |
| It just depends on the data type. For more info, see <a href="https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/concepts/storage_engine/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>.</li> <li>OpenTSDB and KairosDB use HBase and Cassandra in backend, and have no special encoding for time series.</li></ul></li> <li><p>MQTT protocol support:</p> <p>MQTT protocol is an international standard and widely known in industrial users. only IoTDB and InfluxDB support user using MQTT client to write data.</p></li> <li><p>Running on Edge-side Device:</p> <p>Nowdays, edge computing is more and more popular, which means the edge device has more powerful compution resources. |
| Deploying a TSDB on the edge side is useful for managing data on the edge side and serve for edge computing. |
| As OpenTSDB and KairosDB rely another DB, the architecture is a little heavy. Especially, it is hard to run Hadoop on the edge side.</p></li> <li><p>Multi-instance Sync:</p> <p>Ok, now we have many TSDB instances on the edge-side. Then, how to upload their data to the data center, to form a ... data lake (or ocean, river,..., whatever). |
| One choice is read data from these instances and write the data point by point to the data center instance. |
| IoTDB provides another choice, just uploading the data file into the data center incrementally, then the data center can support service on the data.</p></li> <li><p>JDBC driver:</p> <p>Now only IoTDB supports a JDBC driver (though not all interfaces are implemented), and makes it possible to integrate many other JDBC driver based softwares.</p></li> <li><p>Standard SQL:</p> <p>As mentioned, the integration of IoTDB and Calcite is almost done (a PR has been submitted), which means IoTDB will support Standard SQL.</p></li> <li><p>Spark and Hive integration:</p> <p>It is very very important that letting big data analysis software to access the data in database for more complex data analysis. |
| IoTDB supports Hive-connector and Spark connector for better integration.</p></li> <li><p>Writing data to NFS (HDFS): |
| Sharing nothing architecture is good, but sometimes you have to add new servers even your CPU and memory is idle but the disk is full... |
| Besides, if we can save the data file directly to HDFS, it will be more easy to use Spark and other softwares to analyze data, without ETL.</p></li> <li><p>IoTDB supports write data locally or on HDFS directly. IoTDB also allows user extend to store data on other NFS.</p></li> <li><p>InfluxDB, KairosDB have to write data locally.</p></li> <li><p>OpenTSDB has to write data on HDFS.</p></li></ul> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:</p> <p>We can find that IoTDB has many powerful features that other TSDBs do not support.</p> <h3 id="performance-comparison"><a href="#performance-comparison" class="header-anchor">#</a> Performance Comparison</h3> <p>Ok... If you say, "well, I just want to use the basic features. If so, IoTDB has little difference with others.". |
| It is somehow right. But, if you consider the performance, you may change your mind.</p> <h4 id="quick-review"><a href="#quick-review" class="header-anchor">#</a> quick review</h4> <p>Given a workload:</p> <ul><li>Write:</li></ul> <p>10 clients write data concurrently. The number of storage group is 50. There are 1000 devices and each device has 100 measurements (i.e.,, 100K time series totally). |
| The data type is float and IoTDB uses RLE encoding and Snappy compression. |
| IoTDB uses batch insertion API and the batch size is 100 (write 100 data points per write API call).</p> <ul><li>Read:</li></ul> <p>50 clients read data concurrently. Each client just read data from 1 device with 10 measurements in one storage group.</p> <p>IoTDB is v0.9.0.</p> <p><strong>Write performance</strong>:</p> <p>We write 112GB data totally.</p> <p>The write throughput (points/second) is:</p> <p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1021782/80472896-f1db0e00-8977-11ea-9424-96bf0021588d.png" alt="Write Throughput (points/second)"> <span id="exp1"><center>Figure 1. Write throughput (points/second) IoTDB v0.9</center></span></p> <p>The disk occupation is:</p> <p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1021782/80472899-f3a4d180-8977-11ea-8233-268ad4e3713e.png" alt="Disk Occupation"> <center>Figure 2. Disk occupation(GB) IoTDB v0.9</center></p> <p><strong>Query performance</strong></p> <p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1021782/80472924-fef7fd00-8977-11ea-9ad4-b4d3c899605e.png" alt="Aggregation query"> <center>Figure 3. Aggregation query time cost(ms) IoTDB v0.9</center></p> <p>We can see that IoTDB outperforms others.</p> <h4 id="more-details"><a href="#more-details" class="header-anchor">#</a> More details</h4> <p>We provide a benchmarking tool, called IoTDB-benchamrk (https://github.com/thulab/iotdb-benchmark, you may have to use the dev branch to compile it), |
| it supports IoTDB, InfluxDB, KairosDB, TimescaleDB, OpenTSDB. We have a <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.08304" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">article<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> for comparing these systems using the benchmark tool. |
| When we publishing the article, IoTDB just entered Apache incubator, so we deleted the performance of IoTDB in that article. But we really did the comparison, and I will |
| disclose some results here.</p> <ul><li><strong>IoTDB: 0.8.0</strong>. (notice: <strong>IoTDB v0.9 outperforms than v0.8</strong>, we will update the result once we finish the experiments on v0.9)</li> <li>InfluxDB: 1.5.1.</li> <li>OpenTSDB: 2.3.1 (HBase 1.2.8)</li> <li>KairosDB: 1.2.1 (Cassandra 3.11.3)</li> <li>TimescaleDB: 1.0.0 (PostgreSQL 10.5)</li></ul> <p>All TSDB run on the same server one by one.</p> <ul><li><p>For InfluxDB, we set the cache-max-memory-size and max-series-perbase as unlimited (otherwise it will be timeout quickly)</p></li> <li><p>For OpenTSDB, we modified tsd.http.request.enable_chunked, tsd.http.request.max_chunk and tsd.storage.fix_duplicates for supporting write data in batch |
| and write out-of-order data.</p></li> <li><p>For KairosDB, we set Cassandra's read_repair_chance as 0.1 (However it has no effect because we just have one node).</p></li> <li><p>For TimescaleDB, we use PGTune tool to optimize PostgreSQL.</p></li></ul> <p>All TSDBs run on a server with Intel Xeon CPU E5-2697 v4 @2.3GHz, 256GB memory and 10 HDD disks with RAID-5. |
| The OS is Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS, 64bits.</p> <p>Another server run IoTDB benchmark tool.</p> <p>I omit the detailed workload here, let's see the result:</p> <p>Legend:</p> <ul><li>I: InfluxDB</li> <li>O: OpenTSDB</li> <li>T: TimescaleDB</li> <li>K: KairosDB</li> <li><strong>D: IoTDB</strong></li></ul> <p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1021782/80476160-95c6b880-897c-11ea-9bb3-9d810cc0c79e.png" alt="Write experiments"> <span id="exp4"><center>Figure 4. Write experiments IoTDB v0.8.0</center></span></p> <p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1021782/80476181-9c553000-897c-11ea-8170-4768134f5841.png" alt="Query experiments"> <center>Figure 5. Query experiments IoTDB v0.8.0</center></p> <p>We can see that IoTDB outperforms others hugely.</p> <p>In <a href="#exp4">Figure. 4(c)</a>, when the batch size reaches to 10000 points, InfluxDB is better than IoTDB v0.8. |
| It is because in IoTDB v0.8, batch insert API is not optimized.</p> <p>From IoTDB v0.9 on, using batch insert API can obtain 8 to 10 times write performance improvement.</p> <p>For example, using IoTDB v0.8, the write throughput can only reach to 6 million data points per second. |
| But using IoTDB v0.9, the write throughput can reach to 40 million data points per second on the same server with the same workload. |
| (see <a href="#exp4">Figure. 4(a)</a> vs <a href="#exp1">Figure. 1</a>).</p> <h2 id="conclusion"><a href="#conclusion" class="header-anchor">#</a> Conclusion</h2> <p>If you are considering to find a TSDB for your IIoT application, then Apache IoTDB, a new time series, is your best choice.</p> <p>We will update this page once we release new version and finish the experiments. |
| We also welcome more contributors correct this article and contribute IoTDB and reproduce experiments.</p></div> <!----> <p style="text-align: center;">Copyright © 2020 The Apache Software Foundation.<br> |
| Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation</p> <p style="text-align:justify!important;paddingLeft:10px;paddingRight:10px;"> |
| Disclaimer: Apache IoTDB (incubating) is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF. |
| </p></main></div><div class="global-ui"></div></div> |
| <script src="/assets/js/app.337fc07c.js" defer></script><script src="/assets/js/3.1dc302ea.js" defer></script><script src="/assets/js/89.8ad1990c.js" defer></script> |
| </body> |
| </html> |