blob: 138b5372b2d87586945eb52e2f0e5663fb8c0d37 [file] [log] [blame]
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en-US" data-theme="light">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-rc.19" />
<meta name="theme" content="VuePress Theme Hope 2.0.0-rc.71" />
<style>
:root {
--vp-c-bg: #fff;
}
[data-theme="dark"] {
--vp-c-bg: #1b1b1f;
}
html,
body {
background: var(--vp-c-bg);
}
</style>
<script>
const userMode = localStorage.getItem("vuepress-theme-hope-scheme");
const systemDarkMode =
window.matchMedia &&
window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches;
if (userMode === "dark" || (userMode !== "light" && systemDarkMode)) {
document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme", "dark");
}
</script>
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-cn" href="https://iotdb.apache.org/zh/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/SQL-Manual.html"><meta property="og:url" content="https://iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/SQL-Manual.html"><meta property="og:site_name" content="IoTDB Website"><meta property="og:title" content="SQL Manual"><meta property="og:description" content="SQL Manual DATABASE MANAGEMENT For more details, see document . Create Database Show Databases Delete Database Count Databases Setting up heterogeneous databases (Advanced opera..."><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:image" content="https://iotdb.apache.org/img/%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF.png"><meta property="og:locale" content="en-US"><meta property="og:locale:alternate" content="zh-CN"><meta property="og:updated_time" content="2025-03-06T10:20:12.000Z"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-03-06T10:20:12.000Z"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"SQL Manual","image":["https://iotdb.apache.org/img/%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF.png","https://iotdb.apache.org/img/templateEN.jpg"],"dateModified":"2025-03-06T10:20:12.000Z","author":[]}</script><link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"><meta name="Description" content="Apache IoTDB: Time Series Database for IoT"><meta name="Keywords" content="TSDB, time series, time series database, IoTDB, IoT database, IoT data management, 时序数据库, 时间序列管理, IoTDB, 物联网数据库, 实时数据库, 物联网数据管理, 物联网数据"><meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="wfKETzB3OT"><meta name="google-site-verification" content="mZWAoRY0yj_HAr-s47zHCGHzx5Ju-RVm5wDbPnwQYFo"><script type="text/javascript">var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || [];
/* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */
_paq.push(["setDoNotTrack", true]);
_paq.push(["disableCookies"]);
_paq.push(['trackPageView']);
_paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']);
(function() {
var u="https://analytics.apache.org/";
_paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']);
_paq.push(['setSiteId', '56']);
var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s);
})();
</script><title>SQL Manual | IoTDB Website</title><meta name="description" content="SQL Manual DATABASE MANAGEMENT For more details, see document . Create Database Show Databases Delete Database Count Databases Setting up heterogeneous databases (Advanced opera...">
<link rel="preload" href="/assets/style-CI4qIzxp.css" as="style"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style-CI4qIzxp.css">
<link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app-C-fAkKj6.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/SQL-Manual.html-DF7op77b.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/模板-D99xzuGy.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/templateEN-BmalG9Zg.js">
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><span tabindex="-1"></span><a href="#main-content" class="vp-skip-link sr-only">Skip to main content</a><!--]--><!--[--><div class="theme-container external-link-icon has-toc" vp-container><!--[--><header id="navbar" class="vp-navbar" vp-navbar><div class="vp-navbar-start"><button type="button" class="vp-toggle-sidebar-button" title="Toggle Sidebar"><span class="icon"></span></button><!--[--><a class="route-link vp-brand" href="/" aria-label="Take me home"><img class="vp-nav-logo" src="/logo.png" alt><!----><!----></a><!--]--></div><div class="vp-navbar-center"><!--[--><!--]--></div><div class="vp-navbar-end"><!--[--><!--[--><div id="docsearch-container" style="display:none;"></div><div><button type="button" class="DocSearch DocSearch-Button" aria-label="Search"><span class="DocSearch-Button-Container"><svg width="20" height="20" class="DocSearch-Search-Icon" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M14.386 14.386l4.0877 4.0877-4.0877-4.0877c-2.9418 2.9419-7.7115 2.9419-10.6533 0-2.9419-2.9418-2.9419-7.7115 0-10.6533 2.9418-2.9419 7.7115-2.9419 10.6533 0 2.9419 2.9418 2.9419 7.7115 0 10.6533z" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg><span class="DocSearch-Button-Placeholder">Search</span></span><span class="DocSearch-Button-Keys"><kbd class="DocSearch-Button-Key"><svg width="15" height="15" class="DocSearch-Control-Key-Icon"><path d="M4.505 4.496h2M5.505 5.496v5M8.216 4.496l.055 5.993M10 7.5c.333.333.5.667.5 1v2M12.326 4.5v5.996M8.384 4.496c1.674 0 2.116 0 2.116 1.5s-.442 1.5-2.116 1.5M3.205 9.303c-.09.448-.277 1.21-1.241 1.203C1 10.5.5 9.513.5 8V7c0-1.57.5-2.5 1.464-2.494.964.006 1.134.598 1.24 1.342M12.553 10.5h1.953" stroke-width="1.2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="square"></path></svg></kbd><kbd class="DocSearch-Button-Key">K</kbd></span></button></div><!--]--><nav class="vp-nav-links"><div class="vp-nav-item hide-in-mobile"><div class="vp-dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" class="vp-dropdown-title" aria-label="Documentation"><!--[--><!---->Documentation<!--]--><span class="arrow"></span><ul class="vp-dropdown"><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/UserGuide/latest/QuickStart/QuickStart_apache.html" aria-label="v2.0.x" iconsizing="both"><!---->v2.0.x<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/QuickStart/QuickStart_apache.html" aria-label="v1.3.x" iconsizing="both"><!---->v1.3.x<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.2.x/QuickStart/QuickStart.html" aria-label="v1.2.x" iconsizing="both"><!---->v1.2.x<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/UserGuide/V0.13.x/QuickStart/QuickStart.html" aria-label="v0.13.x" iconsizing="both"><!---->v0.13.x<!----></a></li></ul></button></div></div><div class="vp-nav-item hide-in-mobile"><a class="auto-link external-link" href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/IOTDB/System+Design" aria-label="Design" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" iconsizing="height"><!---->Design<!----></a></div><div class="vp-nav-item hide-in-mobile"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/Download/" aria-label="Download" iconsizing="height"><!---->Download<!----></a></div><div class="vp-nav-item hide-in-mobile"><div class="vp-dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" class="vp-dropdown-title" aria-label="Community"><!--[--><!---->Community<!--]--><span class="arrow"></span><ul class="vp-dropdown"><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/Community/About-the-Community.html" aria-label="About the Community" iconsizing="both"><!---->About the Community<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/Community/Development-Guide.html" aria-label="Development Guide" iconsizing="both"><!---->Development Guide<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/Community/Community-Partners.html" aria-label="Community Partners" iconsizing="both"><!---->Community Partners<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/Community/Communication-Channels.html" aria-label="Communication Channels" iconsizing="both"><!---->Communication Channels<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/Community/Events-and-Reports.html" aria-label="Events and Reports" iconsizing="both"><!---->Events and Reports<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/Community/Committers.html" aria-label="Committers" iconsizing="both"><!---->Committers<!----></a></li></ul></button></div></div><div class="vp-nav-item hide-in-mobile"><div class="vp-dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" class="vp-dropdown-title" aria-label="ASF"><!--[--><!---->ASF<!--]--><span class="arrow"></span><ul class="vp-dropdown"><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="auto-link external-link" href="https://www.apache.org/" aria-label="Foundation" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" iconsizing="both"><!---->Foundation<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="auto-link external-link" href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/" aria-label="License" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" iconsizing="both"><!---->License<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="auto-link external-link" href="https://www.apache.org/security/" aria-label="Security" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" iconsizing="both"><!---->Security<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="auto-link external-link" href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" aria-label="Sponsorship" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" iconsizing="both"><!---->Sponsorship<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="auto-link external-link" href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" aria-label="Thanks" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" iconsizing="both"><!---->Thanks<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="auto-link external-link" href="https://www.apache.org/events/current-event" aria-label="Current Events" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" iconsizing="both"><!---->Current Events<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="auto-link external-link" href="https://privacy.apache.org/policies/privacy-policy-public.html" aria-label="Privacy" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" iconsizing="both"><!---->Privacy<!----></a></li></ul></button></div></div></nav><div class="vp-nav-item"><div class="vp-dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" class="vp-dropdown-title" aria-label="Select language"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon i18n-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="i18n icon" name="i18n" style="width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:middle;"><path d="M379.392 460.8 494.08 575.488l-42.496 102.4L307.2 532.48 138.24 701.44l-71.68-72.704L234.496 460.8l-45.056-45.056c-27.136-27.136-51.2-66.56-66.56-108.544h112.64c7.68 14.336 16.896 27.136 26.112 35.84l45.568 46.08 45.056-45.056C382.976 312.32 409.6 247.808 409.6 204.8H0V102.4h256V0h102.4v102.4h256v102.4H512c0 70.144-37.888 161.28-87.04 210.944L378.88 460.8zM576 870.4 512 1024H409.6l256-614.4H768l256 614.4H921.6l-64-153.6H576zM618.496 768h196.608L716.8 532.48 618.496 768z"></path></svg><!--]--><span class="arrow"></span><ul class="vp-dropdown"><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link route-link-active auto-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/SQL-Manual.html" aria-label="English" iconsizing="both"><!---->English<!----></a></li><li class="vp-dropdown-item"><a class="route-link auto-link" href="/zh/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/SQL-Manual.html" aria-label="简体中文" iconsizing="both"><!---->简体中文<!----></a></li></ul></button></div></div><div class="vp-nav-item hide-in-mobile"><button type="button" class="vp-color-mode-switch" id="color-mode-switch"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon auto-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="auto icon" name="auto" style="display:none;"><path d="M512 992C246.92 992 32 777.08 32 512S246.92 32 512 32s480 214.92 480 480-214.92 480-480 480zm0-840c-198.78 0-360 161.22-360 360 0 198.84 161.22 360 360 360s360-161.16 360-360c0-198.78-161.22-360-360-360zm0 660V212c165.72 0 300 134.34 300 300 0 165.72-134.28 300-300 300z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon dark-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="dark icon" name="dark" style="display:none;"><path d="M524.8 938.667h-4.267a439.893 439.893 0 0 1-313.173-134.4 446.293 446.293 0 0 1-11.093-597.334A432.213 432.213 0 0 1 366.933 90.027a42.667 42.667 0 0 1 45.227 9.386 42.667 42.667 0 0 1 10.24 42.667 358.4 358.4 0 0 0 82.773 375.893 361.387 361.387 0 0 0 376.747 82.774 42.667 42.667 0 0 1 54.187 55.04 433.493 433.493 0 0 1-99.84 154.88 438.613 438.613 0 0 1-311.467 128z"></path></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon light-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="light icon" name="light" style="display:block;"><path d="M952 552h-80a40 40 0 0 1 0-80h80a40 40 0 0 1 0 80zM801.88 280.08a41 41 0 0 1-57.96-57.96l57.96-58a41.04 41.04 0 0 1 58 58l-58 57.96zM512 752a240 240 0 1 1 0-480 240 240 0 0 1 0 480zm0-560a40 40 0 0 1-40-40V72a40 40 0 0 1 80 0v80a40 40 0 0 1-40 40zm-289.88 88.08-58-57.96a41.04 41.04 0 0 1 58-58l57.96 58a41 41 0 0 1-57.96 57.96zM192 512a40 40 0 0 1-40 40H72a40 40 0 0 1 0-80h80a40 40 0 0 1 40 40zm30.12 231.92a41 41 0 0 1 57.96 57.96l-57.96 58a41.04 41.04 0 0 1-58-58l58-57.96zM512 832a40 40 0 0 1 40 40v80a40 40 0 0 1-80 0v-80a40 40 0 0 1 40-40zm289.88-88.08 58 57.96a41.04 41.04 0 0 1-58 58l-57.96-58a41 41 0 0 1 57.96-57.96z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="vp-nav-item vp-action"><a class="vp-action-link" href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="GitHub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon github-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="github icon" name="github" style="width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;vertical-align:middle;"><path d="M511.957 21.333C241.024 21.333 21.333 240.981 21.333 512c0 216.832 140.544 400.725 335.574 465.664 24.49 4.395 32.256-10.07 32.256-23.083 0-11.69.256-44.245 0-85.205-136.448 29.61-164.736-64.64-164.736-64.64-22.315-56.704-54.4-71.765-54.4-71.765-44.587-30.464 3.285-29.824 3.285-29.824 49.195 3.413 75.179 50.517 75.179 50.517 43.776 75.008 114.816 53.333 142.762 40.79 4.523-31.66 17.152-53.377 31.19-65.537-108.971-12.458-223.488-54.485-223.488-242.602 0-53.547 19.114-97.323 50.517-131.67-5.035-12.33-21.93-62.293 4.779-129.834 0 0 41.258-13.184 134.912 50.346a469.803 469.803 0 0 1 122.88-16.554c41.642.213 83.626 5.632 122.88 16.554 93.653-63.488 134.784-50.346 134.784-50.346 26.752 67.541 9.898 117.504 4.864 129.834 31.402 34.347 50.474 78.123 50.474 131.67 0 188.586-114.73 230.016-224.042 242.09 17.578 15.232 33.578 44.672 33.578 90.454v135.85c0 13.142 7.936 27.606 32.854 22.87C862.25 912.597 1002.667 728.747 1002.667 512c0-271.019-219.648-490.667-490.71-490.667z"></path></svg></a></div><!--]--><button type="button" class="vp-toggle-navbar-button" aria-label="Toggle Navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="nav-screen"><span><span class="vp-top"></span><span class="vp-middle"></span><span class="vp-bottom"></span></span></button></div></header><!----><!--]--><!----><div class="toggle-sidebar-wrapper"><span class="arrow start"></span></div><aside id="sidebar" class="vp-sidebar iotdb-sidebar" vp-sidebar><!--[--><p class="vp-sidebar-header iotdb-sidebar-header"><span class="vp-sidebar-title">IoTDB User Guide (V1.3.x)</span></p><div class="sidebar-top-wrapper"><!----></div><!--]--><ul class="vp-sidebar-links"><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><p class="vp-sidebar-header"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">IoTDB User Guide (V1.3.x)</span><!----></p><ul class="vp-sidebar-links"></ul></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">About IoTDB</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">Background knowledge</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><a class="route-link auto-link vp-sidebar-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/QuickStart/QuickStart_apache.html" aria-label="Quick Start" iconsizing="both"><!---->Quick Start<!----></a></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">Deployment &amp; Maintenance</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">Basic Functions</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">Advanced Features</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">Tools System</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">API</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">Ecosystem Integration</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable active" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">SQL Manual</span><span class="vp-arrow down"></span></button><ul class="vp-sidebar-links"><li><a class="route-link route-link-active auto-link vp-sidebar-link active" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/SQL-Manual.html" aria-label="SQL Manual" iconsizing="both"><!---->SQL Manual<!----></a></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">Functions and Operators</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">Technical Insider</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">Reference</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">FAQ</span><span class="vp-arrow end"></span></button><!----></section></li></ul><!----></aside><!--[--><main id="main-content" class="vp-page"><!--[--><!----><!----><nav class="vp-breadcrumb disable"></nav><div class="vp-page-title"><h1><!---->SQL Manual</h1><div class="page-info"><!----><!----><span class="page-date-info" aria-label="Writing Date📅" data-balloon-pos="up"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon calendar-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="calendar icon" name="calendar"><path d="M716.4 110.137c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.472-33.473-18.753 0-33.473 14.72-33.473 33.473v33.473h66.993v-33.473zm-334.87 0c0-18.753-14.72-33.473-33.473-33.473s-33.52 14.72-33.52 33.473v33.473h66.993v-33.473zm468.81 33.52H716.4v100.465c0 18.753-14.72 33.473-33.472 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473V143.657H381.53v100.465c0 18.753-14.72 33.473-33.473 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473V143.657H180.6A134.314 134.314 0 0046.66 277.595v535.756A134.314 134.314 0 00180.6 947.289h669.74a134.36 134.36 0 00133.94-133.938V277.595a134.314 134.314 0 00-133.94-133.938zm33.473 267.877H147.126a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.473-33.473c0-18.752 14.72-33.473 33.473-33.473h736.687c18.752 0 33.472 14.72 33.472 33.473a33.145 33.145 0 01-33.472 33.473z"></path></svg><span data-allow-mismatch="text">August 1, 2023</span><meta property="datePublished" content="2023-08-01T06:02:08.000Z"></span><!----><span class="page-reading-time-info" aria-label="Reading Time⌛" data-balloon-pos="up"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon timer-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="timer icon" name="timer"><path d="M799.387 122.15c4.402-2.978 7.38-7.897 7.38-13.463v-1.165c0-8.933-7.38-16.312-16.312-16.312H256.33c-8.933 0-16.311 7.38-16.311 16.312v1.165c0 5.825 2.977 10.874 7.637 13.592 4.143 194.44 97.22 354.963 220.201 392.763-122.204 37.542-214.893 196.511-220.2 389.397-4.661 5.049-7.638 11.651-7.638 19.03v5.825h566.49v-5.825c0-7.379-2.849-13.981-7.509-18.9-5.049-193.016-97.867-351.985-220.2-389.527 123.24-37.67 216.446-198.453 220.588-392.892zM531.16 450.445v352.632c117.674 1.553 211.787 40.778 211.787 88.676H304.097c0-48.286 95.149-87.382 213.728-88.676V450.445c-93.077-3.107-167.901-81.297-167.901-177.093 0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.793-15.793 8.803 0 15.794 6.99 15.794 15.793 0 80.261 63.69 145.635 142.01 145.635s142.011-65.374 142.011-145.635c0-8.803 6.99-15.793 15.794-15.793s15.793 6.99 15.793 15.793c0 95.019-73.789 172.82-165.96 177.093z"></path></svg><span>About 23 min</span><meta property="timeRequired" content="PT23M"></span><!----><!----></div><hr></div><div class="vp-toc-placeholder"><aside id="toc" vp-toc><!----><!--[--><div class="vp-toc-header">On This Page<button type="button" class="print-button" title="Print"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon print-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="print icon" name="print"><path d="M819.2 364.8h-44.8V128c0-17.067-14.933-32-32-32H281.6c-17.067 0-32 14.933-32 32v236.8h-44.8C145.067 364.8 96 413.867 96 473.6v192c0 59.733 49.067 108.8 108.8 108.8h44.8V896c0 17.067 14.933 32 32 32h460.8c17.067 0 32-14.933 32-32V774.4h44.8c59.733 0 108.8-49.067 108.8-108.8v-192c0-59.733-49.067-108.8-108.8-108.8zM313.6 160h396.8v204.8H313.6V160zm396.8 704H313.6V620.8h396.8V864zM864 665.6c0 25.6-19.2 44.8-44.8 44.8h-44.8V588.8c0-17.067-14.933-32-32-32H281.6c-17.067 0-32 14.933-32 32v121.6h-44.8c-25.6 0-44.8-19.2-44.8-44.8v-192c0-25.6 19.2-44.8 44.8-44.8h614.4c25.6 0 44.8 19.2 44.8 44.8v192z"></path></svg></button><div class="arrow end"></div></div><div class="vp-toc-wrapper"><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#database-management">DATABASE MANAGEMENT</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#create-database">Create Database</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#show-databases">Show Databases</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#delete-database">Delete Database</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#count-databases">Count Databases</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#setting-up-heterogeneous-databases-advanced-operations">Setting up heterogeneous databases (Advanced operations)</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#ttl">TTL</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#device-template">DEVICE TEMPLATE</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#create-device-template">Create Device Template</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#set-device-template">Set Device Template</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#activate-device-template">Activate Device Template</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#show-device-template">Show Device Template</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#deactivate-device-template">Deactivate Device Template</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#unset-device-template">Unset Device Template</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#drop-device-template">Drop Device Template</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#alter-device-template">Alter Device Template</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#timeseries-management">TIMESERIES MANAGEMENT</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#create-timeseries">Create Timeseries</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#create-aligned-timeseries">Create Aligned Timeseries</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#delete-timeseries">Delete Timeseries</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#show-timeseries">Show Timeseries</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#count-timeseries">Count Timeseries</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#tag-and-attribute-management">Tag and Attribute Management</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#node-management">NODE MANAGEMENT</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#show-child-paths">Show Child Paths</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#show-child-nodes">Show Child Nodes</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#count-nodes">Count Nodes</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#show-devices">Show Devices</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#count-devices">Count Devices</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#insert-load-data">INSERT &amp; LOAD DATA</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#insert-data">Insert Data</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#load-external-tsfile-tool">Load External TsFile Tool</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#delete-data">DELETE DATA</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#delete-single-timeseries">Delete Single Timeseries</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#delete-multiple-timeseries">Delete Multiple Timeseries</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#delete-time-partition-experimental">Delete Time Partition (experimental)</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#query-data">QUERY DATA</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#basic-examples">Basic Examples</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#select-clause">SELECT CLAUSE</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#where-clause">WHERE CLAUSE</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#group-by-clause">GROUP BY CLAUSE</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#having-clause">HAVING CLAUSE</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#fill-clause">FILL CLAUSE</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#limit-and-slimit-clauses-pagination">LIMIT and SLIMIT CLAUSES (PAGINATION)</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#order-by-clause">ORDER BY CLAUSE</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#align-by-clause">ALIGN BY CLAUSE</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#into-clause-query-write-back">INTO CLAUSE (QUERY WRITE-BACK)</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#maintennance">Maintennance</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#operator">OPERATOR</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic Operators</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#comparison-operators">Comparison Operators</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#logical-operators">Logical Operators</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#built-in-functions">BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#arithmetic-functions">Arithmetic Functions</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#comparison-functions">Comparison Functions</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#string-processing-functions">String Processing Functions</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#data-type-conversion-function">Data Type Conversion Function</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#constant-timeseries-generating-functions">Constant Timeseries Generating Functions</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#selector-functions">Selector Functions</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#continuous-interval-functions">Continuous Interval Functions</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#variation-trend-calculation-functions">Variation Trend Calculation Functions</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#sample-functions">Sample Functions</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#change-points-function">Change Points Function</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#data-quality-function-library">DATA QUALITY FUNCTION LIBRARY</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#data-quality">Data Quality</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#data-profiling">Data Profiling</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#anomaly-detection">Anomaly Detection</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#frequency-domain">Frequency Domain</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#data-matching">Data Matching</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#data-repairing">Data Repairing</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#series-discovery">Series Discovery</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#machine-learning">Machine Learning</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#lambda-expression">LAMBDA EXPRESSION</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#conditional-expression">CONDITIONAL EXPRESSION</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#trigger">TRIGGER</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#create-trigger">Create Trigger</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#drop-trigger">Drop Trigger</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#show-trigger">Show Trigger</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#continuous-query-cq">CONTINUOUS QUERY (CQ)</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#configuring-execution-intervals">Configuring execution intervals</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#configuring-time-range-for-resampling">Configuring time range for resampling</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#configuring-execution-intervals-and-cq-time-ranges">Configuring execution intervals and CQ time ranges</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#configuring-end-time-offset-for-cq-time-range">Configuring end_time_offset for CQ time range</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#cq-without-group-by-clause">CQ without group by clause</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#cq-management">CQ Management</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#user-defined-function-udf">USER-DEFINED FUNCTION (UDF)</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#udf-registration">UDF Registration</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#udf-deregistration">UDF Deregistration</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#udf-queries">UDF Queries</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#show-all-registered-udfs">Show All Registered UDFs</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level2" href="#administration-management">ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT</a></li><li><ul class="vp-toc-list"><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#sql-statements">SQL Statements</a></li><!----><!--]--><!--[--><li class="vp-toc-item"><a class="route-link vp-toc-link level3" href="#authorization-and-deauthorization">Authorization and Deauthorization</a></li><!----><!--]--></ul></li><!--]--></ul><div class="vp-toc-marker" style="top:-1.7rem;"></div></div><!--]--><!----></aside></div><!----><div class="theme-hope-content" vp-content><h1 id="sql-manual" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sql-manual"><span>SQL Manual</span></a></h1><h2 id="database-management" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#database-management"><span>DATABASE MANAGEMENT</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/Basic-Concept/Operate-Metadata.html">Operate-Metadata</a>.</p><h3 id="create-database" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-database"><span>Create Database</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> database</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> database</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="show-databases" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-databases"><span>Show Databases</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> SHOW DATABASES</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> SHOW DATABASES </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="delete-database" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delete-database"><span>Delete Database</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> DELETE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> DATABASE</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> DELETE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> DATABASE</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">// </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">delete</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> all </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">data</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, all timeseries </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">and</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> all databases</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> DELETE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> DATABASE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="count-databases" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#count-databases"><span>Count Databases</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> count databases</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> count databases </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> count databases </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> count databases </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="setting-up-heterogeneous-databases-advanced-operations" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#setting-up-heterogeneous-databases-advanced-operations"><span>Setting up heterogeneous databases (Advanced operations)</span></a></h3><h4 id="set-heterogeneous-parameters-when-creating-a-database" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#set-heterogeneous-parameters-when-creating-a-database"><span>Set heterogeneous parameters when creating a Database</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> DATABASE</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.db </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">WITH</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> SCHEMA_REPLICATION_FACTOR</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, DATA_REPLICATION_FACTOR</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, SCHEMA_REGION_GROUP_NUM</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="adjust-heterogeneous-parameters-at-run-time" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#adjust-heterogeneous-parameters-at-run-time"><span>Adjust heterogeneous parameters at run time</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> DATABASE</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">db</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> WITH</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> SCHEMA_REGION_GROUP_NUM</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, DATA_REGION_GROUP_NUM</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="show-heterogeneous-databases" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-heterogeneous-databases"><span>Show heterogeneous databases</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SHOW DATABASES DETAILS</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="ttl" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#ttl"><span>TTL</span></a></h3><h4 id="set-ttl" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#set-ttl"><span>Set TTL</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> set</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ttl </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">to</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 3600000</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> set</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ttl </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">to</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3600000</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> set</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ttl </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">to</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3600000</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="unset-ttl" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#unset-ttl"><span>Unset TTL</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> unset ttl </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> unset ttl </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> unset ttl </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="show-ttl" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-ttl"><span>Show TTL</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> SHOW ALL TTL</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> SHOW TTL </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ON</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> StorageGroupNames</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> SHOW DEVICES</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="device-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#device-template"><span>DEVICE TEMPLATE</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/Basic-Concept/Operate-Metadata.html">Operate-Metadata</a>.</p><figure><img src="/img/%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF.png" alt="img" tabindex="0" loading="lazy"><figcaption>img</figcaption></figure><figure><img src="/img/templateEN.jpg" alt="img" tabindex="0" loading="lazy"><figcaption>img</figcaption></figure><h3 id="create-device-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-device-template"><span>Create Device Template</span></a></h3><p><strong>Example 1:</strong> Create a template containing two non-aligned timeseires</p><div class="language-shell line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="shell" data-title="shell" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#98C379;">create</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> device</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> template</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> t1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (temperature </span><span style="color:#98C379;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> encoding=RLE,</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> status</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> BOOLEAN</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> encoding=PLAIN</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> compression=SNAPPY</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p><strong>Example 2:</strong> Create a template containing a group of aligned timeseires</p><div class="language-shell line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="shell" data-title="shell" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt; </span><span style="color:#98C379;">create</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> device</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> template</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> t2</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> aligned</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (lat </span><span style="color:#98C379;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> encoding=Gorilla,</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> lon</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> FLOAT</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> encoding=Gorilla</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>The<code> lat</code> and <code>lon</code> measurements are aligned.</p><h3 id="set-device-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#set-device-template"><span>Set Device Template</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> set</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device template t1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">to</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="activate-device-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#activate-device-template"><span>Activate Device Template</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> set</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device template t1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">to</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> set</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device template t2 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">to</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">using</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device template </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">on</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">using</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device template </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">on</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="show-device-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-device-template"><span>Show Device Template</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show device templates</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show nodes </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">in</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device template t1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show paths </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">set</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device template t1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show paths </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">using</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device template t1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="deactivate-device-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#deactivate-device-template"><span>Deactivate Device Template</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries of device template t1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> deactivate device template t1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries of device template t1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> deactivate device template t1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="unset-device-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#unset-device-template"><span>Unset Device Template</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> unset device template t1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="drop-device-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#drop-device-template"><span>Drop Device Template</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> drop</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device template t1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="alter-device-template" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#alter-device-template"><span>Alter Device Template</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> alter</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device template t1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">add</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (speed </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">RLE, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> TEXT</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">compression</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SNAPPY)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="timeseries-management" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#timeseries-management"><span>TIMESERIES MANAGEMENT</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/Basic-Concept/Operate-Metadata.html">Operate-Metadata</a>.</p><h3 id="create-timeseries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-timeseries"><span>Create Timeseries</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">BOOLEAN</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">RLE</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.hardware </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">TEXT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">BOOLEAN</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">BOOLEAN</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">RLE</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>From v0.13, you can use a simplified version of the SQL statements to create timeseries:</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">BOOLEAN</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">RLE</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.hardware </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">TEXT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">BOOLEAN</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">BOOLEAN</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">RLE</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Notice that when in the CREATE TIMESERIES statement the encoding method conflicts with the data type, the system gives the corresponding error prompt as shown below:</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> WITH</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> DATATYPE</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">BOOLEAN</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ENCODING</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">TS_2DIFF</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">error: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TS_2DIFF does </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">not</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> support </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">BOOLEAN</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="create-aligned-timeseries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-aligned-timeseries"><span>Create Aligned Timeseries</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> CREATE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ALIGNED TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">GPS</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(latitude </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN compressor</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SNAPPY, longitude </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PLAIN compressor</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SNAPPY)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="delete-timeseries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delete-timeseries"><span>Delete Timeseries</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.temperature, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.hardware</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.wf02.*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> drop</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.wf02.*</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="show-timeseries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-timeseries"><span>Show Timeseries</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show timeseries </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">limit</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> offset </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">10</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries contains </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;wf01.wt&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> dataType</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FLOAT</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="count-timeseries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#count-timeseries"><span>Count Timeseries</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*.*.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">WHERE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TIMESERIES contains </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;sgcc&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">WHERE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> DATATYPE </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> INT64</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">WHERE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS(unit) contains </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;c&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">WHERE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS(unit) </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;c&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">WHERE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TIMESERIES contains </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;sgcc&#39;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> LEVEL</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> LEVEL</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT TIMESERIES </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.wf01.* </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> LEVEL</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="tag-and-attribute-management" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#tag-and-attribute-management"><span>Tag and Attribute Management</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">turbine</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temprature) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">with</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> datatype</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FLOAT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">RLE, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">compression</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SNAPPY tags(tag1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v1, tag2</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v2) attributes(attr1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v1, attr2</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v2)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Rename the tag/attribute key</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">turbine</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> RENAME tag1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">TO</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> newTag1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Reset the tag/attribute value</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">turbine</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SET</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> newTag1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">newV1, attr1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">newV1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Delete the existing tag/attribute</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">turbine</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> DROP</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> tag1, tag2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Add new tags</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">turbine</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ADD</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS tag3</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v3, tag4</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v4</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Add new attributes</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">turbine</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ADD</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ATTRIBUTES attr3</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v3, attr4</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v4</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Upsert alias, tags and attributes</li></ul><blockquote><p>add alias or a new key-value if the alias or key doesn&#39;t exist, otherwise, update the old one with new value.</p></blockquote><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">turbine</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> UPSERT ALIAS</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">newAlias TAGS(tag3</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v3, tag4</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v4) ATTRIBUTES(attr3</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v3, attr4</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v4)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Show timeseries using tags. Use TAGS(tagKey) to identify the tags used as filter key</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SHOW TIMESERIES (</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#98C379;">`PathPattern`</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)? timeseriesWhereClause</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>returns all the timeseries information that satisfy the where condition and match the pathPattern. SQL statements are as follows:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.hardware </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ADD</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS unit</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">c</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ADD</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">description</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">test1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">show timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS(unit)</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;c&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">show timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">description</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) contains </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;test1&#39;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>count timeseries using tags</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">COUNT TIMESERIES (</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#98C379;">`PathPattern`</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)? timeseriesWhereClause</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">COUNT TIMESERIES (</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#98C379;">`PathPattern`</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)? timeseriesWhereClause </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> LEVEL</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=&lt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">INTEGER</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>returns all the number of timeseries that satisfy the where condition and match the pathPattern. SQL statements are as follows:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">count timeseries</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">count timeseries </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS(unit)</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;c&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">count timeseries </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS(unit)</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;c&#39;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>create aligned timeseries</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> aligned timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(s1 INT32 tags(tag1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v1, tag2</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v2) attributes(attr1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v1, attr2</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v2), s2 DOUBLE tags(tag3</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v3, tag4</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v4) attributes(attr3</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v3, attr4</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">v4))</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>The execution result is as follows:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show timeseries</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">+</span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| timeseries|alias| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">database</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">|dataType|</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">|</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">compression</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| tags| attributes|deadband|deadband parameters|</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">+</span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">|</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| INT32| RLE| SNAPPY|{</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;tag1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;tag2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}|{</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;attr2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;attr1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">|</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">|</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| DOUBLE| GORILLA| SNAPPY|{</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;tag4&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v4&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;tag3&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v3&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}|{</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;attr4&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v4&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;attr3&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v3&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">|</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">+</span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Support query:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show timeseries </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS(tag1)</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;v1&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">+</span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| timeseries|alias| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">database</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">|dataType|</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">encoding</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">|</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">compression</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| tags| attributes|deadband|deadband parameters|</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">+</span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">|</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| INT32| RLE| SNAPPY|{</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;tag1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;tag2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}|{</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;attr2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;attr1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;v1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">| </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">|</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">+</span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">--------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------------------+</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>The above operations are supported for timeseries tag, attribute updates, etc.</p><h2 id="node-management" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#node-management"><span>NODE MANAGEMENT</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/Basic-Concept/Operate-Metadata.html">Operate-Metadata</a>.</p><h3 id="show-child-paths" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-child-paths"><span>Show Child Paths</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SHOW CHILD PATHS pathPattern</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="show-child-nodes" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-child-nodes"><span>Show Child Nodes</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SHOW CHILD NODES pathPattern</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="count-nodes" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#count-nodes"><span>Count Nodes</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT NODES </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">LEVEL</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT NODES </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">LEVEL</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT NODES </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.wf01.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">LEVEL</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> COUNT NODES </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**.temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">LEVEL</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="show-devices" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-devices"><span>Show Devices</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show devices</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show devices </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show devices </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device contains </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;t&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show devices </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">with</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> database</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show devices </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">with</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> database</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="count-devices" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#count-devices"><span>Count Devices</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> show devices</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> count devices</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> count devices </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="insert-load-data" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#insert-load-data"><span>INSERT &amp; LOAD DATA</span></a></h2><h3 id="insert-data" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#insert-data"><span>Insert Data</span></a></h3><p>For more details, see document <a href="../Basic-Concept/Write-Data">Write-Data</a>.</p><h4 id="use-of-insert-statements" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#use-of-insert-statements"><span>Use of INSERT Statements</span></a></h4><ul><li>Insert Single Timeseries</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> insert into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">timestamp</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">values</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,true)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> insert into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">timestamp</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,hardware) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">values</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;v1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Insert Multiple Timeseries</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> insert into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">timestamp</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, hardware) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">VALUES</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, false, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;v2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> insert into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">timestamp</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, hardware) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">VALUES</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, false, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;v3&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">4</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, true, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;v4&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Use the Current System Timestamp as the Timestamp of the Data Point</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> insert into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, hardware) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">values</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (false, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;v2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="insert-data-into-aligned-timeseries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#insert-data-into-aligned-timeseries"><span>Insert Data Into Aligned Timeseries</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> aligned timeseries </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(s1 INT32, s2 DOUBLE)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> insert into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, s1, s2) aligned </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">values</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> insert into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, s1, s2) aligned </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">values</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), (</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="load-external-tsfile-tool" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#load-external-tsfile-tool"><span>Load External TsFile Tool</span></a></h3><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/Tools-System/Data-Import-Tool.html">Data Import</a>.</p><h4 id="load-with-sql" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#load-with-sql"><span>Load with SQL</span></a></h4><ol><li>Load a single tsfile by specifying a file path (absolute path).</li></ol><ul><li><code>load &#39;/Users/Desktop/data/1575028885956-101-0.tsfile&#39;</code></li><li><code>load &#39;/Users/Desktop/data/1575028885956-101-0.tsfile&#39; sglevel=1</code></li><li><code>load &#39;/Users/Desktop/data/1575028885956-101-0.tsfile&#39; onSuccess=delete</code></li><li><code>load &#39;/Users/Desktop/data/1575028885956-101-0.tsfile&#39; sglevel=1 onSuccess=delete</code></li></ul><ol start="2"><li>Load a batch of files by specifying a folder path (absolute path).</li></ol><ul><li><code>load &#39;/Users/Desktop/data&#39;</code></li><li><code>load &#39;/Users/Desktop/data&#39; sglevel=1</code></li><li><code>load &#39;/Users/Desktop/data&#39; onSuccess=delete</code></li><li><code>load &#39;/Users/Desktop/data&#39; sglevel=1 onSuccess=delete</code></li></ul><h4 id="load-with-script" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#load-with-script"><span>Load with Script</span></a></h4><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" data-title="" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span>./load-rewrite.bat -f D:\IoTDB\data -h 192.168.0.101 -p 6667 -u root -pw root</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="delete-data" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delete-data"><span>DELETE DATA</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a href="../Basic-Concept/Write-Data">Write-Delete-Data</a>.</p><h3 id="delete-single-timeseries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delete-single-timeseries"><span>Delete Single Timeseries</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">26</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">26</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 20</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 20</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 20</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 20</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 20</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 4</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> or</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 0</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">Msg: </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">303</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Check</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> metadata error: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">For</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> statement</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> clause can only contain </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">atomic</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">expressions </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">like</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> : </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> XXX, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> XXX, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">or</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> two </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">atomic</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> expressions connected </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;AND&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="delete-multiple-timeseries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delete-multiple-timeseries"><span>Delete Multiple Timeseries</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">26</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.* </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">26</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> delete</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> now</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">Msg: The </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">statement</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> is</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> executed successfully.</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="delete-time-partition-experimental" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delete-time-partition-experimental"><span>Delete Time Partition (experimental)</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> DELETE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> PARTITION</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="query-data" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#query-data"><span>QUERY DATA</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/Basic-Concept/Query-Data.html">Query-Data</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [LAST]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> selectExpr </span><span style="color:#E06C75;">[, selectExpr]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ...</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [INTO intoItem [, intoItem]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ...]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FROM</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> prefixPath </span><span style="color:#E06C75;">[, prefixPath]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ...</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [WHERE whereCondition]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> [</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">[startTime, endTime), interval [, slidingStep]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) |</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> LEVEL</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> levelNum </span><span style="color:#E06C75;">[, levelNum]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ... |</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS(tagKey </span><span style="color:#E06C75;">[, tagKey]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ... ) |</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> VARIATION(expression</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">[,delta][,ignoreNull=true/false]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) |</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> CONDITION(expression,</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">[keep&gt;/&gt;=/=/&lt;/&lt;=]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">threshold</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">[,ignoreNull=true/false]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) |</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SESSION</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(timeInterval) |</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> COUNT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(expression, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">size</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">[,ignoreNull=true/false]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> }]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [HAVING havingCondition]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [ORDER BY sortKey {ASC | DESC}]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [FILL ({PREVIOUS | LINEAR | constant} (, interval=DURATION_LITERAL)?)]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [SLIMIT seriesLimit]</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [SOFFSET seriesOffset]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [LIMIT rowLimit]</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [OFFSET rowOffset]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [ALIGN BY {TIME | DEVICE}]</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="basic-examples" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#basic-examples"><span>Basic Examples</span></a></h3><h4 id="select-a-column-of-data-based-on-a-time-interval" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#select-a-column-of-data-based-on-a-time-interval"><span>Select a Column of Data Based on a Time Interval</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">08</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="select-multiple-columns-of-data-based-on-a-time-interval" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#select-multiple-columns-of-data-based-on-a-time-interval"><span>Select Multiple Columns of Data Based on a Time Interval</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">12</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="select-multiple-columns-of-data-for-the-same-device-according-to-multiple-time-intervals" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#select-multiple-columns-of-data-for-the-same-device-according-to-multiple-time-intervals"><span>Select Multiple Columns of Data for the Same Device According to Multiple Time Intervals</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">12</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">or</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">35</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">37</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="choose-multiple-columns-of-data-for-different-devices-according-to-multiple-time-intervals" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#choose-multiple-columns-of-data-for-different-devices-according-to-multiple-time-intervals"><span>Choose Multiple Columns of Data for Different Devices According to Multiple Time Intervals</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.hardware </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">12</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">or</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">35</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">37</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="order-by-time-query" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#order-by-time-query"><span>Order By Time Query</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> order by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> desc</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> limit</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="select-clause" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#select-clause"><span><code>SELECT</code> CLAUSE</span></a></h3><h4 id="use-alias" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#use-alias"><span>Use Alias</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature, s2 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> speed </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="nested-expressions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#nested-expressions"><span>Nested Expressions</span></a></h4><h5 id="nested-expressions-with-time-series-query" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#nested-expressions-with-time-series-query"><span>Nested Expressions with Time Series Query</span></a></h5><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> a,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> b,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ((a + </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) * </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> - </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) % </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> + </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">5</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> sin</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(a + </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sin</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(a + </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sin</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(b))),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> -(a + b) * (</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sin</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(a + b) * </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sin</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(a + b) + </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">cos</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(a + b) * </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">cos</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(a + b)) + </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (a + b) * </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> + </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sin</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(a) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (a + *) / </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (a + b) * </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h5 id="nested-expressions-query-with-aggregations" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#nested-expressions-query-with-aggregations"><span>Nested Expressions query with aggregations</span></a></h5><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> sin</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature)),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature) + </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> -</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(hardware),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature) + </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(hardware)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(*), </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(*) + </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) * </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> / </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> -</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> sin</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature)),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature) + </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> -</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(hardware),</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature) + </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(hardware) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> custom_sum</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">10</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">90</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), 10ms);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="last-query" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#last-query"><span>Last Query</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> last</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> last</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-07T23:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">50</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> last</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeseries </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> last</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> dataType </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="where-clause" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#where-clause"><span><code>WHERE</code> CLAUSE</span></a></h3><h4 id="time-filter" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#time-filter"><span>Time Filter</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2022</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2022</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2022</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">12</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="value-filter" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#value-filter"><span>Value Filter</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 36</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">5</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> status</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> true;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">between</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 36</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">5</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 40</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">not</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> between</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 36</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">5</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 40</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">in</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;200&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;300&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;400&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;500&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">not</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> in</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;200&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;300&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;400&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;500&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">is</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">is not null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="fuzzy-query" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fuzzy-query"><span>Fuzzy Query</span></a></h4><ul><li>Fuzzy matching using <code>Like</code></li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> value</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> like</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;%cc%&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.device </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> value</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> like</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;_b_&#39;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Fuzzy matching using <code>Regexp</code></li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> regexp </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;^[A-Za-z]+$&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> regexp </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;^[a-z]+$&#39;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 100</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="group-by-clause" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#group-by-clause"><span><code>GROUP BY</code> CLAUSE</span></a></h3><ul><li>Aggregate By Time without Specifying the Sliding Step Length</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), max_value(temperature) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-07T23:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),1d);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Aggregate By Time Specifying the Sliding Step Length</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), max_value(temperature) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">07</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 23</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), 3h, 1d);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Aggregate by Natural Month</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2019</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-07T23:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), 1mo, 2mo);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">10</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-31T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2019</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-07T23:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), 1mo, 2mo);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Left Open And Right Close Range</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ((</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-07T23:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">],1d);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Aggregation By Variation</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> __endTime, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s3) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> variation(s6)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> __endTime, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s3) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> variation(s6, ignoreNull</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">false)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> __endTime, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s3) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> variation(s6, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">4</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> __endTime, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s3) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> variation(s6+s5, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">10</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Aggregation By Condition</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> max_time(charging_status),</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(vehicle_status),</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">last_value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(soc) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> condition(charging_status</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">KEEP</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,ignoringNull</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">true)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> max_time(charging_status),</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(vehicle_status),</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">last_value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(soc) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> condition(charging_status</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">KEEP</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,ignoringNull</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">false)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Aggregation By Session</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> __endTime,</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(*) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> session</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(1d)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> __endTime,</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(hardware) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> session</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(50s) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">having</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(hardware)</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Aggregation By Count</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(charging_stauts), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">first_value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(soc) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(charging_status,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">5</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(charging_stauts), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">first_value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(soc) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(charging_status,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">5</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,ignoreNull</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">false)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Aggregation By Level</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 3</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> max_value(temperature) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 0</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(*) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Aggregate By Time with Level Clause</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ((</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-07T23:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">],1d), </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">07</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 23</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), 3h, 1d), </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Aggregation query by one single tag</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SELECT</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> AVG</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">factory1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS(city);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Aggregation query by multiple tags</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SELECT</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">factory1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TAGS(city, workshop);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Downsampling Aggregation by tags based on Time Window</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SELECT</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">factory1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">10000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), 5s), TAGS(city, workshop);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="having-clause" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#having-clause"><span><code>HAVING</code> CLAUSE</span></a></h3><p>Correct:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),2ms), </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> having</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2) </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),2ms) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">having</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2) </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Incorrect:</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),1ms) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">having</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),1ms) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">having</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1 </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),1ms), </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> having</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),1ms), </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">level</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> having</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="fill-clause" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#fill-clause"><span><code>FILL</code> CLAUSE</span></a></h3><h4 id="previous-fill" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#previous-fill"><span><code>PREVIOUS</code> Fill</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">37</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">40</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> fill(previous);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="previous-fill-and-specify-the-fill-timeout-threshold" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#previous-fill-and-specify-the-fill-timeout-threshold"><span><code>PREVIOUS</code> FILL and specify the fill timeout threshold</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">37</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">40</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> fill(previous, 2m);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="linear-fill" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#linear-fill"><span><code>LINEAR</code> Fill</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">37</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">40</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> fill(linear);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="constant-fill" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#constant-fill"><span>Constant Fill</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">37</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">40</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> fill(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sgcc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">37</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T16:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">40</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> fill(true);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="limit-and-slimit-clauses-pagination" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#limit-and-slimit-clauses-pagination"><span><code>LIMIT</code> and <code>SLIMIT</code> CLAUSES (PAGINATION)</span></a></h3><h4 id="row-control-over-query-results" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#row-control-over-query-results"><span>Row Control over Query Results</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> limit</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> limit</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 5</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> offset </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">12</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> limit</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> offset </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), max_value(temperature) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-07T23:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),1d) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">limit</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 5</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> offset </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="column-control-over-query-results" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#column-control-over-query-results"><span>Column Control over Query Results</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">12</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> slimit </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">12</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> slimit </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> soffset </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> max_value(*) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-07T23:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),1d) slimit </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> soffset </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="row-and-column-control-over-query-results" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#row-and-column-control-over-query-results"><span>Row and Column Control over Query Results</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> limit</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> offset </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">100</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> slimit </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> soffset </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="order-by-clause" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#order-by-clause"><span><code>ORDER BY</code> CLAUSE</span></a></h3><h4 id="order-by-in-align-by-time-mode" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#order-by-in-align-by-time-mode"><span>Order by in ALIGN BY TIME mode</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> order by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> desc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="order-by-in-align-by-device-mode" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#order-by-in-align-by-device-mode"><span>Order by in ALIGN BY DEVICE mode</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> asc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> order by</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> asc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,device </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(*) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ((</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">+</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">08</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">03</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">+</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">08</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">],1m) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">asc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> asc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="order-by-arbitrary-expressions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#order-by-arbitrary-expressions"><span>Order by arbitrary expressions</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> score </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> score </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> score,total </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">one</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> base+score+bonus </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> score,total </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">one</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> total </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> base, score, bonus, total </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> total </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> NULLS</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> Last</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> score </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> NULLS</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> Last</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> bonus </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> NULLS</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> Last</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> desc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> min_value(total) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> min_value(total) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">asc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> min_value(total),max_value(base) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> max_value(total) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> score </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">order by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">asc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, score </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">desc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">time</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> asc</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="align-by-clause" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#align-by-clause"><span><code>ALIGN BY</code> CLAUSE</span></a></h3><h4 id="align-by-device" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#align-by-device"><span>Align by Device</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2017</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">11</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-01T00:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="into-clause-query-write-back" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#into-clause-query-write-back"><span><code>INTO</code> CLAUSE (QUERY WRITE-BACK)</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(t1), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2(t1, t2), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(t2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1 + s2), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">last_value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">agg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1_add_s2), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">agg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">last_value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">group by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ([</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">100</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), 10ms);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(t1, t2), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2(t1, t2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2 align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1 + s2 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">expr</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">add</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(d1s1_d1s2), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">expr</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">add</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(d2s1_d2s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2 align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Using variable placeholders:</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(::), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2(s1), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(${</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2(::)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">d3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">s4</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ::(s1_1, s2_2), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2_2(s3_3), </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.${</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}_copy.::(s4)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_bk</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.::(::) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2, s3, s4</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">backup_sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(s1, s2, s3, s4), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">backup_sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2(::), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d3(backup_${</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">4</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">})</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d3</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> avg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2) + </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s3), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s4)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">agg_</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">${</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}.::(avg_s1, sum_s2_add_s3, count_s4)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ::(backup_${</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">4</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">into</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1(t1, t2), aligned </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg_copy</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2(t1, t2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2 align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="maintennance" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#maintennance"><span>Maintennance</span></a></h2><p>Generate the corresponding query plan:</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" data-title="" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span>explain select s1,s2 from root.sg.d1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>Execute the corresponding SQL, analyze the execution and output:</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" data-title="" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span>explain analyze select s1,s2 from root.sg.d1 order by s1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="operator" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#operator"><span>OPERATOR</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html">Operator-and-Expression</a>.</p><h3 id="arithmetic-operators" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#arithmetic-operators"><span>Arithmetic Operators</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic Operators and Functions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, - s1, s2, + s2, s1 + s2, s1 - s2, s1 * s2, s1 / s2, s1 % s2 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="comparison-operators" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#comparison-operators"><span>Comparison Operators</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#comparison-operators">Comparison Operators and Functions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Basic</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> comparison operators</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> a, b, a </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, a </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> b, !(a </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> b), a </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> &amp;&amp; a </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> b </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># </span><span style="color:#98C379;">`BETWEEN ... AND ...`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> operator</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">between</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 36</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">5</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 40</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">not</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> between</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 36</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">5</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 40</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Fuzzy matching operator: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Use</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `Like`</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> for</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> fuzzy matching</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> value</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> like</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;%cc%&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.device </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> value</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> like</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;_b_&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Fuzzy matching operator: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Use</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `Regexp`</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> for</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> fuzzy matching</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> regexp </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;^[A-Za-z]+$&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> * </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> regexp </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;^[a-z]+$&#39;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 100</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> b, b </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">like</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;1%&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, b regexp </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;[0-2]&#39;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># </span><span style="color:#98C379;">`IS NULL`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> operator</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">is</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">is not null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># </span><span style="color:#98C379;">`IN`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> operator</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">in</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;200&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;300&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;400&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;500&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> code </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">not</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> in</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;200&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;300&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;400&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;500&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> a, a </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">in</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="logical-operators" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#logical-operators"><span>Logical Operators</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#logical-operators">Logical Operators</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> a, b, a </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, a </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> b, !(a </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> b), a </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 10</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> &amp;&amp; a </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> b </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="built-in-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#built-in-functions"><span>BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#built-in-functions">Operator-and-Expression</a>.</p><h3 id="aggregate-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#aggregate-functions"><span>Aggregate Functions</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">status</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> count_if(s1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> &amp; s2</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), count_if(s1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> &amp; s2</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">db</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> count_if(s1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> &amp; s2</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;ignoreNull&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;false&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), count_if(s1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> &amp; s2</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;ignoreNull&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;false&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">db</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> time_duration(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">db</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="arithmetic-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#arithmetic-functions"><span>Arithmetic Functions</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#arithmetic-functions">Arithmetic Operators and Functions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">sin</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">cos</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">tan</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">limit</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 5</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> offset </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s4,</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">round</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s4),</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">round</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s4,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">),</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">round</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s4,-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="comparison-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#comparison-functions"><span>Comparison Functions</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#comparison-functions">Comparison Operators and Functions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ts, on_off(ts, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;threshold&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ts, in_range(ts, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;lower&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;upper&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;3.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="string-processing-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#string-processing-functions"><span>String Processing Functions</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#string-processing-functions">String Processing</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, string_contains(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;s&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;warn&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d4;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, string_matches(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;regex&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;[^\\s]+37229&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d4;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">length</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">locate</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">locate</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;reverse&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, startswith(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, endswith(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">concat</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1, s2, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;target1&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;IoT&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;target2&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;DB&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">concat</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1, s2, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;target1&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;IoT&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;target2&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;DB&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;series_behind&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">substring</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> for</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">replace</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;es&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;tt&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">upper</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">lower</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s3, </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">trim</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s3) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2, strcmp(s1, s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> strreplace(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;replace&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;limit&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> strreplace(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;target&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;replace&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;/&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;limit&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;offset&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;reverse&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;true&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> regexmatch(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;regex&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;group&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;0&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> regexreplace(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;regex&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;192\.168\.0\.(\d+)&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;replace&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;cluster-$1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;limit&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> regexsplit(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;regex&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;index&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;-1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> regexsplit(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;regex&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;,&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;index&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="data-type-conversion-function" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#data-type-conversion-function"><span>Data Type Conversion Function</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#data-type-conversion-function">Data Type Conversion Function</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> cast</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> INT32) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="constant-timeseries-generating-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#constant-timeseries-generating-functions"><span>Constant Timeseries Generating Functions</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#constant-timeseries-generating-functions">Constant Timeseries Generating Functions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2, const(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;value&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;1024&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;INT64&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">pi</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2), e(s1, s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="selector-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#selector-functions"><span>Selector Functions</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#selector-functions">Selector Functions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, top_k(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;k&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), bottom_k(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;k&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &gt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">12</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-10T20:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">36</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">15</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">530</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">+</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">08</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="continuous-interval-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#continuous-interval-functions"><span>Continuous Interval Functions</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#continuous-interval-functions">Continuous Interval Functions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, zero_count(s1), non_zero_count(s2), zero_duration(s3), non_zero_duration(s4) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="variation-trend-calculation-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#variation-trend-calculation-functions"><span>Variation Trend Calculation Functions</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#variation-trend-calculation-functions">Variation Trend Calculation Functions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, time_difference(s1), </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">difference</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1), non_negative_difference(s1), derivative(s1), non_negative_derivative(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">limit</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 5</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> offset </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1000</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">; </span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> DIFF(s1), DIFF(s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> DIFF(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;ignoreNull&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;false&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), DIFF(s2, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;ignoreNull&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;false&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="sample-functions" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sample-functions"><span>Sample Functions</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#sample-functions">Sample Functions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> equal_size_bucket_random_sample(temperature,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> random_sample </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;avg&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> agg_avg, equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;max&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> agg_max, equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;min&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> agg_min, equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;sum&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> agg_sum, equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;extreme&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> agg_extreme, equal_size_bucket_agg_sample(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;variance&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> agg_variance </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> equal_size_bucket_m4_sample(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> M4_sample </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> equal_size_bucket_outlier_sample(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;avg&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;number&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> outlier_avg_sample, equal_size_bucket_outlier_sample(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;stendis&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;number&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> outlier_stendis_sample, equal_size_bucket_outlier_sample(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;cos&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;number&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> outlier_cos_sample, equal_size_bucket_outlier_sample(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;proportion&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;prenextdis&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;number&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> outlier_prenextdis_sample </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> M4(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;timeInterval&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;25&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;displayWindowBegin&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;displayWindowEnd&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;100&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">vehicle</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> M4(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;windowSize&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;10&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">vehicle</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="change-points-function" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#change-points-function"><span>Change Points Function</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html#change-points-function">Time-Series</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> change_points(s1), change_points(s2), change_points(s3), change_points(s4), change_points(s5), change_points(s6) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">testChangePoints</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="data-quality-function-library" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#data-quality-function-library"><span>DATA QUALITY FUNCTION LIBRARY</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html">Operator-and-Expression</a>.</p><h3 id="data-quality" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#data-quality"><span>Data Quality</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html#data-quality">Data-Quality</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Completeness</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> completeness(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">30</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> completeness(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;window&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;15&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Consistency</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> consistency(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">30</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> consistency(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;window&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;15&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Timeliness</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeliness(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">30</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timeliness(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;window&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;15&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Validity</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> Validity(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">30</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> Validity(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;window&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;15&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Accuracy</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> Accuracy(t1,t2,t3,m1,m2,m3) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="data-profiling" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#data-profiling"><span>Data Profiling</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html#data-profiling">Data-Profiling</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># ACF</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> acf(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Distinct</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select distinct</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Histogram</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> histogram</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;min&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;max&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;20&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;count&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;10&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Integral</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> integral(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">10</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> integral(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;unit&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;1m&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">10</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># IntegralAvg</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> integralavg(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">10</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Mad</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> mad(s0) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> mad(s0, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;error&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;0.01&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Median</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> median(s0, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;error&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;0.01&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># MinMax</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> minmax(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Mode</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> mode(s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># MvAvg</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> mvavg(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;window&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># PACF</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> pacf(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;lag&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;5&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Percentile</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> percentile(s0, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;rank&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;0.2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;error&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;0.01&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Quantile</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> quantile(s0, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;rank&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;0.2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;K&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;800&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Period</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> period</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d3</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># QLB</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> QLB(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Resample</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> resample</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;every&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;5m&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;interp&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;linear&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> resample</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;every&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;30m&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;aggr&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;first&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> resample</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;every&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;30m&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;start&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;2021-03-06 15:00:00&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Sample</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> sample</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;method&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;reservoir&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;k&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;5&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> sample</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;method&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;isometric&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;k&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;5&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Segment</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> segment(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;error&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;0.1&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Skew</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> skew(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Spline</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> spline(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;points&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;151&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Spread</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> spread(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">30</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Stddev</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> stddev(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># ZScore</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> zscore(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="anomaly-detection" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#anomaly-detection"><span>Anomaly Detection</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html#anomaly-detection">Anomaly-Detection</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># IQR</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> iqr(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># KSigma</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ksigma(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">30</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># LOF</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> lof(s1,s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1000</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> lof(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;method&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;series&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1000</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># MissDetect</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> missdetect(s2,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;minlen&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;10&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Range</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> range</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;lower_bound&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;101.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;upper_bound&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;125.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">30</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># TwoSidedFilter</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TwoSidedFilter(s0, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;len&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;5&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;threshold&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.3&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Outlier</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> outlier(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;r&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;5.0&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;k&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;4&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;w&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;10&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;s&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;5&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># MasterTrain</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> MasterTrain(lo,la,m_lo,m_la,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;p&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;3&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;eta&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;1.0&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># MasterDetect</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> MasterDetect(lo,la,m_lo,m_la,model,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;output_type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;repair&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;p&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;3&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;k&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;3&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;eta&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;1.0&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> MasterDetect(lo,la,m_lo,m_la,model,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;output_type&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;anomaly&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;p&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;3&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;k&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;3&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;eta&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;1.0&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="frequency-domain" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#frequency-domain"><span>Frequency Domain</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html#frequency-domain-analysis">Frequency-Domain</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Conv</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> conv(s1,s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Deconv</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> deconv(s3,s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> deconv(s3,s2,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;result&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;remainder&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># DWT</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> dwt(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;method&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;haar&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># FFT</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> fft(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> fft(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;result&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;real&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;compress&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.99&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), fft(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;result&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;imag&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;compress&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.99&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># HighPass</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> highpass(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;wpass&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.45&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># IFFT</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ifft(re, im, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;interval&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;1m&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;start&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;2021-01-01 00:00:00&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># LowPass</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> lowpass(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;wpass&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0.45&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Envelope</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> envelope(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="data-matching" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#data-matching"><span>Data Matching</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html#data-matching">Data-Matching</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Cov</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> cov(s1,s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># DTW</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> dtw(s1,s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Pearson</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> pearson(s1,s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># PtnSym</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ptnsym(s4, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;window&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;5&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;threshold&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;0&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># XCorr</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> xcorr(s1, s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">where</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> time</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2020</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">-</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">01</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">00</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">05</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="data-repairing" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#data-repairing"><span>Data Repairing</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html#data-repairing">Data-Repairing</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># TimestampRepair</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timestamprepair(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;interval&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;10000&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> timestamprepair(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># ValueFill</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> valuefill(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> valuefill(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;method&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;previous&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># ValueRepair</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> valuerepair(s1) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> valuerepair(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;method&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;LsGreedy&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># MasterRepair</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> MasterRepair(t1,t2,t3,m1,m2,m3) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># SeasonalRepair</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> seasonalrepair(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;period&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;k&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> seasonalrepair(s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;method&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;improved&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;period&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="series-discovery" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#series-discovery"><span>Series Discovery</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html#series-discovery">Series-Discovery</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># ConsecutiveSequences</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> consecutivesequences(s1,s2,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;gap&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;5m&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> consecutivesequences(s1,s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># ConsecutiveWindows</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> consecutivewindows(s1,s2,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;length&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;10m&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="machine-learning" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#machine-learning"><span>Machine Learning</span></a></h3><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html#machine-learning">Machine-Learning</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># AR</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ar(s0,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;p&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d0</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># Representation</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> representation(s0,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;tb&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;vb&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d0</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"># RM</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> rm(s0, s1,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;tb&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;3&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;vb&quot;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;2&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d0</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="lambda-expression" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#lambda-expression"><span>LAMBDA EXPRESSION</span></a></h2><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html#lambda-expression">Lambda</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> jexl(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;expr&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;x -&gt; {x + x}&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> jexl1, jexl(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;expr&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;x -&gt; {x * 3}&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> jexl2, jexl(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;expr&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;x -&gt; {x * x}&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> jexl3, jexl(temperature, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;expr&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;x -&gt; {multiply(x, 100)}&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> jexl4, jexl(temperature, st, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;expr&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;(x, y) -&gt; {x + y}&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> jexl5, jexl(temperature, st, str, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;expr&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;(x, y, z) -&gt; {x + y + z}&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> jexl6 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span><span style="color:#98C379;">```</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="conditional-expression" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#conditional-expression"><span>CONDITIONAL EXPRESSION</span></a></h2><p>For details and examples, see the document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> T, P, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">case</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1000</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">T </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">and</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> T</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1050</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> and</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1000000</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">P </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">and</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> P</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1100000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;good!&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> T</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> or</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> T</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1050</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;bad temperature&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> P</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1000000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> or</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> P</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1100000</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;bad pressure&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">end</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> as</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `result`</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> str, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">case</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> str </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">like</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;%cc%&quot;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;has cc&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> str </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">like</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;%dd%&quot;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;has dd&quot;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">else</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;no cc and dd&quot;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> end</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> as</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `result`</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test2</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">case</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> when</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> x</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> end</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `(-∞,1]`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">case</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">x </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">and</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> x</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> end</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `(1,3]`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">case</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 3</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">x </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">and</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> x</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;=</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">7</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> end</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `(3,7]`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#56B6C2;">count</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">case</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 7</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">x </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">then</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> end</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">as</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `(7,+∞)`</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test3</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> x, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">case</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> x </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;one&quot;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;two&quot;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> else</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;other&quot;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> end</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test4</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> x, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">case</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> x </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> true </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> false </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">end</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> as</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `result`</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test4</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">select</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> x, </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">case</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> x</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 2</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 222222222222222</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 3</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">when</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 4</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> then</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> 4</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">4444444444444</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">end</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> as</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `result`</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">test4</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="trigger" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#trigger"><span>TRIGGER</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/User-Manual/Database-Programming.html">Database-Programming</a>.</p><h3 id="create-trigger" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#create-trigger"><span>Create Trigger</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">// </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Create</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> Trigger</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">createTrigger</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> : </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> triggerType TRIGGER triggerName</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">identifier triggerEventClause </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ON</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> pathPattern </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">AS</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> className</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">STRING_LITERAL uriClause? triggerAttributeClause?</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">triggerType</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> : STATELESS | STATEFUL</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">triggerEventClause</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> : (</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">BEFORE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> | </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">AFTER</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">INSERT</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">uriClause</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> : </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">USING</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> URI uri</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">uri</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> : STRING_LITERAL</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">triggerAttributeClause</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> : </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">WITH</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> LR_BRACKET triggerAttribute (COMMA triggerAttribute)* RR_BRACKET</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">triggerAttribute</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> : </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">key</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">attributeKey operator_eq </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">value</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">attributeValue</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="drop-trigger" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#drop-trigger"><span>Drop Trigger</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">// </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">Drop</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> Trigger</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">dropTrigger</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> : </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">DROP</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> TRIGGER triggerName</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">identifier</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="show-trigger" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-trigger"><span>Show Trigger</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SHOW TRIGGERS</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="continuous-query-cq" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#continuous-query-cq"><span>CONTINUOUS QUERY (CQ)</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html">Operator-and-Expression</a>.</p><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (CONTINUOUS QUERY | CQ) </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">cq_id</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">[</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">RESAMPLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [EVERY &lt;every_interval&gt;]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [BOUNDARY &lt;execution_boundary_time&gt;]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [RANGE &lt;start_time_offset&gt;[, end_time_offset]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">] </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">[TIMEOUT POLICY BLOCKED|DISCARD]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">BEGIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> CLAUSE</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> INTO</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> CLAUSE</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FROM</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> CLAUSE</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [WHERE CLAUSE]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [GROUP BY(&lt;group_by_interval&gt;[, &lt;sliding_step&gt;]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#E06C75;">[, level = &lt;level&gt;]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [HAVING CLAUSE]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [FILL ({PREVIOUS | LINEAR | constant} (, interval=DURATION_LITERAL)?)]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [LIMIT rowLimit OFFSET rowOffset]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [ALIGN BY DEVICE]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">END</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="configuring-execution-intervals" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#configuring-execution-intervals"><span>Configuring execution intervals</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> CONTINUOUS QUERY cq1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">RESAMPLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> EVERY 20s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">BEGIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> max_value(temperature)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> INTO</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*.*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(10s)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">END</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="configuring-time-range-for-resampling" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#configuring-time-range-for-resampling"><span>Configuring time range for resampling</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> CONTINUOUS QUERY cq2</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">RESAMPLE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> RANGE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> 40s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">BEGIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> max_value(temperature)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> INTO</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*.*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(10s)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">END</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="configuring-execution-intervals-and-cq-time-ranges" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#configuring-execution-intervals-and-cq-time-ranges"><span>Configuring execution intervals and CQ time ranges</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> CONTINUOUS QUERY cq3</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">RESAMPLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> EVERY 20s </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">RANGE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> 40s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">BEGIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> max_value(temperature)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> INTO</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*.*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(10s)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> FILL(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">100</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">END</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="configuring-end-time-offset-for-cq-time-range" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#configuring-end-time-offset-for-cq-time-range"><span>Configuring end_time_offset for CQ time range</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> CONTINUOUS QUERY cq4</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">RESAMPLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> EVERY 20s </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">RANGE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> 40s, 20s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">BEGIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> max_value(temperature)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> INTO</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt02</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max), </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wf01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">wt01</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(temperature_max)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*.*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> GROUP BY</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(10s)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> FILL(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">100</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">END</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="cq-without-group-by-clause" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cq-without-group-by-clause"><span>CQ without group by clause</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> CONTINUOUS QUERY cq5</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">RESAMPLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> EVERY 20s</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">BEGIN</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> temperature + </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> INTO</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">precalculated_sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.::(temperature)</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">ln</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.*.*</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> align </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">by</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> device</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">END</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="cq-management" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#cq-management"><span>CQ Management</span></a></h3><h4 id="listing-continuous-queries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#listing-continuous-queries"><span>Listing continuous queries</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SHOW (CONTINUOUS QUERIES | CQS)</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="dropping-continuous-queries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#dropping-continuous-queries"><span>Dropping continuous queries</span></a></h4><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">DROP</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (CONTINUOUS QUERY | CQ) </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">cq_id</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="altering-continuous-queries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#altering-continuous-queries"><span>Altering continuous queries</span></a></h4><p>CQs can&#39;t be altered once they&#39;re created. To change a CQ, you must <code>DROP</code> and re<code>CREATE</code> it with the updated settings.</p><h2 id="user-defined-function-udf" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#user-defined-function-udf"><span>USER-DEFINED FUNCTION (UDF)</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/UDF-Libraries.html">Operator-and-Expression</a>.</p><h3 id="udf-registration" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#udf-registration"><span>UDF Registration</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FUNCTION</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">UDF-</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">NAME</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> AS</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">UDF-CLASS-FULL-PATHNAME</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">USING</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> URI URI-STRING)?</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="udf-deregistration" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#udf-deregistration"><span>UDF Deregistration</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">DROP</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FUNCTION</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">UDF-</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">NAME</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="udf-queries" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#udf-queries"><span>UDF Queries</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> example(*) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> example(s1, *) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> example(*, *) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">from</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> example(s1, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;key1&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;value1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;key2&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;value2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">), example(*, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;key3&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;value3&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> example(s1, s2, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;key1&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;value1&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;key2&#39;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;value2&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1;</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2, example(s1, s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> *, example(*) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">DISABLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ALIGN;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1 * example(* / s1 + s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">SELECT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> s1, s2, s1 + example(s1, s2), s1 - example(s1 + example(s1, s2) / s2) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">sg</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.d1;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="show-all-registered-udfs" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#show-all-registered-udfs"><span>Show All Registered UDFs</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">SHOW FUNCTIONS</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="administration-management" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#administration-management"><span>ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT</span></a></h2><p>For more details, see document <a class="route-link" href="/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/Operator-and-Expression.html">Operator-and-Expression</a>.</p><h3 id="sql-statements" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#sql-statements"><span>SQL Statements</span></a></h3><ul><li>Create user (Requires MANAGE_USER permission)</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">userName</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">password</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER user1 </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;passwd&#39;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Delete user (Requires MANAGE_USER permission)</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">DROP</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> USER</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">userName</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">DROP</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER user1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Create role (Requires MANAGE_ROLE permission)</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">roleName</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">CREATE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> role1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Delete role (Requires MANAGE_ROLE permission)</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">DROP</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">roleName</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">DROP</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> role1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Grant role to user (Requires MANAGE_ROLE permission)</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">ROLENAME</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> TO</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">USERNAME</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> admin</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> TO</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> user1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Revoke role from user(Requires MANAGE_ROLE permission)</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">REVOKE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">ROLENAME</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FROM</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">USER</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">REVOKE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> admin</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FROM</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> user1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>List all user (Requires MANAGE_USER permission)</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">LIST USER</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>List all role (Requires MANAGE_ROLE permission)</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">LIST </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ROLE</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>List all users granted specific role.(Requires MANAGE_USER permission)</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">LIST USER OF </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ROLE</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">roleName</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: LIST USER OF </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ROLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> roleuser</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>List all role granted to specific user.</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">LIST </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ROLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> OF USER </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">username</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: LIST </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ROLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> OF USER tempuser</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>List all privileges of user</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">LIST PRIVILEGES OF USER </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">username</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: LIST PRIVILEGES OF USER tempuser;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>List all privileges of role</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">LIST PRIVILEGES OF </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ROLE</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">roleName</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: LIST PRIVILEGES OF </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ROLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> actor;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Update password</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> USER</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">username</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> SET</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">password</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ALTER</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER tempuser </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">SET</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> PASSWORD</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;newpwd&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="authorization-and-deauthorization" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#authorization-and-deauthorization"><span>Authorization and Deauthorization</span></a></h3><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PRIVILEGES</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ON</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PATHS</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> TO</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">/USER </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">NAME</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> [WITH GRANT OPTION]</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> READ</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ON</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">TO</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> role1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> READ_DATA, WRITE_DATA </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ON</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">t1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">TO</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER user1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> READ_DATA, WRITE_DATA </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ON</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">t1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**,</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">t2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">TO</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER user1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> MANAGE_ROLE </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ON</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">TO</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER user1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">WITH</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> GRANT</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> OPTION</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">GRANT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ALL </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ON</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">TO</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER user1 </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">WITH</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> GRANT</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> OPTION</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">REVOKE</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PRIVILEGES</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ON</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> &lt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">PATHS</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> FROM</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">/USER </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">NAME</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">REVOKE</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> READ</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ON</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROLE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> role1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">REVOKE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> READ_DATA, WRITE_DATA </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ON</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">t1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER user1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">REVOKE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> READ_DATA, WRITE_DATA </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ON</span><span style="color:#D19A66;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">t1</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.**, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">t2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER user1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">REVOKE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> MANAGE_ROLE </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ON</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> root</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER user1;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">eg: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">REVOKE</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> ALL </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">ON</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> ROOT</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.** </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">FROM</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> USER user1;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="delete-time-partition-experimental-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#delete-time-partition-experimental-1"><span>Delete Time Partition (experimental)</span></a></h4><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" data-title="" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span>Eg: IoTDB &gt; DELETE PARTITION root.ln 0,1,2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="continuous-query-cq-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#continuous-query-cq-1"><span>Continuous Query,CQ</span></a></h4><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" data-title="" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span>Eg: IoTDB &gt; CREATE CONTINUOUS QUERY cq1 BEGIN SELECT max_value(temperature) INTO temperature_max FROM root.ln.*.* GROUP BY time(10s) END</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="maintenance-command" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#maintenance-command"><span>Maintenance Command</span></a></h4><ul><li>FLUSH</li></ul><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" data-title="" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span>Eg: IoTDB &gt; flush</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>MERGE</li></ul><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" data-title="" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span>Eg: IoTDB &gt; MERGE</span></span>
<span class="line"><span>Eg: IoTDB &gt; FULL MERGE</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>CLEAR CACHE</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">Eg: IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> CLEAR</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> CACHE</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>START REPAIR DATA</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">Eg: IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> START</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> REPAIR </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">DATA</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>STOP REPAIR DATA</li></ul><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="sql" data-title="sql" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">Eg: IoTDB </span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">&gt;</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> STOP</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> REPAIR </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">DATA</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>SET SYSTEM TO READONLY / WRITABLE</li></ul><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" data-title="" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span>Eg: IoTDB &gt; SET SYSTEM TO READONLY / WRITABLE</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><ul><li>Query abort</li></ul><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" data-title="" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;"><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code"><code><span class="line"><span>Eg: IoTDB &gt; KILL QUERY 1</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div></div><!----><footer class="vp-page-meta"><div class="vp-meta-item edit-link"><a class="auto-link external-link vp-meta-label" href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb-docs/edit/main/src/UserGuide/V1.3.x/SQL-Manual/SQL-Manual.md" aria-label="Found Error? Edit this page on GitHub" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" iconsizing="both"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon edit-icon" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" fill="currentColor" aria-label="edit icon" name="edit"><path d="M430.818 653.65a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-50.96-93.281l71.69-114.012 7.773-10.365L816.038 80.138A60.46 60.46 0 0 1 859.225 62a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 43.186 18.138l43.186 43.186a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 86.373L588.879 565.55l-8.637 8.637-117.466 68.234a60.46 60.46 0 0 1-31.958 11.229z"></path><path d="M728.802 962H252.891A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 62.008 771.98V296.934a190.883 190.883 0 0 1 190.883-192.61h267.754a60.46 60.46 0 0 1 0 120.92H252.891a69.962 69.962 0 0 0-69.098 69.099V771.98a69.962 69.962 0 0 0 69.098 69.098h475.911A69.962 69.962 0 0 0 797.9 771.98V503.363a60.46 60.46 0 1 1 120.922 0V771.98A190.883 190.883 0 0 1 728.802 962z"></path></svg><!--]-->Found Error? Edit this page on GitHub<!----></a></div><div class="vp-meta-item git-info"><div class="update-time"><span class="vp-meta-label">Last update: </span><span class="vp-meta-info" data-allow-mismatch="text">3/6/2025, 10:20:12 AM</span></div><!----></div></footer><!----><!----><!----><!--]--></main><!--]--><footer class="site-footer"><span id="doc-version" style="display:none;">V1.3.x</span><p class="copyright-text">Copyright © 2025 The Apache Software Foundation.
Apache IoTDB, IoTDB, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and the Apache IoTDB project logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation in all countries</p><p style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;color:#909399;font-size:12px;margin:0 30px;"><strong>Having questions?</strong> Connect with us on QQ, WeChat, or Slack. <a href="https://github.com/apache/iotdb/issues/1995">Join the community</a></p></footer></div><!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><!----><!--]--><!--]--></div>
<script type="module" src="/assets/app-C-fAkKj6.js" defer></script>
</body>
</html>