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| GitHub |
| <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>IoTDB用户手册 (In progress)</span> <!----></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>IoTDB简介</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>快速上手</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据模式与概念</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>语法约定</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/Reference/Syntax-Conventions.html" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">语法约定</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/Reference/Syntax-Conventions.html#旧语法约定中的问题-0-14-版本不兼容的语法" class="sidebar-link">旧语法约定中的问题（0.14 版本不兼容的语法）</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/Reference/Syntax-Conventions.html#字面值常量" class="sidebar-link">字面值常量</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/Reference/Syntax-Conventions.html#标识符" class="sidebar-link">标识符</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/Reference/Syntax-Conventions.html#路径结点名" class="sidebar-link">路径结点名</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/Reference/Syntax-Conventions.html#键值对" class="sidebar-link">键值对</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/Reference/Syntax-Conventions.html#关键字和保留字" class="sidebar-link">关键字和保留字</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/Reference/Syntax-Conventions.html#session、tsfile-api" class="sidebar-link">Session、TsFile API</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/zh/UserGuide/Master/Reference/Syntax-Conventions.html#了解更多" class="sidebar-link">了解更多</a></li></ul></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>应用编程接口</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>元数据操作</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据写入和删除</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据查询</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>数据处理</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>权限管理</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>运维工具</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>系统集成</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>分布式</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>UDF 资料库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>参考</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="content content__default"><h1 id="语法约定"><a href="#语法约定" class="header-anchor">#</a> 语法约定</h1> <h2 id="旧语法约定中的问题-0-14-版本不兼容的语法"><a href="#旧语法约定中的问题-0-14-版本不兼容的语法" class="header-anchor">#</a> 旧语法约定中的问题（0.14 版本不兼容的语法）</h2> <p>在之前版本的语法约定中，为了保持兼容性，我们引入了一些会引起歧义的规定。为了避免歧义，我们设计了新的语法约定，本章将说明旧语法约定中存在的问题，以及我们做出改动的原因。</p> <h3 id="标识符限制增强"><a href="#标识符限制增强" class="header-anchor">#</a> 标识符限制增强</h3> <p>在0.13及之前版本中，不使用反引号引用的标识符（包括路径结点）允许为纯数字（纯数字路径名在 <code>SELECT</code> 子句中需要用反引号括起），且允许包含部分特殊字符，<strong>在0.14版本中，不使用反引号引用的标识符不允许为纯数字，不使用反引号引用的标识符，只允许包含字母、中文字符、下划线。</strong></p> <h3 id="路径名使用的相关问题"><a href="#路径名使用的相关问题" class="header-anchor">#</a> 路径名使用的相关问题</h3> <p>在旧语法约定中，什么时候需要给路径结点名添加引号，用单双引号还是反引号的规则较为复杂，在新的语法约定中我们做了统一，具体可以参考本文档的相关章节。</p> <h4 id="单双引号和反引号的使用时机"><a href="#单双引号和反引号的使用时机" class="header-anchor">#</a> 单双引号和反引号的使用时机</h4> <p>在之前的语法约定中，路径结点名被定义成标识符，但是当需要在路径结点名中使用路径分隔符 . 时，需要使用单引号或者双引号引用。这与标识符使用反引号引用的规则相悖。</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 在之前的语法约定中，如果需要创建时间序列 root.sg.`www.baidu.com`，需要使用下述语句：</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token string">'www.baidu.com'</span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">BOOLEAN</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 该语句创建的时间序列实际为 root.sg.'www.baidu.com'，即引号一并存入,该时间序列的三个结点为{"root","sg","'www.baidu.com'"}</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 在查询语句中，如果希望查询该时间序列的数据，查询语句如下：</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token string">'www.baidu.com'</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>而在新语法约定中，特殊路径结点名统一使用反引号引用：</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 在现有语法约定中，如果需要创建时间序列 root.sg.`www.baidu.com`，语法如下：</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>www.baidu.com<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">BOOLEAN</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding <span class="token operator">=</span> PLAIN |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 查询该时间序列可以通过如下语句：</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>www.baidu.com<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h4 id="路径结点名内部使用引号的问题"><a href="#路径结点名内部使用引号的问题" class="header-anchor">#</a> 路径结点名内部使用引号的问题</h4> <p>在旧语法约定中，在路径结点名中使用单引号 ' 和 双引号 " 时，需要使用反斜杠 \ 进行转义，且反斜杠会被视为路径结点名的一部分存入，而在使用其它标识符时没有这个限制，造成了不统一。</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建时间序列 root.sg.\"a</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>\"a<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">TEXT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 查询时间序列 root.sg.\"a</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>\"a<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-----------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">Time</span><span class="token operator">|</span>root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>\"a<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-----------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token number">1970</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span>T08:<span class="token number">00</span>:<span class="token number">00.004</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">08</span>:<span class="token number">00</span><span class="token operator">|</span> test<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-----------+</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>在新语法约定中，特殊路径结点名统一使用反引号进行引用，在路径结点名中使用单双引号无须添加反斜杠转义，使用反引号需要双写，具体可以参考新语法约定路径结点名章节。</p> <h3 id="session-接口相关"><a href="#session-接口相关" class="header-anchor">#</a> Session 接口相关</h3> <h4 id="session-接口语法限制"><a href="#session-接口语法限制" class="header-anchor">#</a> Session 接口语法限制</h4> <p>在0.13版本中，对于非SQL接口中使用路径结点的限制如下：</p> <ul><li>经参数传入的路径或路径前缀中的节点： |
| <ul><li>在 SQL 语句中需要使用反引号（`）进行转义的，此处均不需要进行转义。</li> <li>使用单引号或双引号括起的节点，仍需要使用单引号或双引号括起，并且要针对 JAVA 字符串进行反转义。</li> <li>对于 <code>checkTimeseriesExists</code> 接口，由于内部调用了 IoTDB-SQL 接口，因此需要和 SQL 语法规范保持一致，并且针对 JAVA 字符串进行反转义。</li></ul></li></ul> <p><strong>0.14 版本中，对非SQL接口中使用路径结点的限制增强：</strong></p> <ul><li><p><strong>经参数传入的路径或路径前缀中的节点： 在 SQL 语句中需要使用反引号（`）进行转义的，均需要使用反引号进行转义。</strong></p></li> <li><p><strong>语法说明相关代码示例可以参考：</strong><code>example/session/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/SyntaxConventionRelatedExample.java</code></p></li></ul> <h4 id="sql和session接口对字符串反转义处理不一致"><a href="#sql和session接口对字符串反转义处理不一致" class="header-anchor">#</a> SQL和Session接口对字符串反转义处理不一致</h4> <p>在之前版本中，使用字符串时，SQL 和 Session 接口存在不一致的情况。比如使用 SQL 插入 Text 类型数据时，会对字符串进行反转义处理，而使用 Session 接口时不会进行这样的处理，存在不一致。<strong>在新的语法约定中，我们统一不对字符串做反转义处理，存入什么内容，在查询时就会得到什么内容(字符串内部使用单双引号的规则可以参考本文档字符串常量章节)。</strong></p> <p>下面是旧语法约定中不一致的例子：</p> <p>使用 Session 的 insertRecord 方法向时序 root.sg.a 中插入数据</p> <div class="language-Java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token comment">// session 插入</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">String</span> deviceId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root.sg"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">List</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> measurements <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ArrayList</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| measurements<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"a"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> values <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"\\\\"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"\\t"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"\\\""</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"\\u96d5"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><=</span> values<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">List</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> valueList <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ArrayList</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| valueList<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>values<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insertRecord</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>deviceId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> measurements<span class="token punctuation">,</span> valueList<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>查询 root.sg.a 的数据，可以看到没有做反转义处理：</p> <div class="language-Plain%20Text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>// 查询结果 |
| +-----------------------------+---------+ |
| | Time|root.sg.a| |
| +-----------------------------+---------+ |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00| \\| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00| \t| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00| \"| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00| \u96d5| |
| +-----------------------------+---------+ |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><p>而使用 SQL 向 root.sg.a 中插入数据</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># SQL 插入</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"\\"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"\t"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"\""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"\u96d5"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>查询 root.sg.a 的数据，可以看到字符串进行了反转义：</p> <div class="language-Plain%20Text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>// 查询结果 |
| +-----------------------------+---------+ |
| | Time|root.sg.a| |
| +-----------------------------+---------+ |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.001+08:00| \| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.002+08:00| | |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.003+08:00| "| |
| |1970-01-01T08:00:00.004+08:00| 雕| |
| +-----------------------------+---------+ |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><h2 id="字面值常量"><a href="#字面值常量" class="header-anchor">#</a> 字面值常量</h2> <p>该部分对 IoTDB 中支持的字面值常量进行说明，包括字符串常量、数值型常量、时间戳常量、布尔型常量和空值。</p> <h3 id="字符串常量"><a href="#字符串常量" class="header-anchor">#</a> 字符串常量</h3> <blockquote><p>我们参照了 MySQL 对 字符串的定义：A string is a sequence of bytes or characters, enclosed within either single quote (<code>'</code>) or double quote (<code>"</code>) characters.</p></blockquote> <p>MySQL 对字符串的定义可以参考：<a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-literals.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 9.1.1 String Literals<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <p>即在 IoTDB 中，字符串是由<strong>单引号（<code>'</code>）或双引号（<code>"</code>）字符括起来的字符序列</strong>。示例如下：</p> <div class="language-Plain%20Text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>'a string' |
| "another string" |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h4 id="使用场景"><a href="#使用场景" class="header-anchor">#</a> 使用场景</h4> <ul><li><p><code>INSERT</code> 或者 <code>SELECT</code> 中用于表达 <code>TEXT</code> 类型数据的场景。</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># insert 示例</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf02<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt02<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>hardware<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'v1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf02<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt02<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>hardware<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'\\'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+--------------------------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">Time</span><span class="token operator">|</span>root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf02<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt02<span class="token punctuation">.</span>hardware<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+--------------------------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token number">1970</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span>T08:<span class="token number">00</span>:<span class="token number">00.001</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">08</span>:<span class="token number">00</span><span class="token operator">|</span> v1<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+--------------------------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token number">1970</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span>T08:<span class="token number">00</span>:<span class="token number">00.002</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">08</span>:<span class="token number">00</span><span class="token operator">|</span> \\<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+--------------------------+</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># select 示例</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">select</span> code <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1 <span class="token keyword">where</span> code <span class="token operator">in</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'string1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'string2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p><code>LOAD</code> / <code>REMOVE</code> / <code>SETTLE</code> 指令中的文件路径。</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># load 示例</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">LOAD</span> <span class="token string">'examplePath'</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># remove 示例</span> |
| REMOVE <span class="token string">'examplePath'</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># SETTLE 示例</span> |
| SETTLE <span class="token string">'examplePath'</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>用户密码。</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 示例，write_pwd 即为用户密码</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> ln_write_user <span class="token string">'write_pwd'</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>触发器和 UDF 中的类全类名，示例如下：</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 触发器示例，AS 后使用字符串表示类全类名</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TRIGGER</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>alert-listener-sg1d1s1<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> |
| <span class="token keyword">AFTER</span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">ON</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.trigger.example.AlertListener'</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| <span class="token string">'lo'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'0'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token string">'hi'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'100.0'</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># UDF 示例，AS 后使用字符串表示类全类名</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FUNCTION</span> example <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'org.apache.iotdb.udf.UDTFExample'</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>Select 子句中可以为结果集中的值指定别名，别名可以被定义为字符串或者标识符，示例如下：</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token string">'temperature'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s2 <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token string">'speed'</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf01<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt01<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 表头如下所示</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-----------|-----+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">Time</span><span class="token operator">|</span>temperature<span class="token operator">|</span>speed<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-----------|-----+</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>用于表示键值对，键值对的键和值可以被定义成常量（包括字符串）或者标识符，具体请参考键值对章节。</p></li></ul> <h4 id="如何在字符串内使用引号"><a href="#如何在字符串内使用引号" class="header-anchor">#</a> 如何在字符串内使用引号</h4> <ul><li><p>在单引号引起的字符串内，双引号无需特殊处理。同理，在双引号引起的字符串内，单引号无需特殊处理。</p></li> <li><p>在引号前使用转义符 (\)。</p></li> <li><p>在单引号引起的字符串里，可以通过双写单引号来表示一个单引号，即单引号 ' 可以表示为 ''。</p></li> <li><p>在双引号引起的字符串里，可以通过双写双引号来表示一个双引号，即双引号 " 可以表示为 ""。</p></li></ul> <p>字符串内使用引号的示例如下：</p> <div class="language-Plain%20Text line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>'string' // string |
| '"string"' // "string" |
| '""string""' // ""string"" |
| 'str\'ing' // str'ing |
| '\'string' // 'string |
| '''string' // 'string |
| |
| "string" // string |
| "'string'" // 'string' |
| "''string''" // ''string'' |
| "str\"ing" // str"ing |
| "\"string" // "string |
| """string" // "string |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h3 id="数值型常量"><a href="#数值型常量" class="header-anchor">#</a> 数值型常量</h3> <p>数值型常量包括整型和浮点型。</p> <p>整型常量是一个数字序列。可以以 <code>+</code> 或 <code>-</code> 开头表示正负。例如：<code>1</code>, <code>-1</code>。</p> <p>带有小数部分或由科学计数法表示的为浮点型常量，例如：<code>.1</code>, <code>3.14</code>, <code>-2.23</code>, <code>+1.70</code>, <code>1.2E3</code>, <code>1.2E-3</code>, <code>-1.2E3</code>, <code>-1.2E-3</code>。</p> <p>在 IoTDB 中，<code>INT32</code> 和 <code>INT64</code> 表示整数类型（计算是准确的），<code>FLOAT</code> 和 <code>DOUBLE</code> 表示浮点数类型（计算是近似的）。</p> <p>在浮点上下文中可以使用整数，它会被解释为等效的浮点数。</p> <h3 id="时间戳常量"><a href="#时间戳常量" class="header-anchor">#</a> 时间戳常量</h3> <p>时间戳是一个数据到来的时间点，在 IoTDB 中分为绝对时间戳和相对时间戳。详细信息可参考 <a href="https://iotdb.apache.org/zh/UserGuide/Master/Data-Concept/Data-Type.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">数据类型文档<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>。</p> <p>特别地，<code>NOW()</code>表示语句开始执行时的服务端系统时间戳。</p> <h3 id="布尔型常量"><a href="#布尔型常量" class="header-anchor">#</a> 布尔型常量</h3> <p>布尔值常量 <code>TRUE</code> 和 <code>FALSE</code> 分别等价于 <code>1</code> 和 <code>0</code>，它们对大小写不敏感。</p> <h3 id="空值"><a href="#空值" class="header-anchor">#</a> 空值</h3> <p><code>NULL</code>值表示没有数据。<code>NULL</code>对大小写不敏感。</p> <h2 id="标识符"><a href="#标识符" class="header-anchor">#</a> 标识符</h2> <h3 id="使用场景-2"><a href="#使用场景-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> 使用场景</h3> <p>在 IoTDB 中，触发器名称、UDF函数名、元数据模板名称、用户与角色名、连续查询标识、Pipe、PipeSink、键值对中的键和值、别名等可以作为标识符。</p> <h3 id="约束"><a href="#约束" class="header-anchor">#</a> 约束</h3> <p>请注意，此处约束是标识符的通用约束，具体标识符可能还附带其它约束条件，如用户名限制字符数大于等于4，更严格的约束请参考具体标识符相关的说明文档。</p> <p><strong>标识符命名有以下约束：</strong></p> <ul><li><p>不使用反引号括起的标识符中，允许出现以下字符：</p> <ul><li>[ 0-9 a-z A-Z _ ] （字母，数字，下划线）</li> <li>['\u2E80'..'\u9FFF'] （UNICODE 中文字符）</li></ul></li> <li><p>标识符允许使用数字开头、不使用反引号括起的标识符不能全部为数字。</p></li> <li><p>标识符是大小写敏感的。</p></li> <li><p>标识符允许为关键字。</p></li></ul> <p><strong>如果出现如下情况，标识符需要使用反引号进行引用：</strong></p> <ul><li>标识符包含不允许的特殊字符。</li> <li>标识符为纯数字。</li></ul> <h3 id="如何在反引号引起的标识符中使用引号"><a href="#如何在反引号引起的标识符中使用引号" class="header-anchor">#</a> 如何在反引号引起的标识符中使用引号</h3> <p><strong>在反引号引起的标识符中可以直接使用单引号和双引号。</strong></p> <p><strong>在用反引号引用的标识符中，可以通过双写反引号的方式使用反引号，即 ` 可以表示为 ``</strong>，示例如下：</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建模板 t1`t</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> <span class="token keyword">schema</span> template <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>t1``t<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">(</span>temperature <span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>RLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">status</span> <span class="token keyword">BOOLEAN</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN compression<span class="token operator">=</span>SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 创建模板 t1't"t</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> <span class="token keyword">schema</span> template <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>t1't"t<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">(</span>temperature <span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>RLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">status</span> <span class="token keyword">BOOLEAN</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN compression<span class="token operator">=</span>SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><h3 id="特殊情况示例"><a href="#特殊情况示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> 特殊情况示例</h3> <p>需要使用反引号进行引用的部分情况示例：</p> <ul><li><p>触发器名称出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用：</p> <div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建触发器 alert.`listener-sg1d1s1</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TRIGGER</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>alert.``listener-sg1d1s1<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> |
| <span class="token keyword">AFTER</span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">ON</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.trigger.example.AlertListener'</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| <span class="token string">'lo'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'0'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token string">'hi'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'100.0'</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>UDF 名称出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用：</p> <div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建名为 111 的 UDF，111 为纯数字，所以需要用反引号引用。</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">FUNCTION</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'org.apache.iotdb.udf.UDTFExample'</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>元数据模板名称出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用：</p> <div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建名为 111 的元数据模板，111 为纯数字，需要用反引号引用。</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> <span class="token keyword">schema</span> template <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">(</span>temperature <span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>RLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">status</span> <span class="token keyword">BOOLEAN</span> encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN compression<span class="token operator">=</span>SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>用户名、角色名出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用，同时无论是否使用反引号引用，用户名、角色名中均不允许出现空格，具体请参考权限管理章节中的说明。</p> <div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建用户 special`user.</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>special``user.<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token string">'write_pwd'</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 创建角色 111</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> ROLE <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>连续查询标识出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用：</p> <div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建连续查询 test.cq</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> CONTINUOUS QUERY <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>test.cq<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> |
| <span class="token keyword">BEGIN</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> max_value<span class="token punctuation">(</span>temperature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> temperature_max |
| <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">END</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>Pipe、PipeSink 名称出现上述特殊情况时需使用反引号引用：</p> <div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建 PipeSink test.*1</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> PIPESINK <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>test.*1<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">AS</span> IoTDB <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ip'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'输入你的IP'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 创建 Pipe test.*2</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> PIPE <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>test.*2<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>test.*1<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token operator">>=</span>yyyy<span class="token operator">-</span>mm<span class="token operator">-</span>dd HH:MM:SS<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token string">'SyncDelOp'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'true'</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>Select 子句中可以结果集中的值指定别名，别名可以被定义为字符串或者标识符，示例如下：</p> <div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">as</span> temperature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s2 <span class="token keyword">as</span> speed <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wf01<span class="token punctuation">.</span>wt01<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token comment"># 表头如下所示</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-----------+-----+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">Time</span><span class="token operator">|</span>temperature<span class="token operator">|</span>speed<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-----------+-----+</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>用于表示键值对，键值对的键和值可以被定义成常量（包括字符串）或者标识符，具体请参考键值对章节。</p></li></ul> <h2 id="路径结点名"><a href="#路径结点名" class="header-anchor">#</a> 路径结点名</h2> <p>路径结点名是特殊的标识符，其还可以是通配符 * 或 **。在创建时间序列时，各层级的路径结点名不能为通配符 * 或 **。在查询语句中，可以用通配符 * 或 ** 来表示路径结点名，以匹配一层或多层路径。</p> <h3 id="通配符"><a href="#通配符" class="header-anchor">#</a> 通配符</h3> <p><code>*</code>在路径中表示一层。例如<code>root.vehicle.*.sensor1</code>代表的是以<code>root.vehicle</code>为前缀，以<code>sensor1</code>为后缀，层次等于 4 层的路径。</p> <p><code>**</code>在路径中表示是（<code>*</code>）+，即为一层或多层<code>*</code>。例如<code>root.vehicle.device1.**</code>代表的是<code>root.vehicle.device1.*</code>, <code>root.vehicle.device1.*.*</code>, <code>root.vehicle.device1.*.*.*</code>等所有以<code>root.vehicle.device1</code>为前缀路径的大于等于 4 层的路径；<code>root.vehicle.**.sensor1</code>代表的是以<code>root.vehicle</code>为前缀，以<code>sensor1</code>为后缀，层次大于等于 4 层的路径。</p> <p>由于通配符 * 在查询表达式中也可以表示乘法符号，下述例子用于帮助您区分两种情况：</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建时间序列 root.sg.`a*b`</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>a*b<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token comment"># 请注意，如标识符部分所述，a*b包含特殊字符，需要用``括起来使用</span> |
| <span class="token comment"># create timeseries root.sg.a*b with datatype=FLOAT,encoding=PLAIN 是错误用法</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 创建时间序列 root.sg.a</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>a <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 创建时间序列 root.sg.b</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>b <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 查询时间序列 root.sg.`a*b`</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>a*b<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg |
| <span class="token comment"># 其结果集表头为</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token keyword">Time</span><span class="token operator">|</span>root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>a<span class="token operator">*</span>b<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 查询时间序列 root.sg.a 和 root.sg.b的乘积</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">select</span> a<span class="token operator">*</span>b <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg |
| <span class="token comment"># 其结果集表头为</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token keyword">Time</span><span class="token operator">|</span>root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>a <span class="token operator">*</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>b<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><h3 id="标识符-2"><a href="#标识符-2" class="header-anchor">#</a> 标识符</h3> <p>路径结点名不为通配符时，使用方法和标识符一致。<strong>在 SQL 中需要使用反引号引用的路径结点，在结果集中也会用反引号引起。</strong></p> <p>需要使用反引号进行引用的部分特殊情况示例：</p> <ul><li>创建时间序列时，如下情况需要使用反引号对特殊节点名进行引用：</li></ul> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 路径结点名中包含特殊字符，时间序列各结点为["root","sg","www.`baidu.com"]</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>www.``baidu.com<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>a <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 路径结点名为纯数字</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>依次执行示例中语句后，执行 show timeseries，结果如下：</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">---------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span> timeseries<span class="token operator">|</span>alias<span class="token operator">|</span>storage <span class="token keyword">group</span><span class="token operator">|</span>dataType<span class="token operator">|</span>encoding<span class="token operator">|</span>compression<span class="token operator">|</span>tags<span class="token operator">|</span>attributes<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">---------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>a<span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token operator">|</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token operator">|</span> PLAIN<span class="token operator">|</span> SNAPPY<span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span>root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>www.``baidu.com<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>a<span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token operator">|</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token operator">|</span> PLAIN<span class="token operator">|</span> SNAPPY<span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token boolean">null</span><span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">---------------------------+-----+-------------+--------+--------+-----------+----+----------+</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><ul><li>插入数据时，如下情况需要使用反引号对特殊节点名进行引用：</li></ul> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 路径结点名中包含特殊字符</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>www.``baidu.com<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 路径结点名为纯数字</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><ul><li>查询数据时，如下情况需要使用反引号对特殊节点名进行引用：</li></ul> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 路径结点名中包含特殊字符</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">select</span> a <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>www.``baidu.com<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 路径结点名为纯数字</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>结果集分别为：</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># select a from root.sg.`www.``baidu.com` 结果集</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+---------------------------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">Time</span><span class="token operator">|</span>root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>www.``baidu.com<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>a<span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+---------------------------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token number">1970</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span>T08:<span class="token number">00</span>:<span class="token number">00.001</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">08</span>:<span class="token number">00</span><span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token number">2.0</span><span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+---------------------------+</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># select `111` from root.sg 结果集</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-------------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">Time</span><span class="token operator">|</span>root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span><span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-------------+</span> |
| <span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token number">1970</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">01</span>T08:<span class="token number">00</span>:<span class="token number">00.001</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">08</span>:<span class="token number">00</span><span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token number">2.0</span><span class="token operator">|</span> |
| <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token comment">-----------------------------+-------------+</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><h2 id="键值对"><a href="#键值对" class="header-anchor">#</a> 键值对</h2> <p><strong>键值对的键和值可以被定义为标识符或者常量。</strong></p> <p>下面将介绍键值对的使用场景。</p> <ul><li>触发器中表示触发器属性的键值对。参考示例语句中 WITH 后的属性键值对。</li></ul> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 以字符串形式表示键值对</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TRIGGER</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>alert-listener-sg1d1s1<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> |
| <span class="token keyword">AFTER</span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">ON</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.trigger.example.AlertListener'</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| <span class="token string">'lo'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'0'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token string">'hi'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'100.0'</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 以标识符和常量形式表示键值对</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TRIGGER</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>alert-listener-sg1d1s1<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> |
| <span class="token keyword">AFTER</span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">ON</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 |
| <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'org.apache.iotdb.db.engine.trigger.example.AlertListener'</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| lo <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| hi <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100.0</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><ul><li>时间序列中用于表示标签和属性的键值对。</li></ul> <div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建时间序列时设定标签和属性，用字符串来表示键值对。</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">(</span>temprature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> datatype <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding <span class="token operator">=</span> RLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compression <span class="token operator">=</span> SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'max_point_number'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'5'</span> |
| TAGS<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'tag1'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'v1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'tag2'</span><span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'v2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> ATTRIBUTES<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'attr1'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'v1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'attr2'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'v2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 创建时间序列时设定标签和属性，用标识符和常量来表示键值对。</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">(</span>temprature<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> datatype <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> encoding <span class="token operator">=</span> RLE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> compression <span class="token operator">=</span> SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">,</span> max_point_number <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">5</span> |
| TAGS<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tag1 <span class="token operator">=</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tag2 <span class="token operator">=</span> v2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ATTRIBUTES<span class="token punctuation">(</span>attr1 <span class="token operator">=</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> attr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> v2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 修改时间序列的标签和属性</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token string">'newTag1'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'newV1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'attr1'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'newV1'</span> |
| |
| <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 <span class="token keyword">SET</span> newTag1 <span class="token operator">=</span> newV1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> attr1 <span class="token operator">=</span> newV1 |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 修改标签名</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 <span class="token keyword">RENAME</span> <span class="token string">'tag1'</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'newTag1'</span> |
| |
| <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 <span class="token keyword">RENAME</span> tag1 <span class="token keyword">TO</span> newTag1 |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 插入别名、标签、属性</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 UPSERT |
| ALIAS<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'newAlias'</span> TAGS<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'tag2'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'newV2'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'tag3'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'v3'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> ATTRIBUTES<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'attr3'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'v3'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'attr4'</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'v4'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 UPSERT |
| ALIAS <span class="token operator">=</span> newAlias TAGS<span class="token punctuation">(</span>tag2 <span class="token operator">=</span> newV2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tag3 <span class="token operator">=</span> v3<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ATTRIBUTES<span class="token punctuation">(</span>attr3 <span class="token operator">=</span> v3<span class="token punctuation">,</span> attr4 <span class="token operator">=</span> v4<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 添加新的标签</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 <span class="token keyword">ADD</span> TAGS <span class="token string">'tag3'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'v3'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'tag4'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'v4'</span> |
| |
| <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 <span class="token keyword">ADD</span> TAGS tag3 <span class="token operator">=</span> v3<span class="token punctuation">,</span> tag4 <span class="token operator">=</span> v4 |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 添加新的属性</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 <span class="token keyword">ADD</span> ATTRIBUTES <span class="token string">'attr3'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'v3'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'attr4'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'v4'</span> |
| |
| <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>turbine<span class="token punctuation">.</span>d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s1 <span class="token keyword">ADD</span> ATTRIBUTES attr3 <span class="token operator">=</span> v3<span class="token punctuation">,</span> attr4 <span class="token operator">=</span> v4 |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><div class="language-sql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 查询符合条件的时间序列信息</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span> WHRER <span class="token string">'unit'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'c'</span> |
| |
| <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ln<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span> WHRER unit <span class="token operator">=</span> c |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><ul><li>创建 Pipe 以及 PipeSink 时表示属性的键值对。</li></ul> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token comment"># 创建 PipeSink 时表示属性</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> PIPESINK my_iotdb <span class="token keyword">AS</span> IoTDB <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ip'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'输入你的IP'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 创建 Pipe 时在 WITH 子句中表示属性</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> PIPE my_pipe <span class="token keyword">TO</span> my_iotdb <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">time</span><span class="token operator">>=</span>yyyy<span class="token operator">-</span>mm<span class="token operator">-</span>dd HH:MM:SS<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token string">'SyncDelOp'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'true'</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><h2 id="关键字和保留字"><a href="#关键字和保留字" class="header-anchor">#</a> 关键字和保留字</h2> <p>关键字是在 SQL 具有特定含义的词，可以作为标识符。保留字是关键字的一个子集，保留字不能用于标识符。</p> <p>关于 IoTDB 的关键字和保留字列表，可以查看 <a href="https://iotdb.apache.org/zh/UserGuide/Master/Reference/Keywords.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">关键字和保留字<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 。</p> <h2 id="session、tsfile-api"><a href="#session、tsfile-api" class="header-anchor">#</a> Session、TsFile API</h2> <p>在使用Session、TsFIle API时，如果您调用的方法需要以字符串形式传入物理量（measurement）、设备（device）、存储组（storage group）、路径（path）等参数，<strong>请保证所传入字符串与使用 SQL 语句时的写法一致</strong>，下面是一些帮助您理解的例子。具体代码示例可以参考：<code>example/session/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/SyntaxConventionRelatedExample.java</code></p> <ol><li>以创建时间序列 createTimeseries 为例：</li></ol> <div class="language-Java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">createTimeseries</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">String</span> path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">TSDataType</span> dataType<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">TSEncoding</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">CompressionType</span> compressor<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">IoTDBConnectionException</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">StatementExecutionException</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>如果您希望创建时间序列 root.sg.a，root.sg.`a.``"b`，root.sg.`111`，您使用的 SQL 语句应该如下所示：</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">create</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span>a <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN<span class="token punctuation">,</span>compressor<span class="token operator">=</span>SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 路径结点名中包含特殊字符，时间序列各结点为["root","sg","a.`\"b"]</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>a.``"b<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN<span class="token punctuation">,</span>compressor<span class="token operator">=</span>SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 路径结点名为纯数字</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">create</span> timeseries root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">with</span> datatype<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">FLOAT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>encoding<span class="token operator">=</span>PLAIN<span class="token punctuation">,</span>compressor<span class="token operator">=</span>SNAPPY<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>您在调用 createTimeseries 方法时，应该按照如下方法赋值 path 字符串，保证 path 字符串内容与使用 SQL 时一致：</p> <div class="language-Java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token comment">// 时间序列 root.sg.a</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">String</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root.sg.a"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment">// 时间序列 root.sg.`a``"b`</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">String</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root.sg.`a``\"b`"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment">// 时间序列 root.sg.`111`</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">String</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root.sg.`111`"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><ol start="2"><li>以插入数据 insertRecord 为例：</li></ol> <div class="language-Java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">insertRecord</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">String</span> deviceId<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">long</span> time<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">List</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> measurements<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">List</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">TSDataType</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> types<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> values<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">IoTDBConnectionException</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">StatementExecutionException</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>如果您希望向时间序列 root.sg.a，root.sg.`a.``"b`，root.sg.`111`中插入数据，您使用的 SQL 语句应该如下所示：</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">insert</span> <span class="token keyword">into</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>a.``"b<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">values</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>您在调用 insertRecord 方法时，应该按照如下方法赋值 deviceId 和 measurements：</p> <div class="language-Java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token comment">// deviceId 为 root.sg</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">String</span> deviceId <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"root.sg"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment">// measurements</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> measurements <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"a"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"`a.``\"b`"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"`111`"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">List</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> measurementList <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Arrays</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">asList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>measurements<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><ol start="3"><li>以查询数据 executeRawDataQuery 为例：</li></ol> <div class="language-Java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">SessionDataSet</span> <span class="token function">executeRawDataQuery</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">List</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> paths<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">long</span> startTime<span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">long</span> endTime<span class="token punctuation">)</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">StatementExecutionException</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">IoTDBConnectionException</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>如果您希望查询时间序列 root.sg.a，root.sg.`a.``"b`，root.sg.`111`的数据，您使用的 SQL 语句应该如下所示：</p> <div class="language-SQL line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sql"><code><span class="token keyword">select</span> a <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 路径结点名中包含特殊字符</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>a.``"b<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg<span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="token comment"># 路径结点名为纯数字</span> |
| <span class="token keyword">select</span> <span class="token identifier"><span class="token punctuation">`</span>111<span class="token punctuation">`</span></span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> root<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sg |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>您在调用 executeRawDataQuery 方法时，应该按照如下方法赋值 paths：</p> <div class="language-Java line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token comment">// paths</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> paths <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"root.sg.a"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"root.sg.`a.``\"b`"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"root.sg.`111`"</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token class-name">List</span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> pathList <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Arrays</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">asList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>paths<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h2 id="了解更多"><a href="#了解更多" class="header-anchor">#</a> 了解更多</h2> <p>请阅读代码仓库中的词法和语法描述文件：</p> <p>词法文件：<code>antlr/src/main/antlr4/org/apache/iotdb/db/qp/sql/IoTDBSqlLexer.g4</code></p> <p>语法文件：<code>antlr/src/main/antlr4/org/apache/iotdb/db/qp/sql/IoTDBSqlParser.g4</code></p></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"> |
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