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 <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Source of the Rust file `/root/.cargo/git/checkouts/incubator-teaclave-crates-c8106113f74feefc/ede1f68/image/./src/image.rs`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang"><title>image.rs - source</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../SourceSerif4-Regular.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../FiraSans-Regular.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../FiraSans-Medium.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../SourceCodePro-Regular.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../SourceSerif4-Bold.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../SourceCodePro-Semibold.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../normalize.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../rustdoc.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../ayu.css" disabled><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../dark.css" disabled><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../light.css" id="themeStyle"><script id="default-settings" ></script><script src="../../storage.js"></script><script defer src="../../source-script.js"></script><script defer src="../../source-files.js"></script><script defer src="../../main.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../noscript.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../favicon.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc source"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><a class="sidebar-logo" href="../../image/index.html"><div class="logo-container"><img class="rust-logo" src="../../rust-logo.svg" alt="logo"></div></a></nav><main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><a class="sub-logo-container" href="../../image/index.html"><img class="rust-logo" src="../../rust-logo.svg" alt="logo"></a><form class="search-form"><div class="search-container"><span></span><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" title="help" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../help.html">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../wheel.svg"></a></div></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="example-wrap"><pre class="src-line-numbers"><span id="1">1</span>
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 </pre><pre class="rust"><code><span class="attribute">#![allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 </span><span class="kw">use </span>std::convert::TryFrom;
 <span class="kw">use </span>std::ffi::OsStr;
 <span class="kw">use </span>std::io;
 <span class="kw">use </span>std::io::Read;
 <span class="kw">use </span>std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 <span class="kw">use </span>std::path::Path;
 <span class="kw">use </span>std::usize;

 <span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::ImageBuffer;
 <span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::color::{ColorType, ExtendedColorType};
 <span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::error::{ImageError, ImageFormatHint, ImageResult, LimitError, LimitErrorKind, ParameterError, ParameterErrorKind};
 <span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::math::Rect;
 <span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::traits::Pixel;

 <span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::animation::Frames;

 <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;pnm&quot;</span>)]
 </span><span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::pnm::PNMSubtype;

 <span class="doccomment">/// An enumeration of supported image formats.
 /// Not all formats support both encoding and decoding.
 </span><span class="attribute">#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash)]
 </span><span class="kw">pub enum </span>ImageFormat {
     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in PNG Format
     </span>Png,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in JPEG Format
     </span>Jpeg,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in GIF Format
     </span>Gif,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in WEBP Format
     </span>WebP,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in general PNM Format
     </span>Pnm,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in TIFF Format
     </span>Tiff,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in TGA Format
     </span>Tga,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in DDS Format
     </span>Dds,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in BMP Format
     </span>Bmp,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in ICO Format
     </span>Ico,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in Radiance HDR Format
     </span>Hdr,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in farbfeld Format
     </span>Farbfeld,

     <span class="doccomment">/// An Image in AVIF format.
     </span>Avif,

     <span class="attribute">#[doc(hidden)]
     </span>__NonExhaustive(<span class="kw">crate</span>::utils::NonExhaustiveMarker),
 }

 <span class="kw">impl </span>ImageFormat {
     <span class="doccomment">/// Return the image format specified by a path&#39;s file extension.
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
     /// ```
     /// use image::ImageFormat;
     ///
     /// let format = ImageFormat::from_extension(&quot;jpg&quot;);
     /// assert_eq!(format, Some(ImageFormat::Jpeg));
     /// ```
     </span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>from_extension&lt;S&gt;(ext: S) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>&gt; <span class="kw">where </span>S: AsRef&lt;OsStr&gt; {
         <span class="comment">// thin wrapper function to strip generics
         </span><span class="kw">fn </span>inner(ext: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>OsStr) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;ImageFormat&gt; {
             <span class="kw">let </span>ext = ext.to_str()<span class="question-mark">?</span>.to_ascii_lowercase();

             <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw">match </span>ext.as_str() {
                 <span class="string">&quot;avif&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Avif,
                 <span class="string">&quot;jpg&quot; </span>| <span class="string">&quot;jpeg&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Jpeg,
                 <span class="string">&quot;png&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Png,
                 <span class="string">&quot;gif&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Gif,
                 <span class="string">&quot;webp&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::WebP,
                 <span class="string">&quot;tif&quot; </span>| <span class="string">&quot;tiff&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Tiff,
                 <span class="string">&quot;tga&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Tga,
                 <span class="string">&quot;dds&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Dds,
                 <span class="string">&quot;bmp&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Bmp,
                 <span class="string">&quot;ico&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Ico,
                 <span class="string">&quot;hdr&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Hdr,
                 <span class="string">&quot;pbm&quot; </span>| <span class="string">&quot;pam&quot; </span>| <span class="string">&quot;ppm&quot; </span>| <span class="string">&quot;pgm&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Pnm,
                 <span class="string">&quot;ff&quot; </span>| <span class="string">&quot;farbfeld&quot; </span>=&gt; ImageFormat::Farbfeld,
                 <span class="kw">_ </span>=&gt; <span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">None</span>,
             })
         }

         inner(ext.as_ref())
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Return the image format specified by the path&#39;s file extension.
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
     /// ```
     /// use image::ImageFormat;
     ///
     /// let format = ImageFormat::from_path(&quot;images/ferris.png&quot;)?;
     /// assert_eq!(format, ImageFormat::Png);
     ///
     /// # Ok::&lt;(), image::error::ImageError&gt;(())
     /// ```
     </span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>from_path&lt;P&gt;(path: P) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>&gt; <span class="kw">where </span>P : AsRef&lt;Path&gt; {
         <span class="comment">// thin wrapper function to strip generics
         </span><span class="kw">fn </span>inner(path: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Path) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;ImageFormat&gt; {
             <span class="kw">let </span>exact_ext = path.extension();
             exact_ext
                 .and_then(ImageFormat::from_extension)
                 .ok_or_else(|| {
                     <span class="kw">let </span>format_hint = <span class="kw">match </span>exact_ext {
                         <span class="prelude-val">None </span>=&gt; ImageFormatHint::Unknown,
                         <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(os) =&gt; ImageFormatHint::PathExtension(os.into()),
                     };
                     ImageError::Unsupported(format_hint.into())
                 })
         }

         inner(path.as_ref())
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Return if the ImageFormat can be decoded by the lib.
     </span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>can_read(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; bool {
         <span class="comment">// Needs to be updated once a new variant&#39;s decoder is added to free_functions.rs::load
         </span><span class="kw">match </span><span class="self">self </span>{
             ImageFormat::Png =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Gif =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Jpeg =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::WebP =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Tiff =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Tga =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Dds =&gt; <span class="bool-val">false</span>,
             ImageFormat::Bmp =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Ico =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Hdr =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Pnm =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Farbfeld =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Avif =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::__NonExhaustive(marker) =&gt; <span class="kw">match </span>marker._private {},
         }
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Return if the ImageFormat can be encoded by the lib.
     </span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>can_write(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; bool {
         <span class="comment">// Needs to be updated once a new variant&#39;s encoder is added to free_functions.rs::save_buffer_with_format_impl
         </span><span class="kw">match </span><span class="self">self </span>{
             ImageFormat::Gif =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Ico =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Jpeg =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Png =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Bmp =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Tiff =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Tga =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Pnm =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Farbfeld =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::Avif =&gt; <span class="bool-val">true</span>,
             ImageFormat::WebP =&gt; <span class="bool-val">false</span>,
             ImageFormat::Hdr =&gt; <span class="bool-val">false</span>,
             ImageFormat::Dds =&gt; <span class="bool-val">false</span>,
             ImageFormat::__NonExhaustive(marker) =&gt; <span class="kw">match </span>marker._private {},
         }
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Return a list of applicable extensions for this format.
     ///
     /// All currently recognized image formats specify at least on extension but for future
     /// compatibility you should not rely on this fact. The list may be empty if the format has no
     /// recognized file representation, for example in case it is used as a purely transient memory
     /// format.
     ///
     /// The method name `extensions` remains reserved for introducing another method in the future
     /// that yields a slice of `OsStr` which is blocked by several features of const evaluation.
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>extensions_str(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;static </span>[<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;static </span>str] {
         <span class="kw">match </span><span class="self">self </span>{
             ImageFormat::Png =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;png&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::Jpeg =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;jpg&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;jpeg&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::Gif =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;gif&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::WebP =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;webp&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::Pnm =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;pbm&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;pam&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;ppm&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;pgm&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::Tiff =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;tiff&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;tif&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::Tga =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;tga&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::Dds =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;dds&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::Bmp =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;bmp&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::Ico =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;ico&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::Hdr =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;hdr&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::Farbfeld =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;ff&quot;</span>],
             <span class="comment">// According to: https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/#mime-registration
             </span>ImageFormat::Avif =&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="string">&quot;avif&quot;</span>],
             ImageFormat::__NonExhaustive(marker) =&gt; <span class="kw">match </span>marker._private {},
         }
     }
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// An enumeration of supported image formats for encoding.
 </span><span class="attribute">#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 </span><span class="kw">pub enum </span>ImageOutputFormat {
     <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;png&quot;</span>)]
     </span><span class="doccomment">/// An Image in PNG Format
     </span>Png,

     <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;jpeg&quot;</span>)]
     </span><span class="doccomment">/// An Image in JPEG Format with specified quality
     </span>Jpeg(u8),

     <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;pnm&quot;</span>)]
     </span><span class="doccomment">/// An Image in one of the PNM Formats
     </span>Pnm(PNMSubtype),

     <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;gif&quot;</span>)]
     </span><span class="doccomment">/// An Image in GIF Format
     </span>Gif,

     <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;ico&quot;</span>)]
     </span><span class="doccomment">/// An Image in ICO Format
     </span>Ico,

     <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;bmp&quot;</span>)]
     </span><span class="doccomment">/// An Image in BMP Format
     </span>Bmp,

     <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;farbfeld&quot;</span>)]
     </span><span class="doccomment">/// An Image in farbfeld Format
     </span>Farbfeld,

     <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;tga&quot;</span>)]
     </span><span class="doccomment">/// An Image in TGA Format
     </span>Tga,

     <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;avif&quot;</span>)]
     </span><span class="doccomment">/// An image in AVIF Format
     </span>Avif,

     <span class="doccomment">/// A value for signalling an error: An unsupported format was requested
     </span><span class="comment">// Note: When TryFrom is stabilized, this value should not be needed, and
     // a TryInto&lt;ImageOutputFormat&gt; should be used instead of an Into&lt;ImageOutputFormat&gt;.
     </span>Unsupported(String),

     <span class="attribute">#[doc(hidden)]
     </span>__NonExhaustive(<span class="kw">crate</span>::utils::NonExhaustiveMarker),
 }

 <span class="kw">impl </span>From&lt;ImageFormat&gt; <span class="kw">for </span>ImageOutputFormat {
     <span class="kw">fn </span>from(fmt: ImageFormat) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">match </span>fmt {
             <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;png&quot;</span>)]
             </span>ImageFormat::Png =&gt; ImageOutputFormat::Png,
             <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;jpeg&quot;</span>)]
             </span>ImageFormat::Jpeg =&gt; ImageOutputFormat::Jpeg(<span class="number">75</span>),
             <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;pnm&quot;</span>)]
             </span>ImageFormat::Pnm =&gt; ImageOutputFormat::Pnm(PNMSubtype::ArbitraryMap),
             <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;gif&quot;</span>)]
             </span>ImageFormat::Gif =&gt; ImageOutputFormat::Gif,
             <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;ico&quot;</span>)]
             </span>ImageFormat::Ico =&gt; ImageOutputFormat::Ico,
             <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;bmp&quot;</span>)]
             </span>ImageFormat::Bmp =&gt; ImageOutputFormat::Bmp,
             <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;farbfeld&quot;</span>)]
             </span>ImageFormat::Farbfeld =&gt; ImageOutputFormat::Farbfeld,
             <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;tga&quot;</span>)]
             </span>ImageFormat::Tga =&gt; ImageOutputFormat::Tga,
             <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;avif&quot;</span>)]
             </span>ImageFormat::Avif =&gt; ImageOutputFormat::Avif,

             f =&gt; ImageOutputFormat::Unsupported(<span class="macro">format!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;{:?}&quot;</span>, f)),
         }
     }
 }

 <span class="comment">// This struct manages buffering associated with implementing `Read` and `Seek` on decoders that can
 // must decode ranges of bytes at a time.
 </span><span class="attribute">#[allow(dead_code)]
 </span><span class="comment">// When no image formats that use it are enabled
 </span><span class="kw">pub</span>(<span class="kw">crate</span>) <span class="kw">struct </span>ImageReadBuffer {
     scanline_bytes: usize,
     buffer: Vec&lt;u8&gt;,
     consumed: usize,

     total_bytes: u64,
     offset: u64,
 }
 <span class="kw">impl </span>ImageReadBuffer {
     <span class="doccomment">/// Create a new ImageReadBuffer.
     ///
     /// Panics if scanline_bytes doesn&#39;t fit into a usize, because that would mean reading anything
     /// from the image would take more RAM than the entire virtual address space. In other words,
     /// actually using this struct would instantly OOM so just get it out of the way now.
     </span><span class="attribute">#[allow(dead_code)]
     </span><span class="comment">// When no image formats that use it are enabled
     </span><span class="kw">pub</span>(<span class="kw">crate</span>) <span class="kw">fn </span>new(scanline_bytes: u64, total_bytes: u64) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">Self </span>{
             scanline_bytes: usize::try_from(scanline_bytes).unwrap(),
             buffer: Vec::new(),
             consumed: <span class="number">0</span>,
             total_bytes,
             offset: <span class="number">0</span>,
         }
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[allow(dead_code)]
     </span><span class="comment">// When no image formats that use it are enabled
     </span><span class="kw">pub</span>(<span class="kw">crate</span>) <span class="kw">fn </span>read&lt;F&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, buf: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>[u8], <span class="kw-2">mut </span>read_scanline: F) -&gt; io::Result&lt;usize&gt;
     <span class="kw">where
         </span>F: FnMut(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>[u8]) -&gt; io::Result&lt;usize&gt;,
     {
         <span class="kw">if </span><span class="self">self</span>.buffer.len() == <span class="self">self</span>.consumed {
             <span class="kw">if </span><span class="self">self</span>.offset == <span class="self">self</span>.total_bytes {
                 <span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);
             } <span class="kw">else if </span>buf.len() &gt;= <span class="self">self</span>.scanline_bytes {
                 <span class="comment">// If there is nothing buffered and the user requested a full scanline worth of
                 // data, skip buffering.
                 </span><span class="kw">let </span>bytes_read = read_scanline(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>buf[..<span class="self">self</span>.scanline_bytes])<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
                 <span class="self">self</span>.offset += u64::try_from(bytes_read).unwrap();
                 <span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(bytes_read);
             } <span class="kw">else </span>{
                 <span class="comment">// Lazily allocate buffer the first time that read is called with a buffer smaller
                 // than the scanline size.
                 </span><span class="kw">if </span><span class="self">self</span>.buffer.is_empty() {
                     <span class="self">self</span>.buffer.resize(<span class="self">self</span>.scanline_bytes, <span class="number">0</span>);
                 }

                 <span class="self">self</span>.consumed = <span class="number">0</span>;
                 <span class="kw">let </span>bytes_read = read_scanline(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>.buffer[..])<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
                 <span class="self">self</span>.buffer.resize(bytes_read, <span class="number">0</span>);
                 <span class="self">self</span>.offset += u64::try_from(bytes_read).unwrap();

                 <span class="macro">assert!</span>(bytes_read == <span class="self">self</span>.scanline_bytes || <span class="self">self</span>.offset == <span class="self">self</span>.total_bytes);
             }
         }

         <span class="comment">// Finally, copy bytes into output buffer.
         </span><span class="kw">let </span>bytes_buffered = <span class="self">self</span>.buffer.len() - <span class="self">self</span>.consumed;
         <span class="kw">if </span>bytes_buffered &gt; buf.len() {
             <span class="kw">crate</span>::copy_memory(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.buffer[<span class="self">self</span>.consumed..][..buf.len()], <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>buf[..]);
             <span class="self">self</span>.consumed += buf.len();
             <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(buf.len())
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="kw">crate</span>::copy_memory(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.buffer[<span class="self">self</span>.consumed..], <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>buf[..bytes_buffered]);
             <span class="self">self</span>.consumed = <span class="self">self</span>.buffer.len();
             <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(bytes_buffered)
         }
     }
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Decodes a specific region of the image, represented by the rectangle
 /// starting from ```x``` and ```y``` and having ```length``` and ```width```
 </span><span class="attribute">#[allow(dead_code)]
 </span><span class="comment">// When no image formats that use it are enabled
 </span><span class="kw">pub</span>(<span class="kw">crate</span>) <span class="kw">fn </span>load_rect&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, D, F, F1, F2, E&gt;(x: u32, y: u32, width: u32, height: u32, buf: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>[u8],
                                           progress_callback: F,
                                           decoder: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>D,
                                           <span class="kw-2">mut </span>seek_scanline: F1,
                                           <span class="kw-2">mut </span>read_scanline: F2) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;()&gt;
     <span class="kw">where </span>D: ImageDecoder&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;,
           F: Fn(Progress),
           F1: FnMut(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>D, u64) -&gt; io::Result&lt;()&gt;,
           F2: FnMut(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>D, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>[u8]) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;(), E&gt;,
           ImageError: From&lt;E&gt;,
 {
     <span class="kw">let </span>(x, y, width, height) = (u64::from(x), u64::from(y), u64::from(width), u64::from(height));
     <span class="kw">let </span>dimensions = decoder.dimensions();
     <span class="kw">let </span>bytes_per_pixel = u64::from(decoder.color_type().bytes_per_pixel());
     <span class="kw">let </span>row_bytes = bytes_per_pixel * u64::from(dimensions.<span class="number">0</span>);
     <span class="kw">let </span>scanline_bytes = decoder.scanline_bytes();
     <span class="kw">let </span>total_bytes = width * height * bytes_per_pixel;

     <span class="kw">if </span>buf.len() &lt; usize::try_from(total_bytes).unwrap_or(usize::MAX) {
         <span class="macro">panic!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;output buffer too short\n expected `{}`, provided `{}`&quot;</span>, total_bytes, buf.len());
     }

     <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>bytes_read = <span class="number">0u64</span>;
     <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>current_scanline = <span class="number">0</span>;
     <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>tmp = Vec::new();
     <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>tmp_scanline = <span class="prelude-val">None</span>;

     {
         <span class="comment">// Read a range of the image starting from byte number `start` and continuing until byte
         // number `end`. Updates `current_scanline` and `bytes_read` appropiately.
         </span><span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>read_image_range = |<span class="kw-2">mut </span>start: u64, end: u64| -&gt; ImageResult&lt;()&gt; {
             <span class="comment">// If the first scanline we need is already stored in the temporary buffer, then handle
             // it first.
             </span><span class="kw">let </span>target_scanline = start / scanline_bytes;
             <span class="kw">if </span>tmp_scanline == <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(target_scanline) {
                 <span class="kw">let </span>position = target_scanline * scanline_bytes;
                 <span class="kw">let </span>offset = start.saturating_sub(position);
                 <span class="kw">let </span>len = (end - start)
                     .min(scanline_bytes - offset)
                     .min(end - position);

                 buf[(bytes_read <span class="kw">as </span>usize)..][..len <span class="kw">as </span>usize]
                     .copy_from_slice(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>tmp[offset <span class="kw">as </span>usize..][..len <span class="kw">as </span>usize]);
                 bytes_read += len;
                 start += len;

                 progress_callback(Progress {current: bytes_read, total: total_bytes});

                 <span class="kw">if </span>start == end {
                     <span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(());
                 }
             }

             <span class="kw">let </span>target_scanline = start / scanline_bytes;
             <span class="kw">if </span>target_scanline != current_scanline {
                 seek_scanline(decoder, target_scanline)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
                 current_scanline = target_scanline;
             }

             <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>position = current_scanline * scanline_bytes;
             <span class="kw">while </span>position &lt; end {
                 <span class="kw">if </span>position &gt;= start &amp;&amp; end - position &gt;= scanline_bytes {
                     read_scanline(decoder, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>buf[(bytes_read <span class="kw">as </span>usize)..]
                                                    [..(scanline_bytes <span class="kw">as </span>usize)])<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
                     bytes_read += scanline_bytes;
                 } <span class="kw">else </span>{
                     tmp.resize(scanline_bytes <span class="kw">as </span>usize, <span class="number">0u8</span>);
                     read_scanline(decoder, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>tmp)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
                     tmp_scanline = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(current_scanline);

                     <span class="kw">let </span>offset = start.saturating_sub(position);
                     <span class="kw">let </span>len = (end - start)
                         .min(scanline_bytes - offset)
                         .min(end - position);

                     buf[(bytes_read <span class="kw">as </span>usize)..][..len <span class="kw">as </span>usize]
                         .copy_from_slice(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>tmp[offset <span class="kw">as </span>usize..][..len <span class="kw">as </span>usize]);
                     bytes_read += len;
                 }

                 current_scanline += <span class="number">1</span>;
                 position += scanline_bytes;
                 progress_callback(Progress {current: bytes_read, total: total_bytes});
             }
             <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
         };

         <span class="kw">if </span>x + width &gt; u64::from(dimensions.<span class="number">0</span>) || y + height &gt; u64::from(dimensions.<span class="number">1</span>)
             || width == <span class="number">0 </span>|| height == <span class="number">0 </span>{
                 <span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(ImageError::Parameter(ParameterError::from_kind(
                     ParameterErrorKind::DimensionMismatch,
                 )));
             }
         <span class="kw">if </span>scanline_bytes &gt; usize::max_value() <span class="kw">as </span>u64 {
             <span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(ImageError::Limits(LimitError::from_kind(
                 LimitErrorKind::InsufficientMemory,
             )));
         }

         progress_callback(Progress {current: <span class="number">0</span>, total: total_bytes});
         <span class="kw">if </span>x == <span class="number">0 </span>&amp;&amp; width == u64::from(dimensions.<span class="number">0</span>) {
             <span class="kw">let </span>start = x * bytes_per_pixel + y * row_bytes;
             <span class="kw">let </span>end = (x + width) * bytes_per_pixel + (y + height - <span class="number">1</span>) * row_bytes;
             read_image_range(start, end)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="kw">for </span>row <span class="kw">in </span>y..(y+height) {
                 <span class="kw">let </span>start = x * bytes_per_pixel + row * row_bytes;
                 <span class="kw">let </span>end = (x + width) * bytes_per_pixel + row * row_bytes;
                 read_image_range(start, end)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
             }
         }
     }

     <span class="comment">// Seek back to the start
     </span><span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(seek_scanline(decoder, <span class="number">0</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>)
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Reads all of the bytes of a decoder into a Vec&lt;T&gt;. No particular alignment
 /// of the output buffer is guaranteed.
 ///
 /// Panics if there isn&#39;t enough memory to decode the image.
 </span><span class="kw">pub</span>(<span class="kw">crate</span>) <span class="kw">fn </span>decoder_to_vec&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, T&gt;(decoder: <span class="kw">impl </span>ImageDecoder&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;Vec&lt;T&gt;&gt;
 <span class="kw">where
     </span>T: <span class="kw">crate</span>::traits::Primitive + bytemuck::Pod,
 {
     <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>buf = <span class="macro">vec!</span>[num_traits::Zero::zero(); usize::try_from(decoder.total_bytes()).unwrap() / std::mem::size_of::&lt;T&gt;()];
     decoder.read_image(bytemuck::cast_slice_mut(buf.as_mut_slice()))<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
     <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(buf)
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Represents the progress of an image operation.
 ///
 /// Note that this is not necessarily accurate and no change to the values passed to the progress
 /// function during decoding will be considered breaking. A decoder could in theory report the
 /// progress `(0, 0)` if progress is unknown, without violating the interface contract of the type.
 </span><span class="attribute">#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 </span><span class="kw">pub struct </span>Progress {
     current: u64,
     total: u64,
 }

 <span class="kw">impl </span>Progress {
     <span class="doccomment">/// A measure of completed decoding.
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>current(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; u64 {
         <span class="self">self</span>.current
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// A measure of all necessary decoding work.
     ///
     /// This is in general greater or equal than `current`.
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>total(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; u64 {
         <span class="self">self</span>.total
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Calculate a measure for remaining decoding work.
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>remaining(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; u64 {
         <span class="self">self</span>.total.max(<span class="self">self</span>.current) - <span class="self">self</span>.current
     }
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// The trait that all decoders implement
 </span><span class="kw">pub trait </span>ImageDecoder&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;: Sized {
     <span class="doccomment">/// The type of reader produced by `into_reader`.
     </span><span class="kw">type </span>Reader: Read + <span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>;

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns a tuple containing the width and height of the image
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>dimensions(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; (u32, u32);

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns the color type of the image data produced by this decoder
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>color_type(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ColorType;

     <span class="doccomment">/// Retuns the color type of the image file before decoding
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>original_color_type(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ExtendedColorType {
         <span class="self">self</span>.color_type().into()
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns a reader that can be used to obtain the bytes of the image. For the best
     /// performance, always try to read at least `scanline_bytes` from the reader at a time. Reading
     /// fewer bytes will cause the reader to perform internal buffering.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>into_reader(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>::Reader&gt;;

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns the total number of bytes in the decoded image.
     ///
     /// This is the size of the buffer that must be passed to `read_image` or
     /// `read_image_with_progress`. The returned value may exceed usize::MAX, in
     /// which case it isn&#39;t actually possible to construct a buffer to decode all the image data
     /// into.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>total_bytes(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; u64 {
         <span class="kw">let </span>dimensions = <span class="self">self</span>.dimensions();
         u64::from(dimensions.<span class="number">0</span>) * u64::from(dimensions.<span class="number">1</span>) * u64::from(<span class="self">self</span>.color_type().bytes_per_pixel())
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns the minimum number of bytes that can be efficiently read from this decoder. This may
     /// be as few as 1 or as many as `total_bytes()`.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>scanline_bytes(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; u64 {
         <span class="self">self</span>.total_bytes()
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns all the bytes in the image.
     ///
     /// This function takes a slice of bytes and writes the pixel data of the image into it.
     /// Although not required, for certain color types callers may want to pass buffers which are
     /// aligned to 2 or 4 byte boundaries to the slice can be cast to a [u16] or [u32]. To accommodate
     /// such casts, the returned contents will always be in native endian.
     ///
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// This function panics if buf.len() != self.total_bytes().
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_build
     /// use zerocopy::{AsBytes, FromBytes};
     /// fn read_16bit_image(decoder: impl ImageDecoder) -&gt; Vec&lt;16&gt; {
     ///     let mut buf: Vec&lt;u16&gt; = vec![0; decoder.total_bytes()/2];
     ///     decoder.read_image(buf.as_bytes());
     ///     buf
     /// }
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>read_image(<span class="self">self</span>, buf: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>[u8]) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;()&gt; {
         <span class="self">self</span>.read_image_with_progress(buf, |<span class="kw">_</span>| {})
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Same as `read_image` but periodically calls the provided callback to give updates on loading
     /// progress.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>read_image_with_progress&lt;F: Fn(Progress)&gt;(
         <span class="self">self</span>,
         buf: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>[u8],
         progress_callback: F,
     ) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;()&gt; {
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(u64::try_from(buf.len()), <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.total_bytes()));

         <span class="kw">let </span>total_bytes = <span class="self">self</span>.total_bytes() <span class="kw">as </span>usize;
         <span class="kw">let </span>scanline_bytes = <span class="self">self</span>.scanline_bytes() <span class="kw">as </span>usize;
         <span class="kw">let </span>target_read_size = <span class="kw">if </span>scanline_bytes &lt; <span class="number">4096 </span>{
             (<span class="number">4096 </span>/ scanline_bytes) * scanline_bytes
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             scanline_bytes
         };

         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>reader = <span class="self">self</span>.into_reader()<span class="question-mark">?</span>;

         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>bytes_read = <span class="number">0</span>;
         <span class="kw">while </span>bytes_read &lt; total_bytes {
             <span class="kw">let </span>read_size = target_read_size.min(total_bytes - bytes_read);
             reader.read_exact(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>buf[bytes_read..][..read_size])<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
             bytes_read += read_size;

             progress_callback(Progress {
                 current: bytes_read <span class="kw">as </span>u64,
                 total: total_bytes <span class="kw">as </span>u64,
             });
         }

         <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
     }
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Specialized image decoding not be supported by all formats
 </span><span class="kw">pub trait </span>ImageDecoderExt&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;: ImageDecoder&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; + Sized {
     <span class="doccomment">/// Decode a rectangular section of the image; see [`read_rect_with_progress()`](#fn.read_rect_with_progress).
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>read_rect(
         <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>,
         x: u32,
         y: u32,
         width: u32,
         height: u32,
         buf: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>[u8],
     ) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;()&gt; {
         <span class="self">self</span>.read_rect_with_progress(x, y, width, height, buf, |<span class="kw">_</span>|{})
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Decode a rectangular section of the image, periodically reporting progress.
     ///
     /// The output buffer will be filled with fields specified by
     /// [`ImageDecoder::color_type()`](trait.ImageDecoder.html#fn.color_type),
     /// in that order, each field represented in native-endian.
     ///
     /// The progress callback will be called at least once at the start and the end of decoding,
     /// implementations are encouraged to call this more often,
     /// with a frequency meaningful for display to the end-user.
     ///
     /// This function will panic if the output buffer isn&#39;t at least
     /// `color_type().bytes_per_pixel() * color_type().channel_count() * width * height` bytes long.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>read_rect_with_progress&lt;F: Fn(Progress)&gt;(
         <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>,
         x: u32,
         y: u32,
         width: u32,
         height: u32,
         buf: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>[u8],
         progress_callback: F,
     ) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;()&gt;;
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// AnimationDecoder trait
 </span><span class="kw">pub trait </span>AnimationDecoder&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; {
     <span class="doccomment">/// Consume the decoder producing a series of frames.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>into_frames(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; Frames&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;;
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// The trait all encoders implement
 </span><span class="kw">pub trait </span>ImageEncoder {
     <span class="doccomment">/// Writes all the bytes in an image to the encoder.
     ///
     /// This function takes a slice of bytes of the pixel data of the image
     /// and encodes them. Unlike particular format encoders inherent impl encode
     /// methods where endianness is not specified, here image data bytes should
     /// always be in native endian. The implementor will reorder the endianess
     /// as necessary for the target encoding format.
     ///
     /// See also `ImageDecoder::read_image` which reads byte buffers into
     /// native endian.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>write_image(
         <span class="self">self</span>,
         buf: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[u8],
         width: u32,
         height: u32,
         color_type: ColorType,
     ) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;()&gt;;
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Immutable pixel iterator
 </span><span class="attribute">#[derive(Debug)]
 </span><span class="kw">pub struct </span>Pixels&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, I: <span class="question-mark">?</span>Sized + <span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; {
     image: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a </span>I,
     x: u32,
     y: u32,
     width: u32,
     height: u32,
 }

 <span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, I: GenericImageView&gt; Iterator <span class="kw">for </span>Pixels&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, I&gt; {
     <span class="kw">type </span>Item = (u32, u32, I::Pixel);

     <span class="kw">fn </span>next(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;(u32, u32, I::Pixel)&gt; {
         <span class="kw">if </span><span class="self">self</span>.x &gt;= <span class="self">self</span>.width {
             <span class="self">self</span>.x = <span class="number">0</span>;
             <span class="self">self</span>.y += <span class="number">1</span>;
         }

         <span class="kw">if </span><span class="self">self</span>.y &gt;= <span class="self">self</span>.height {
             <span class="prelude-val">None
         </span>} <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="kw">let </span>pixel = <span class="self">self</span>.image.get_pixel(<span class="self">self</span>.x, <span class="self">self</span>.y);
             <span class="kw">let </span>p = (<span class="self">self</span>.x, <span class="self">self</span>.y, pixel);

             <span class="self">self</span>.x += <span class="number">1</span>;

             <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(p)
         }
     }
 }

 <span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;I: <span class="question-mark">?</span>Sized&gt; Clone <span class="kw">for </span>Pixels&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;_</span>, I&gt; {
     <span class="kw">fn </span>clone(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         Pixels { ..<span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self </span>}
     }
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Trait to inspect an image.
 </span><span class="kw">pub trait </span>GenericImageView {
     <span class="doccomment">/// The type of pixel.
     </span><span class="kw">type </span>Pixel: Pixel;

     <span class="doccomment">/// Underlying image type. This is mainly used by SubImages in order to
     /// always have a reference to the original image. This allows for less
     /// indirections and it eases the use of nested SubImages.
     </span><span class="kw">type </span>InnerImageView: GenericImageView&lt;Pixel = <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel&gt;;

     <span class="doccomment">/// The width and height of this image.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>dimensions(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; (u32, u32);

     <span class="doccomment">/// The width of this image.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>width(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; u32 {
         <span class="kw">let </span>(w, <span class="kw">_</span>) = <span class="self">self</span>.dimensions();
         w
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// The height of this image.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>height(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; u32 {
         <span class="kw">let </span>(<span class="kw">_</span>, h) = <span class="self">self</span>.dimensions();
         h
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// The bounding rectangle of this image.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>bounds(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; (u32, u32, u32, u32);

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns true if this x, y coordinate is contained inside the image.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>in_bounds(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32) -&gt; bool {
         <span class="kw">let </span>(ix, iy, iw, ih) = <span class="self">self</span>.bounds();
         x &gt;= ix &amp;&amp; x &lt; ix + iw &amp;&amp; y &gt;= iy &amp;&amp; y &lt; iy + ih
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns the pixel located at (x, y). Indexed from top left.
     ///
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// Panics if `(x, y)` is out of bounds.
     ///
     /// TODO: change this signature to &amp;P
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>get_pixel(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32) -&gt; <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel;

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns the pixel located at (x, y). Indexed from top left.
     ///
     /// This function can be implemented in a way that ignores bounds checking.
     /// # Safety
     ///
     /// The coordinates must be [`in_bounds`] of the image.
     ///
     /// [`in_bounds`]: #method.in_bounds
     </span><span class="kw">unsafe fn </span>unsafe_get_pixel(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32) -&gt; <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel {
         <span class="self">self</span>.get_pixel(x, y)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns an Iterator over the pixels of this image.
     /// The iterator yields the coordinates of each pixel
     /// along with their value
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>pixels(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; Pixels&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>&gt; {
         <span class="kw">let </span>(width, height) = <span class="self">self</span>.dimensions();

         Pixels {
             image: <span class="self">self</span>,
             x: <span class="number">0</span>,
             y: <span class="number">0</span>,
             width,
             height,
         }
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns a reference to the underlying image.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>inner(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">Self</span>::InnerImageView;

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns an subimage that is an immutable view into this image.
     /// You can use [`GenericImage::sub_image`] if you need a mutable view instead.
     /// The coordinates set the position of the top left corner of the view.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>view(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32, width: u32, height: u32) -&gt; SubImage&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">Self</span>::InnerImageView&gt; {
         SubImage::new(<span class="self">self</span>.inner(), x, y, width, height)
     }
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// A trait for manipulating images.
 </span><span class="kw">pub trait </span>GenericImage: GenericImageView {
     <span class="doccomment">/// Underlying image type. This is mainly used by SubImages in order to
     /// always have a reference to the original image. This allows for less
     /// indirections and it eases the use of nested SubImages.
     </span><span class="kw">type </span>InnerImage: GenericImage&lt;Pixel = <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel&gt;;

     <span class="doccomment">/// Gets a reference to the mutable pixel at location `(x, y)`. Indexed from top left.
     ///
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// Panics if `(x, y)` is out of bounds.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>get_pixel_mut(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel;

     <span class="doccomment">/// Put a pixel at location (x, y). Indexed from top left.
     ///
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// Panics if `(x, y)` is out of bounds.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>put_pixel(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32, pixel: <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel);

     <span class="doccomment">/// Puts a pixel at location (x, y). Indexed from top left.
     ///
     /// This function can be implemented in a way that ignores bounds checking.
     /// # Safety
     ///
     /// The coordinates must be [`in_bounds`] of the image.
     ///
     /// [`in_bounds`]: traits.GenericImageView.html#method.in_bounds
     </span><span class="kw">unsafe fn </span>unsafe_put_pixel(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32, pixel: <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel) {
         <span class="self">self</span>.put_pixel(x, y, pixel);
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Put a pixel at location (x, y), taking into account alpha channels
     ///
     /// DEPRECATED: This method will be removed. Blend the pixel directly instead.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>blend_pixel(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32, pixel: <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel);

     <span class="doccomment">/// Copies all of the pixels from another image into this image.
     ///
     /// The other image is copied with the top-left corner of the
     /// other image placed at (x, y).
     ///
     /// In order to copy only a piece of the other image, use [`GenericImageView::view`].
     ///
     /// You can use [`FlatSamples`] to source pixels from an arbitrary regular raster of channel
     /// values, for example from a foreign interface or a fixed image.
     ///
     /// # Returns
     /// Returns an error if the image is too large to be copied at the given position
     ///
     /// [`GenericImageView::view`]: trait.GenericImageView.html#method.view
     /// [`FlatSamples`]: flat/struct.FlatSamples.html
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>copy_from&lt;O&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, other: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>O, x: u32, y: u32) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;()&gt;
     <span class="kw">where
         </span>O: GenericImageView&lt;Pixel = <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel&gt;,
     {
         <span class="comment">// Do bounds checking here so we can use the non-bounds-checking
         // functions to copy pixels.
         </span><span class="kw">if </span><span class="self">self</span>.width() &lt; other.width() + x || <span class="self">self</span>.height() &lt; other.height() + y {
             <span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(ImageError::Parameter(ParameterError::from_kind(
                 ParameterErrorKind::DimensionMismatch,
             )));
         }

         <span class="kw">for </span>k <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..other.height() {
             <span class="kw">for </span>i <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..other.width() {
                 <span class="kw">let </span>p = other.get_pixel(i, k);
                 <span class="self">self</span>.put_pixel(i + x, k + y, p);
             }
         }
         <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Copies all of the pixels from one part of this image to another part of this image.
     ///
     /// The destination rectangle of the copy is specified with the top-left corner placed at (x, y).
     ///
     /// # Returns
     /// `true` if the copy was successful, `false` if the image could not
     /// be copied due to size constraints.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>copy_within(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, source: Rect, x: u32, y: u32) -&gt; bool {
         <span class="kw">let </span>Rect { x: sx, y: sy, width, height } = source;
         <span class="kw">let </span>dx = x;
         <span class="kw">let </span>dy = y;
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(sx &lt; <span class="self">self</span>.width() &amp;&amp; dx &lt; <span class="self">self</span>.width());
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(sy &lt; <span class="self">self</span>.height() &amp;&amp; dy &lt; <span class="self">self</span>.height());
         <span class="kw">if </span><span class="self">self</span>.width() - dx.max(sx) &lt; width || <span class="self">self</span>.height() - dy.max(sy) &lt; height {
             <span class="kw">return </span><span class="bool-val">false</span>;
         }
         <span class="comment">// since `.rev()` creates a new dype we would either have to go with dynamic dispatch for the ranges
         // or have quite a lot of code bloat. A macro gives us static dispatch with less visible bloat.
         </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>copy_within_impl_ {
             (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$xiter</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$yiter</span>:expr) =&gt; {
                 <span class="kw">for </span>y <span class="kw">in </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$yiter </span>{
                     <span class="kw">let </span>sy = sy + y;
                     <span class="kw">let </span>dy = dy + y;
                     <span class="kw">for </span>x <span class="kw">in </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$xiter </span>{
                         <span class="kw">let </span>sx = sx + x;
                         <span class="kw">let </span>dx = dx + x;
                         <span class="kw">let </span>pixel = <span class="self">self</span>.get_pixel(sx, sy);
                         <span class="self">self</span>.put_pixel(dx, dy, pixel);
                     }
                 }
             };
         }
         <span class="comment">// check how target and source rectangles relate to each other so we dont overwrite data before we copied it.
         </span><span class="kw">match </span>(sx &lt; dx, sy &lt; dy) {
             (<span class="bool-val">true</span>, <span class="bool-val">true</span>) =&gt; <span class="macro">copy_within_impl_!</span>((<span class="number">0</span>..width).rev(), (<span class="number">0</span>..height).rev()),
             (<span class="bool-val">true</span>, <span class="bool-val">false</span>) =&gt; <span class="macro">copy_within_impl_!</span>((<span class="number">0</span>..width).rev(), <span class="number">0</span>..height),
             (<span class="bool-val">false</span>, <span class="bool-val">true</span>) =&gt; <span class="macro">copy_within_impl_!</span>(<span class="number">0</span>..width, (<span class="number">0</span>..height).rev()),
             (<span class="bool-val">false</span>, <span class="bool-val">false</span>) =&gt; <span class="macro">copy_within_impl_!</span>(<span class="number">0</span>..width, <span class="number">0</span>..height),
         }
         <span class="bool-val">true
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying image.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>inner_mut(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">Self</span>::InnerImage;

     <span class="doccomment">/// Returns a mutable subimage that is a view into this image.
     /// If you want an immutable subimage instead, use [`GenericImageView::view`]
     /// The coordinates set the position of the top left corner of the SubImage.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>sub_image(
         <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>,
         x: u32,
         y: u32,
         width: u32,
         height: u32,
     ) -&gt; SubImage&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">Self</span>::InnerImage&gt; {
         SubImage::new(<span class="self">self</span>.inner_mut(), x, y, width, height)
     }
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// A View into another image
 ///
 /// Instances of this struct can be created using:
 ///   - [`GenericImage::sub_image`] to create a mutable view,
 ///   - [`GenericImageView::view`] to create an immutable view,
 ///   - [`SubImage::new`] to instantiate the struct directly.
 </span><span class="kw">pub struct </span>SubImage&lt;I&gt; {
     image: I,
     xoffset: u32,
     yoffset: u32,
     xstride: u32,
     ystride: u32,
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Alias to access Pixel behind a reference
 </span><span class="kw">type </span>DerefPixel&lt;I&gt; = &lt;&lt;I <span class="kw">as </span>Deref&gt;::Target <span class="kw">as </span>GenericImageView&gt;::Pixel;

 <span class="doccomment">/// Alias to access Subpixel behind a reference
 </span><span class="kw">type </span>DerefSubpixel&lt;I&gt; = &lt;DerefPixel&lt;I&gt; <span class="kw">as </span>Pixel&gt;::Subpixel;

 <span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;I&gt; SubImage&lt;I&gt; {
     <span class="doccomment">/// Construct a new subimage
     /// The coordinates set the position of the top left corner of the SubImage.
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>new(image: I, x: u32, y: u32, width: u32, height: u32) -&gt; SubImage&lt;I&gt; {
         SubImage {
             image,
             xoffset: x,
             yoffset: y,
             xstride: width,
             ystride: height,
         }
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Change the coordinates of this subimage.
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>change_bounds(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32, width: u32, height: u32) {
         <span class="self">self</span>.xoffset = x;
         <span class="self">self</span>.yoffset = y;
         <span class="self">self</span>.xstride = width;
         <span class="self">self</span>.ystride = height;
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Convert this subimage to an ImageBuffer
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>to_image(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ImageBuffer&lt;DerefPixel&lt;I&gt;, Vec&lt;DerefSubpixel&lt;I&gt;&gt;&gt;
     <span class="kw">where
         </span>I: Deref,
         I::Target: GenericImage + <span class="lifetime">&#39;static</span>,
     {
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>out = ImageBuffer::new(<span class="self">self</span>.xstride, <span class="self">self</span>.ystride);
         <span class="kw">let </span>borrowed = <span class="self">self</span>.image.deref();

         <span class="kw">for </span>y <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..<span class="self">self</span>.ystride {
             <span class="kw">for </span>x <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..<span class="self">self</span>.xstride {
                 <span class="kw">let </span>p = borrowed.get_pixel(x + <span class="self">self</span>.xoffset, y + <span class="self">self</span>.yoffset);
                 out.put_pixel(x, y, p);
             }
         }

         out
     }
 }

 <span class="attribute">#[allow(deprecated)]
 </span><span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;I&gt; GenericImageView <span class="kw">for </span>SubImage&lt;I&gt;
 <span class="kw">where
     </span>I: Deref,
     I::Target: GenericImageView + Sized,
 {
     <span class="kw">type </span>Pixel = DerefPixel&lt;I&gt;;
     <span class="kw">type </span>InnerImageView = I::Target;

     <span class="kw">fn </span>dimensions(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; (u32, u32) {
         (<span class="self">self</span>.xstride, <span class="self">self</span>.ystride)
     }

     <span class="kw">fn </span>bounds(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; (u32, u32, u32, u32) {
         (<span class="self">self</span>.xoffset, <span class="self">self</span>.yoffset, <span class="self">self</span>.xstride, <span class="self">self</span>.ystride)
     }

     <span class="kw">fn </span>get_pixel(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32) -&gt; <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel {
         <span class="self">self</span>.image.get_pixel(x + <span class="self">self</span>.xoffset, y + <span class="self">self</span>.yoffset)
     }

     <span class="kw">fn </span>view(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32, width: u32, height: u32) -&gt; SubImage&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">Self</span>::InnerImageView&gt; {
         <span class="kw">let </span>x = <span class="self">self</span>.xoffset + x;
         <span class="kw">let </span>y = <span class="self">self</span>.yoffset + y;
         SubImage::new(<span class="self">self</span>.inner(), x, y, width, height)
     }

     <span class="kw">fn </span>inner(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">Self</span>::InnerImageView {
         <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.image
     }
 }

 <span class="attribute">#[allow(deprecated)]
 </span><span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;I&gt; GenericImage <span class="kw">for </span>SubImage&lt;I&gt;
 <span class="kw">where
     </span>I: DerefMut,
     I::Target: GenericImage + Sized,
 {
     <span class="kw">type </span>InnerImage = I::Target;

     <span class="kw">fn </span>get_pixel_mut(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel {
         <span class="self">self</span>.image.get_pixel_mut(x + <span class="self">self</span>.xoffset, y + <span class="self">self</span>.yoffset)
     }

     <span class="kw">fn </span>put_pixel(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32, pixel: <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel) {
         <span class="self">self</span>.image
             .put_pixel(x + <span class="self">self</span>.xoffset, y + <span class="self">self</span>.yoffset, pixel)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// DEPRECATED: This method will be removed. Blend the pixel directly instead.
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>blend_pixel(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, x: u32, y: u32, pixel: <span class="self">Self</span>::Pixel) {
         <span class="self">self</span>.image
             .blend_pixel(x + <span class="self">self</span>.xoffset, y + <span class="self">self</span>.yoffset, pixel)
     }

     <span class="kw">fn </span>sub_image(
         <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>,
         x: u32,
         y: u32,
         width: u32,
         height: u32,
     ) -&gt; SubImage&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">Self</span>::InnerImage&gt; {
         <span class="kw">let </span>x = <span class="self">self</span>.xoffset + x;
         <span class="kw">let </span>y = <span class="self">self</span>.yoffset + y;
         SubImage::new(<span class="self">self</span>.inner_mut(), x, y, width, height)
     }

     <span class="kw">fn </span>inner_mut(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">Self</span>::InnerImage {
         <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>.image
     }
 }

 <span class="attribute">#[cfg(test)]
 </span><span class="kw">mod </span>tests {
     <span class="kw">use </span>std::io;
     <span class="kw">use </span>std::path::Path;

     <span class="kw">use super</span>::{ColorType, ImageDecoder, ImageResult, GenericImage, GenericImageView, load_rect, ImageFormat};
     <span class="kw">use crate</span>::{GrayImage, ImageBuffer};
     <span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::color::Rgba;
     <span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::math::Rect;

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="doccomment">/// Test that alpha blending works as expected
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_image_alpha_blending() {
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>target = ImageBuffer::new(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>);
         target.put_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, Rgba([<span class="number">255u8</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>]));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span>target.get_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>) == Rgba([<span class="number">255</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>]));
         target.blend_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, Rgba([<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>]));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span>target.get_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>) == Rgba([<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>]));

         <span class="comment">// Blending an alpha channel onto a solid background
         </span>target.blend_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, Rgba([<span class="number">255</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">127</span>]));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span>target.get_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>) == Rgba([<span class="number">127</span>, <span class="number">127</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>]));

         <span class="comment">// Blending two alpha channels
         </span>target.put_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, Rgba([<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">127</span>]));
         target.blend_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, Rgba([<span class="number">255</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">127</span>]));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span>target.get_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>) == Rgba([<span class="number">169</span>, <span class="number">85</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">190</span>]));
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_in_bounds() {
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>target = ImageBuffer::new(<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">2</span>);
         target.put_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, Rgba([<span class="number">255u8</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>]));

         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(target.in_bounds(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(target.in_bounds(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(target.in_bounds(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(target.in_bounds(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>));

         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(!target.in_bounds(<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(!target.in_bounds(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">2</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(!target.in_bounds(<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">2</span>));
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_can_subimage_clone_nonmut() {
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>source = ImageBuffer::new(<span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">3</span>);
         source.put_pixel(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, Rgba([<span class="number">255u8</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>]));

         <span class="comment">// A non-mutable copy of the source image
         </span><span class="kw">let </span>source = source.clone();

         <span class="comment">// Clone a view into non-mutable to a separate buffer
         </span><span class="kw">let </span>cloned = source.view(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>).to_image();

         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(cloned.get_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>) == source.get_pixel(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>));
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_can_nest_views() {
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>source = ImageBuffer::from_pixel(<span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, Rgba([<span class="number">255u8</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">255</span>]));

         {
             <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>sub1 = source.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">2</span>);
             <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>sub2 = sub1.sub_image(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>);
             sub2.put_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, Rgba([<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>]));
         }

         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span>source.get_pixel(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>), Rgba([<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>]));

         <span class="kw">let </span>view1 = source.view(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">2</span>);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span>source.get_pixel(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>), view1.get_pixel(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>));

         <span class="kw">let </span>view2 = view1.view(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span>source.get_pixel(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>), view2.get_pixel(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_load_rect() {
         <span class="kw">struct </span>MockDecoder {scanline_number: u64, scanline_bytes: u64}
         <span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; ImageDecoder&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; <span class="kw">for </span>MockDecoder {
             <span class="kw">type </span>Reader = Box&lt;<span class="kw">dyn </span>io::Read&gt;;
             <span class="kw">fn </span>dimensions(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; (u32, u32) {(<span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">5</span>)}
             <span class="kw">fn </span>color_type(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ColorType {  ColorType::L8 }
             <span class="kw">fn </span>into_reader(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>::Reader&gt; {<span class="macro">unimplemented!</span>()}
             <span class="kw">fn </span>scanline_bytes(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; u64 { <span class="self">self</span>.scanline_bytes }
         }

         <span class="kw">const </span>DATA: [u8; <span class="number">25</span>] = [<span class="number">0</span>,  <span class="number">1</span>,  <span class="number">2</span>,  <span class="number">3</span>,  <span class="number">4</span>,
                                 <span class="number">5</span>,  <span class="number">6</span>,  <span class="number">7</span>,  <span class="number">8</span>,  <span class="number">9</span>,
                                 <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">11</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>,
                                 <span class="number">15</span>, <span class="number">16</span>, <span class="number">17</span>, <span class="number">18</span>, <span class="number">19</span>,
                                 <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">21</span>, <span class="number">22</span>, <span class="number">23</span>, <span class="number">24</span>];

         <span class="kw">fn </span>seek_scanline(m: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>MockDecoder, n: u64) -&gt; io::Result&lt;()&gt; {
             m.scanline_number = n;
             <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
         }
         <span class="kw">fn </span>read_scanline(m: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>MockDecoder, buf: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>[u8]) -&gt; io::Result&lt;()&gt; {
             <span class="kw">let </span>bytes_read = m.scanline_number * m.scanline_bytes;
             <span class="kw">if </span>bytes_read &gt;= <span class="number">25 </span>{
                 <span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(());
             }

             <span class="kw">let </span>len = m.scanline_bytes.min(<span class="number">25 </span>- bytes_read);
             buf[..(len <span class="kw">as </span>usize)].copy_from_slice(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>DATA[(bytes_read <span class="kw">as </span>usize)..][..(len <span class="kw">as </span>usize)]);
             m.scanline_number += <span class="number">1</span>;
             <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
         }

         <span class="kw">for </span>scanline_bytes <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">1</span>..<span class="number">30 </span>{
             <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>output = [<span class="number">0u8</span>; <span class="number">26</span>];

             load_rect(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>output, |<span class="kw">_</span>|{},
                       <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>MockDecoder{scanline_number:<span class="number">0</span>, scanline_bytes},
                       seek_scanline, read_scanline).unwrap();
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(output[<span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">25</span>], DATA);
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(output[<span class="number">25</span>], <span class="number">0</span>);

             output = [<span class="number">0u8</span>; <span class="number">26</span>];
             load_rect(<span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>output, |<span class="kw">_</span>|{},
                       <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>MockDecoder{scanline_number:<span class="number">0</span>, scanline_bytes},
                       seek_scanline, read_scanline).unwrap();
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(output[<span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">2</span>], [<span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">0</span>]);

             output = [<span class="number">0u8</span>; <span class="number">26</span>];
             load_rect(<span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>output, |<span class="kw">_</span>|{},
                       <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>MockDecoder{scanline_number:<span class="number">0</span>, scanline_bytes},
                       seek_scanline, read_scanline).unwrap();
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(output[<span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">5</span>], [<span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>, <span class="number">18</span>, <span class="number">19</span>, <span class="number">0</span>]);


             output = [<span class="number">0u8</span>; <span class="number">26</span>];
             load_rect(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>output, |<span class="kw">_</span>|{},
                       <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>MockDecoder{scanline_number:<span class="number">0</span>, scanline_bytes},
                       seek_scanline, read_scanline).unwrap();
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(output[<span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">9</span>], [<span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">7</span>, <span class="number">11</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">16</span>, <span class="number">17</span>, <span class="number">21</span>, <span class="number">22</span>, <span class="number">0</span>]);

         }
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_load_rect_single_scanline() {
         <span class="kw">const </span>DATA: [u8; <span class="number">25</span>] = [<span class="number">0</span>,  <span class="number">1</span>,  <span class="number">2</span>,  <span class="number">3</span>,  <span class="number">4</span>,
                                 <span class="number">5</span>,  <span class="number">6</span>,  <span class="number">7</span>,  <span class="number">8</span>,  <span class="number">9</span>,
                                 <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">11</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>,
                                 <span class="number">15</span>, <span class="number">16</span>, <span class="number">17</span>, <span class="number">18</span>, <span class="number">19</span>,
                                 <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">21</span>, <span class="number">22</span>, <span class="number">23</span>, <span class="number">24</span>];

         <span class="kw">struct </span>MockDecoder;
         <span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; ImageDecoder&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; <span class="kw">for </span>MockDecoder {
             <span class="kw">type </span>Reader = Box&lt;<span class="kw">dyn </span>io::Read&gt;;
             <span class="kw">fn </span>dimensions(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; (u32, u32) {(<span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">5</span>)}
             <span class="kw">fn </span>color_type(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ColorType {  ColorType::L8 }
             <span class="kw">fn </span>into_reader(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>::Reader&gt; {<span class="macro">unimplemented!</span>()}
             <span class="kw">fn </span>scanline_bytes(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; u64 { <span class="number">25 </span>}
         }

         <span class="comment">// Ensure that seek scanline is called only once.
         </span><span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>seeks = <span class="number">0</span>;
         <span class="kw">let </span>seek_scanline = |_d: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>MockDecoder, n: u64| -&gt; io::Result&lt;()&gt; {
             seeks += <span class="number">1</span>;
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(n, <span class="number">0</span>);
             <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(seeks, <span class="number">1</span>);
             <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
         };

         <span class="kw">fn </span>read_scanline(_m: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>MockDecoder, buf: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>[u8]) -&gt; io::Result&lt;()&gt; {
             buf.copy_from_slice(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>DATA);
             <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
         }

         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>output = [<span class="number">0</span>; <span class="number">26</span>];
         load_rect(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>output, |<span class="kw">_</span>|{},
                     <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>MockDecoder,
                     seek_scanline, read_scanline).unwrap();
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(output[<span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">9</span>], [<span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">7</span>, <span class="number">11</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">16</span>, <span class="number">17</span>, <span class="number">21</span>, <span class="number">22</span>, <span class="number">0</span>]);
     }


     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_image_format_from_path() {
         <span class="kw">fn </span>from_path(s: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>str) -&gt; ImageResult&lt;ImageFormat&gt; {
             ImageFormat::from_path(Path::new(s))
         }
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.jpg&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Jpeg);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.jpeg&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Jpeg);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.JPEG&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Jpeg);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.pNg&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Png);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.gif&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Gif);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.webp&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::WebP);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.tiFF&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Tiff);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.tif&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Tiff);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.tga&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Tga);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.dds&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Dds);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.bmp&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Bmp);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.Ico&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Ico);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.hdr&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Hdr);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.pbm&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Pnm);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.pAM&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Pnm);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.Ppm&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Pnm);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.pgm&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Pnm);
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.AViF&quot;</span>).unwrap(), ImageFormat::Avif);
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a.txt&quot;</span>).is_err());
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(from_path(<span class="string">&quot;./a&quot;</span>).is_err());
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_generic_image_copy_within_oob() {
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>image: GrayImage = ImageBuffer::from_raw(<span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="macro">vec!</span>[<span class="number">0u8</span>; <span class="number">16</span>]).unwrap();
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(!image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">0</span>, y: <span class="number">0</span>, width: <span class="number">5</span>, height: <span class="number">4 </span>}, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(!image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">0</span>, y: <span class="number">0</span>, width: <span class="number">4</span>, height: <span class="number">5 </span>}, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(!image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">1</span>, y: <span class="number">0</span>, width: <span class="number">4</span>, height: <span class="number">4 </span>}, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(!image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">0</span>, y: <span class="number">0</span>, width: <span class="number">4</span>, height: <span class="number">4 </span>}, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(!image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">0</span>, y: <span class="number">1</span>, width: <span class="number">4</span>, height: <span class="number">4 </span>}, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(!image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">0</span>, y: <span class="number">0</span>, width: <span class="number">4</span>, height: <span class="number">4 </span>}, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(!image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">1</span>, y: <span class="number">1</span>, width: <span class="number">4</span>, height: <span class="number">4 </span>}, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_generic_image_copy_within_tl() {
         <span class="kw">let </span>data = <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[
             <span class="number">00</span>, <span class="number">01</span>, <span class="number">02</span>, <span class="number">03</span>,
             <span class="number">04</span>, <span class="number">05</span>, <span class="number">06</span>, <span class="number">07</span>,
             <span class="number">08</span>, <span class="number">09</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">11</span>,
             <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>, <span class="number">15
         </span>];
         <span class="kw">let </span>expected = [
             <span class="number">00</span>, <span class="number">01</span>, <span class="number">02</span>, <span class="number">03</span>,
             <span class="number">04</span>, <span class="number">00</span>, <span class="number">01</span>, <span class="number">02</span>,
             <span class="number">08</span>, <span class="number">04</span>, <span class="number">05</span>, <span class="number">06</span>,
             <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">08</span>, <span class="number">09</span>, <span class="number">10</span>,
         ];
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>image: GrayImage = ImageBuffer::from_raw(<span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, Vec::from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>data[..])).unwrap();
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">0</span>, y: <span class="number">0</span>, width: <span class="number">3</span>, height: <span class="number">3 </span>}, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>image.into_raw(), <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>expected);
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_generic_image_copy_within_tr() {
         <span class="kw">let </span>data = <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[
             <span class="number">00</span>, <span class="number">01</span>, <span class="number">02</span>, <span class="number">03</span>,
             <span class="number">04</span>, <span class="number">05</span>, <span class="number">06</span>, <span class="number">07</span>,
             <span class="number">08</span>, <span class="number">09</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">11</span>,
             <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>, <span class="number">15
         </span>];
         <span class="kw">let </span>expected = [
             <span class="number">00</span>, <span class="number">01</span>, <span class="number">02</span>, <span class="number">03</span>,
             <span class="number">01</span>, <span class="number">02</span>, <span class="number">03</span>, <span class="number">07</span>,
             <span class="number">05</span>, <span class="number">06</span>, <span class="number">07</span>, <span class="number">11</span>,
             <span class="number">09</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">11</span>, <span class="number">15
         </span>];
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>image: GrayImage = ImageBuffer::from_raw(<span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, Vec::from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>data[..])).unwrap();
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">1</span>, y: <span class="number">0</span>, width: <span class="number">3</span>, height: <span class="number">3 </span>}, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>image.into_raw(), <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>expected);
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_generic_image_copy_within_bl() {
         <span class="kw">let </span>data = <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[
             <span class="number">00</span>, <span class="number">01</span>, <span class="number">02</span>, <span class="number">03</span>,
             <span class="number">04</span>, <span class="number">05</span>, <span class="number">06</span>, <span class="number">07</span>,
             <span class="number">08</span>, <span class="number">09</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">11</span>,
             <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>, <span class="number">15
         </span>];
         <span class="kw">let </span>expected = [
             <span class="number">00</span>, <span class="number">04</span>, <span class="number">05</span>, <span class="number">06</span>,
             <span class="number">04</span>, <span class="number">08</span>, <span class="number">09</span>, <span class="number">10</span>,
             <span class="number">08</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>,
             <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>, <span class="number">15
         </span>];
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>image: GrayImage = ImageBuffer::from_raw(<span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, Vec::from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>data[..])).unwrap();
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">0</span>, y: <span class="number">1</span>, width: <span class="number">3</span>, height: <span class="number">3 </span>}, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>image.into_raw(), <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>expected);
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>test_generic_image_copy_within_br() {
         <span class="kw">let </span>data = <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[
             <span class="number">00</span>, <span class="number">01</span>, <span class="number">02</span>, <span class="number">03</span>,
             <span class="number">04</span>, <span class="number">05</span>, <span class="number">06</span>, <span class="number">07</span>,
             <span class="number">08</span>, <span class="number">09</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">11</span>,
             <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>, <span class="number">15
         </span>];
         <span class="kw">let </span>expected = [
             <span class="number">05</span>, <span class="number">06</span>, <span class="number">07</span>, <span class="number">03</span>,
             <span class="number">09</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">11</span>, <span class="number">07</span>,
             <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>, <span class="number">15</span>, <span class="number">11</span>,
             <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">13</span>, <span class="number">14</span>, <span class="number">15
         </span>];
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>image: GrayImage = ImageBuffer::from_raw(<span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, Vec::from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>data[..])).unwrap();
         <span class="macro">assert!</span>(image.sub_image(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">4</span>).copy_within(Rect { x: <span class="number">1</span>, y: <span class="number">1</span>, width: <span class="number">3</span>, height: <span class="number">3 </span>}, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>));
         <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>image.into_raw(), <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>expected);
     }

     <span class="attribute">#[test]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>image_formats_are_recognized() {
         <span class="kw">use </span>ImageFormat::<span class="kw-2">*</span>;
         <span class="kw">const </span>ALL_FORMATS: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;static </span>[ImageFormat] = <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[Avif, Png, Jpeg, Gif, WebP, Pnm, Tiff, Tga, Dds, Bmp, Ico, Hdr, Farbfeld];
         <span class="kw">for </span><span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>format <span class="kw">in </span>ALL_FORMATS {
             <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>file = Path::new(<span class="string">&quot;file.nothing&quot;</span>).to_owned();
             <span class="kw">for </span>ext <span class="kw">in </span>format.extensions_str() {
                 <span class="macro">assert!</span>(file.set_extension(ext));
                 <span class="kw">match </span>ImageFormat::from_path(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>file) {
                     <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="kw">_</span>) =&gt; <span class="macro">panic!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Path {} not recognized as {:?}&quot;</span>, file.display(), format),
                     <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(result) =&gt; <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(format, result),
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 }
 </code></pre></div>
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