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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Source of the Rust file `/root/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/crossbeam-utils-0.8.15/src/atomic/atomic_cell.rs`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang"><title>atomic_cell.rs - source</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../SourceSerif4-Regular.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../FiraSans-Regular.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../FiraSans-Medium.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../SourceCodePro-Regular.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../SourceSerif4-Bold.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../SourceCodePro-Semibold.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../normalize.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../rustdoc.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../ayu.css" disabled><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../dark.css" disabled><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../light.css" id="themeStyle"><script id="default-settings" ></script><script src="../../../storage.js"></script><script defer src="../../../source-script.js"></script><script defer src="../../../source-files.js"></script><script defer src="../../../main.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../noscript.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../../favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../../favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../../favicon.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc source"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><a class="sidebar-logo" href="../../../crossbeam_utils/index.html"><div class="logo-container"><img class="rust-logo" src="../../../rust-logo.svg" alt="logo"></div></a></nav><main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><a class="sub-logo-container" href="../../../crossbeam_utils/index.html"><img class="rust-logo" src="../../../rust-logo.svg" alt="logo"></a><form class="search-form"><div class="search-container"><span></span><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" title="help" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../../help.html">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../../wheel.svg"></a></div></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="example-wrap"><pre class="src-line-numbers"><span id="1">1</span>
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</pre><pre class="rust"><code><span class="comment">// Necessary for implementing atomic methods for `AtomicUnit`
</span><span class="attribute">#![allow(clippy::unit_arg)]
</span><span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::primitive::sync::atomic::{<span class="self">self</span>, AtomicBool};
<span class="kw">use </span>core::cell::UnsafeCell;
<span class="kw">use </span>core::cmp;
<span class="kw">use </span>core::fmt;
<span class="kw">use </span>core::mem::{<span class="self">self</span>, ManuallyDrop, MaybeUninit};
<span class="kw">use </span>core::sync::atomic::Ordering;
<span class="kw">use </span>core::ptr;
<span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;std&quot;</span>)]
</span><span class="kw">use </span>std::panic::{RefUnwindSafe, UnwindSafe};
<span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">super</span>::seq_lock::SeqLock;
<span class="doccomment">/// A thread-safe mutable memory location.
///
/// This type is equivalent to [`Cell`], except it can also be shared among multiple threads.
///
/// Operations on `AtomicCell`s use atomic instructions whenever possible, and synchronize using
/// global locks otherwise. You can call [`AtomicCell::&lt;T&gt;::is_lock_free()`] to check whether
/// atomic instructions or locks will be used.
///
/// Atomic loads use the [`Acquire`] ordering and atomic stores use the [`Release`] ordering.
///
/// [`Cell`]: std::cell::Cell
/// [`AtomicCell::&lt;T&gt;::is_lock_free()`]: AtomicCell::is_lock_free
/// [`Acquire`]: std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Acquire
/// [`Release`]: std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Release
</span><span class="attribute">#[repr(transparent)]
</span><span class="kw">pub struct </span>AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
<span class="doccomment">/// The inner value.
///
/// If this value can be transmuted into a primitive atomic type, it will be treated as such.
/// Otherwise, all potentially concurrent operations on this data will be protected by a global
/// lock.
///
/// Using MaybeUninit to prevent code outside the cell from observing partially initialized state:
/// &lt;https://github.com/crossbeam-rs/crossbeam/issues/833&gt;
///
/// Note:
/// - we&#39;ll never store uninitialized `T` due to our API only using initialized `T`.
/// - this `MaybeUninit` does *not* fix &lt;https://github.com/crossbeam-rs/crossbeam/issues/315&gt;.
</span>value: UnsafeCell&lt;MaybeUninit&lt;T&gt;&gt;,
}
<span class="kw">unsafe impl</span>&lt;T: Send&gt; Send <span class="kw">for </span>AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {}
<span class="kw">unsafe impl</span>&lt;T: Send&gt; Sync <span class="kw">for </span>AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {}
<span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;std&quot;</span>)]
</span><span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T&gt; UnwindSafe <span class="kw">for </span>AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {}
<span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;std&quot;</span>)]
</span><span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T&gt; RefUnwindSafe <span class="kw">for </span>AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {}
<span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T&gt; AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
<span class="doccomment">/// Creates a new atomic cell initialized with `val`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(7);
/// ```
</span><span class="kw">pub const fn </span>new(val: T) -&gt; AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
AtomicCell {
value: UnsafeCell::new(MaybeUninit::new(val)),
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Consumes the atomic and returns the contained value.
///
/// This is safe because passing `self` by value guarantees that no other threads are
/// concurrently accessing the atomic data.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(7);
/// let v = a.into_inner();
///
/// assert_eq!(v, 7);
/// ```
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>into_inner(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; T {
<span class="kw">let </span>this = ManuallyDrop::new(<span class="self">self</span>);
<span class="comment">// SAFETY:
// - passing `self` by value guarantees that no other threads are concurrently
// accessing the atomic data
// - the raw pointer passed in is valid because we got it from an owned value.
// - `ManuallyDrop` prevents double dropping `T`
</span><span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ this.as_ptr().read() }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns `true` if operations on values of this type are lock-free.
///
/// If the compiler or the platform doesn&#39;t support the necessary atomic instructions,
/// `AtomicCell&lt;T&gt;` will use global locks for every potentially concurrent atomic operation.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// // This type is internally represented as `AtomicUsize` so we can just use atomic
/// // operations provided by it.
/// assert_eq!(AtomicCell::&lt;usize&gt;::is_lock_free(), true);
///
/// // A wrapper struct around `isize`.
/// struct Foo {
/// bar: isize,
/// }
/// // `AtomicCell&lt;Foo&gt;` will be internally represented as `AtomicIsize`.
/// assert_eq!(AtomicCell::&lt;Foo&gt;::is_lock_free(), true);
///
/// // Operations on zero-sized types are always lock-free.
/// assert_eq!(AtomicCell::&lt;()&gt;::is_lock_free(), true);
///
/// // Very large types cannot be represented as any of the standard atomic types, so atomic
/// // operations on them will have to use global locks for synchronization.
/// assert_eq!(AtomicCell::&lt;[u8; 1000]&gt;::is_lock_free(), false);
/// ```
</span><span class="kw">pub const fn </span>is_lock_free() -&gt; bool {
atomic_is_lock_free::&lt;T&gt;()
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Stores `val` into the atomic cell.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(7);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 7);
/// a.store(8);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 8);
/// ```
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>store(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: T) {
<span class="kw">if </span>mem::needs_drop::&lt;T&gt;() {
drop(<span class="self">self</span>.swap(val));
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="kw">unsafe </span>{
atomic_store(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr(), val);
}
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Stores `val` into the atomic cell and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(7);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.swap(8), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 8);
/// ```
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>swap(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: T) -&gt; T {
<span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ atomic_swap(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr(), val) }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns a raw pointer to the underlying data in this atomic cell.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(5);
///
/// let ptr = a.as_ptr();
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>as_ptr(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">*mut </span>T {
<span class="self">self</span>.value.get().cast::&lt;T&gt;()
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T: Default&gt; AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
<span class="doccomment">/// Takes the value of the atomic cell, leaving `Default::default()` in its place.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(5);
/// let five = a.take();
///
/// assert_eq!(five, 5);
/// assert_eq!(a.into_inner(), 0);
/// ```
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>take(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; T {
<span class="self">self</span>.swap(Default::default())
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T: Copy&gt; AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
<span class="doccomment">/// Loads a value from the atomic cell.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(7);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 7);
/// ```
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>load(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; T {
<span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ atomic_load(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) }
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T: Copy + Eq&gt; AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
<span class="doccomment">/// If the current value equals `current`, stores `new` into the atomic cell.
///
/// The return value is always the previous value. If it is equal to `current`, then the value
/// was updated.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # #![allow(deprecated)]
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(1);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.compare_and_swap(2, 3), 1);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 1);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.compare_and_swap(1, 2), 1);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 2);
/// ```
</span><span class="comment">// TODO: remove in the next major version.
</span><span class="attribute">#[deprecated(note = <span class="string">&quot;Use `compare_exchange` instead&quot;</span>)]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>compare_and_swap(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, current: T, new: T) -&gt; T {
<span class="kw">match </span><span class="self">self</span>.compare_exchange(current, new) {
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(v) =&gt; v,
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(v) =&gt; v,
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// If the current value equals `current`, stores `new` into the atomic cell.
///
/// The return value is a result indicating whether the new value was written and containing
/// the previous value. On success this value is guaranteed to be equal to `current`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(1);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.compare_exchange(2, 3), Err(1));
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 1);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.compare_exchange(1, 2), Ok(1));
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 2);
/// ```
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>compare_exchange(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, current: T, new: T) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;T, T&gt; {
<span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ atomic_compare_exchange_weak(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr(), current, new) }
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Fetches the value, and applies a function to it that returns an optional
/// new value. Returns a `Result` of `Ok(previous_value)` if the function returned `Some(_)`, else
/// `Err(previous_value)`.
///
/// Note: This may call the function multiple times if the value has been changed from other threads in
/// the meantime, as long as the function returns `Some(_)`, but the function will have been applied
/// only once to the stored value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(7);
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_update(|_| None), Err(7));
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_update(|a| Some(a + 1)), Ok(7));
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_update(|a| Some(a + 1)), Ok(8));
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 9);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_update&lt;F&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="kw-2">mut </span>f: F) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;T, T&gt;
<span class="kw">where
</span>F: FnMut(T) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;T&gt;,
{
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>prev = <span class="self">self</span>.load();
<span class="kw">while let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(next) = f(prev) {
<span class="kw">match </span><span class="self">self</span>.compare_exchange(prev, next) {
x @ <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="kw">_</span>) =&gt; <span class="kw">return </span>x,
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(next_prev) =&gt; prev = next_prev,
}
}
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(prev)
}
}
<span class="comment">// `MaybeUninit` prevents `T` from being dropped, so we need to implement `Drop`
// for `AtomicCell` to avoid leaks of non-`Copy` types.
</span><span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T&gt; Drop <span class="kw">for </span>AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
<span class="kw">fn </span>drop(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>) {
<span class="kw">if </span>mem::needs_drop::&lt;T&gt;() {
<span class="comment">// SAFETY:
// - the mutable reference guarantees that no other threads are concurrently accessing the atomic data
// - the raw pointer passed in is valid because we got it from a reference
// - `MaybeUninit` prevents double dropping `T`
</span><span class="kw">unsafe </span>{
<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr().drop_in_place();
}
}
}
}
<span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>impl_arithmetic {
(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty, fallback, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>:tt) =&gt; {
<span class="kw">impl </span>AtomicCell&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>&gt; {
<span class="doccomment">/// Increments the current value by `val` and returns the previous value.
///
/// The addition wraps on overflow.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_add(3), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 10);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_add(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value = value.wrapping_add(val);
old
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Decrements the current value by `val` and returns the previous value.
///
/// The subtraction wraps on overflow.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_sub(3), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 4);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_sub(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value = value.wrapping_sub(val);
old
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies bitwise &quot;and&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_and(3), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 3);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_and(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value &amp;= val;
old
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies bitwise &quot;nand&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_nand(3), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), !(7 &amp; 3));
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_nand(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value = !(old &amp; val);
old
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies bitwise &quot;or&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_or(16), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 23);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_or(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value |= val;
old
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies bitwise &quot;xor&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_xor(2), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 5);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_xor(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value ^= val;
old
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Compares and sets the maximum of the current value and `val`,
/// and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_max(2), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 7);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_max(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value = cmp::max(old, val);
old
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Compares and sets the minimum of the current value and `val`,
/// and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_min(2), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 2);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_min(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value = cmp::min(old, val);
old
}
}
};
(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>:ty, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>:tt) =&gt; {
<span class="kw">impl </span>AtomicCell&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>&gt; {
<span class="doccomment">/// Increments the current value by `val` and returns the previous value.
///
/// The addition wraps on overflow.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_add(3), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 10);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_add(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">if </span>can_transmute::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>&gt;() {
<span class="kw">let </span>a = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>) };
a.fetch_add(val, Ordering::AcqRel)
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value = value.wrapping_add(val);
old
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Decrements the current value by `val` and returns the previous value.
///
/// The subtraction wraps on overflow.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_sub(3), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 4);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_sub(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">if </span>can_transmute::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>&gt;() {
<span class="kw">let </span>a = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>) };
a.fetch_sub(val, Ordering::AcqRel)
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value = value.wrapping_sub(val);
old
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies bitwise &quot;and&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_and(3), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 3);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_and(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">if </span>can_transmute::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>&gt;() {
<span class="kw">let </span>a = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>) };
a.fetch_and(val, Ordering::AcqRel)
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value &amp;= val;
old
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies bitwise &quot;nand&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_nand(3), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), !(7 &amp; 3));
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_nand(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">if </span>can_transmute::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>&gt;() {
<span class="kw">let </span>a = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>) };
a.fetch_nand(val, Ordering::AcqRel)
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value = !(old &amp; val);
old
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies bitwise &quot;or&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_or(16), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 23);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_or(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">if </span>can_transmute::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>&gt;() {
<span class="kw">let </span>a = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>) };
a.fetch_or(val, Ordering::AcqRel)
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value |= val;
old
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies bitwise &quot;xor&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_xor(2), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 5);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_xor(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">if </span>can_transmute::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>&gt;() {
<span class="kw">let </span>a = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>) };
a.fetch_xor(val, Ordering::AcqRel)
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value ^= val;
old
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Compares and sets the maximum of the current value and `val`,
/// and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_max(9), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 9);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_max(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">if </span>can_transmute::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>&gt;() {
<span class="comment">// TODO: Atomic*::fetch_max requires Rust 1.45.
</span><span class="self">self</span>.fetch_update(|old| <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(cmp::max(old, val))).unwrap()
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value = cmp::max(old, val);
old
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Compares and sets the minimum of the current value and `val`,
/// and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
</span><span class="attribute">#[doc = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$example</span>]
</span><span class="doccomment">///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_min(2), 7);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), 2);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_min(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>) -&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t </span>{
<span class="kw">if </span>can_transmute::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>&gt;() {
<span class="comment">// TODO: Atomic*::fetch_min requires Rust 1.45.
</span><span class="self">self</span>.fetch_update(|old| <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(cmp::min(old, val))).unwrap()
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">let </span>value = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut *</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr()) };
<span class="kw">let </span>old = <span class="kw-2">*</span>value;
<span class="kw-2">*</span>value = cmp::min(old, val);
old
}
}
}
};
}
<span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(u8, atomic::AtomicU8, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7u8);&quot;</span>);
<span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(i8, atomic::AtomicI8, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7i8);&quot;</span>);
<span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(u16, atomic::AtomicU16, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7u16);&quot;</span>);
<span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(i16, atomic::AtomicI16, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7i16);&quot;</span>);
<span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(u32, atomic::AtomicU32, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7u32);&quot;</span>);
<span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(i32, atomic::AtomicI32, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7i32);&quot;</span>);
<span class="attribute">#[cfg(not(crossbeam_no_atomic_64))]
</span><span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(u64, atomic::AtomicU64, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7u64);&quot;</span>);
<span class="attribute">#[cfg(not(crossbeam_no_atomic_64))]
</span><span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(i64, atomic::AtomicI64, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7i64);&quot;</span>);
<span class="attribute">#[cfg(crossbeam_no_atomic_64)]
</span><span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(u64, fallback, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7u64);&quot;</span>);
<span class="attribute">#[cfg(crossbeam_no_atomic_64)]
</span><span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(i64, fallback, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7i64);&quot;</span>);
<span class="comment">// TODO: AtomicU128 is unstable
// impl_arithmetic!(u128, atomic::AtomicU128, &quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7u128);&quot;);
// impl_arithmetic!(i128, atomic::AtomicI128, &quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7i128);&quot;);
</span><span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(u128, fallback, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7u128);&quot;</span>);
<span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(i128, fallback, <span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7i128);&quot;</span>);
<span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(
usize,
atomic::AtomicUsize,
<span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7usize);&quot;
</span>);
<span class="macro">impl_arithmetic!</span>(
isize,
atomic::AtomicIsize,
<span class="string">&quot;let a = AtomicCell::new(7isize);&quot;
</span>);
<span class="kw">impl </span>AtomicCell&lt;bool&gt; {
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies logical &quot;and&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(true);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_and(true), true);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), true);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_and(false), true);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), false);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_and(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: bool) -&gt; bool {
<span class="kw">let </span>a = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span>AtomicBool) };
a.fetch_and(val, Ordering::AcqRel)
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies logical &quot;nand&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(true);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_nand(false), true);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), true);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_nand(true), true);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), false);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_nand(false), false);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), true);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_nand(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: bool) -&gt; bool {
<span class="kw">let </span>a = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span>AtomicBool) };
a.fetch_nand(val, Ordering::AcqRel)
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies logical &quot;or&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(false);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_or(false), false);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), false);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_or(true), false);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), true);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_or(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: bool) -&gt; bool {
<span class="kw">let </span>a = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span>AtomicBool) };
a.fetch_or(val, Ordering::AcqRel)
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Applies logical &quot;xor&quot; to the current value and returns the previous value.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use crossbeam_utils::atomic::AtomicCell;
///
/// let a = AtomicCell::new(true);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_xor(false), true);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), true);
///
/// assert_eq!(a.fetch_xor(true), true);
/// assert_eq!(a.load(), false);
/// ```
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>fetch_xor(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, val: bool) -&gt; bool {
<span class="kw">let </span>a = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(<span class="self">self</span>.as_ptr() <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span>AtomicBool) };
a.fetch_xor(val, Ordering::AcqRel)
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T: Default&gt; Default <span class="kw">for </span>AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
<span class="kw">fn </span>default() -&gt; AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
AtomicCell::new(T::default())
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T&gt; From&lt;T&gt; <span class="kw">for </span>AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
<span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">fn </span>from(val: T) -&gt; AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
AtomicCell::new(val)
}
}
<span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;T: Copy + fmt::Debug&gt; fmt::Debug <span class="kw">for </span>AtomicCell&lt;T&gt; {
<span class="kw">fn </span>fmt(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, f: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>fmt::Formatter&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;_</span>&gt;) -&gt; fmt::Result {
f.debug_struct(<span class="string">&quot;AtomicCell&quot;</span>)
.field(<span class="string">&quot;value&quot;</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.load())
.finish()
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns `true` if values of type `A` can be transmuted into values of type `B`.
</span><span class="kw">const fn </span>can_transmute&lt;A, B&gt;() -&gt; bool {
<span class="comment">// Sizes must be equal, but alignment of `A` must be greater or equal than that of `B`.
</span>(mem::size_of::&lt;A&gt;() == mem::size_of::&lt;B&gt;()) &amp; (mem::align_of::&lt;A&gt;() &gt;= mem::align_of::&lt;B&gt;())
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns a reference to the global lock associated with the `AtomicCell` at address `addr`.
///
/// This function is used to protect atomic data which doesn&#39;t fit into any of the primitive atomic
/// types in `std::sync::atomic`. Operations on such atomics must therefore use a global lock.
///
/// However, there is not only one global lock but an array of many locks, and one of them is
/// picked based on the given address. Having many locks reduces contention and improves
/// scalability.
</span><span class="attribute">#[inline]
#[must_use]
</span><span class="kw">fn </span>lock(addr: usize) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;static </span>SeqLock {
<span class="comment">// The number of locks is a prime number because we want to make sure `addr % LEN` gets
// dispersed across all locks.
//
// Note that addresses are always aligned to some power of 2, depending on type `T` in
// `AtomicCell&lt;T&gt;`. If `LEN` was an even number, then `addr % LEN` would be an even number,
// too, which means only half of the locks would get utilized!
//
// It is also possible for addresses to accidentally get aligned to a number that is not a
// power of 2. Consider this example:
//
// ```
// #[repr(C)]
// struct Foo {
// a: AtomicCell&lt;u8&gt;,
// b: u8,
// c: u8,
// }
// ```
//
// Now, if we have a slice of type `&amp;[Foo]`, it is possible that field `a` in all items gets
// stored at addresses that are multiples of 3. It&#39;d be too bad if `LEN` was divisible by 3.
// In order to protect from such cases, we simply choose a large prime number for `LEN`.
</span><span class="kw">const </span>LEN: usize = <span class="number">97</span>;
<span class="attribute">#[allow(clippy::declare_interior_mutable_const)]
</span><span class="kw">const </span>L: SeqLock = SeqLock::new();
<span class="kw">static </span>LOCKS: [SeqLock; LEN] = [L; LEN];
<span class="comment">// If the modulus is a constant number, the compiler will use crazy math to transform this into
// a sequence of cheap arithmetic operations rather than using the slow modulo instruction.
</span><span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>LOCKS[addr % LEN]
}
<span class="doccomment">/// An atomic `()`.
///
/// All operations are noops.
</span><span class="kw">struct </span>AtomicUnit;
<span class="kw">impl </span>AtomicUnit {
<span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">fn </span>load(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, _order: Ordering) {}
<span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">fn </span>store(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, _val: (), _order: Ordering) {}
<span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">fn </span>swap(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, _val: (), _order: Ordering) {}
<span class="attribute">#[inline]
</span><span class="kw">fn </span>compare_exchange_weak(
<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>,
_current: (),
_new: (),
_success: Ordering,
_failure: Ordering,
) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;(), ()&gt; {
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
}
}
<span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>atomic {
<span class="comment">// If values of type `$t` can be transmuted into values of the primitive atomic type `$atomic`,
// declares variable `$a` of type `$atomic` and executes `$atomic_op`, breaking out of the loop.
</span>(@check, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>:ty, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic_op</span>:expr) =&gt; {
<span class="kw">if </span>can_transmute::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>&gt;() {
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic</span>;
<span class="kw">break </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic_op</span>;
}
};
<span class="comment">// If values of type `$t` can be transmuted into values of a primitive atomic type, declares
// variable `$a` of that type and executes `$atomic_op`. Otherwise, just executes
// `$fallback_op`.
</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic_op</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$fallback_op</span>:expr) =&gt; {
<span class="kw">loop </span>{
<span class="macro">atomic!</span>(@check, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, AtomicUnit, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic_op</span>);
<span class="macro">atomic!</span>(@check, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, atomic::AtomicU8, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic_op</span>);
<span class="macro">atomic!</span>(@check, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, atomic::AtomicU16, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic_op</span>);
<span class="macro">atomic!</span>(@check, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, atomic::AtomicU32, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic_op</span>);
<span class="attribute">#[cfg(not(crossbeam_no_atomic_64))]
</span><span class="macro">atomic!</span>(@check, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>, atomic::AtomicU64, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$atomic_op</span>);
<span class="comment">// TODO: AtomicU128 is unstable
// atomic!(@check, $t, atomic::AtomicU128, $a, $atomic_op);
</span><span class="kw">break </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$fallback_op</span>;
}
};
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Returns `true` if operations on `AtomicCell&lt;T&gt;` are lock-free.
</span><span class="kw">const fn </span>atomic_is_lock_free&lt;T&gt;() -&gt; bool {
<span class="comment">// HACK(taiki-e): This is equivalent to `atomic! { T, _a, true, false }`, but can be used in const fn even in our MSRV (Rust 1.38).
</span><span class="kw">let </span>is_lock_free = can_transmute::&lt;T, AtomicUnit&gt;()
| can_transmute::&lt;T, atomic::AtomicU8&gt;()
| can_transmute::&lt;T, atomic::AtomicU16&gt;()
| can_transmute::&lt;T, atomic::AtomicU32&gt;();
<span class="attribute">#[cfg(not(crossbeam_no_atomic_64))]
</span><span class="kw">let </span>is_lock_free = is_lock_free | can_transmute::&lt;T, atomic::AtomicU64&gt;();
<span class="comment">// TODO: AtomicU128 is unstable
// let is_lock_free = is_lock_free | can_transmute::&lt;T, atomic::AtomicU128&gt;();
</span>is_lock_free
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Atomically reads data from `src`.
///
/// This operation uses the `Acquire` ordering. If possible, an atomic instructions is used, and a
/// global lock otherwise.
</span><span class="kw">unsafe fn </span>atomic_load&lt;T&gt;(src: <span class="kw-2">*mut </span>T) -&gt; T
<span class="kw">where
</span>T: Copy,
{
<span class="macro">atomic! </span>{
T, a,
{
a = <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(src <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="kw">_ as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="kw">_</span>);
mem::transmute_copy(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>a.load(Ordering::Acquire))
},
{
<span class="kw">let </span>lock = lock(src <span class="kw">as </span>usize);
<span class="comment">// Try doing an optimistic read first.
</span><span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(stamp) = lock.optimistic_read() {
<span class="comment">// We need a volatile read here because other threads might concurrently modify the
// value. In theory, data races are *always* UB, even if we use volatile reads and
// discard the data when a data race is detected. The proper solution would be to
// do atomic reads and atomic writes, but we can&#39;t atomically read and write all
// kinds of data since `AtomicU8` is not available on stable Rust yet.
// Load as `MaybeUninit` because we may load a value that is not valid as `T`.
</span><span class="kw">let </span>val = ptr::read_volatile(src.cast::&lt;MaybeUninit&lt;T&gt;&gt;());
<span class="kw">if </span>lock.validate_read(stamp) {
<span class="kw">return </span>val.assume_init();
}
}
<span class="comment">// Grab a regular write lock so that writers don&#39;t starve this load.
</span><span class="kw">let </span>guard = lock.write();
<span class="kw">let </span>val = ptr::read(src);
<span class="comment">// The value hasn&#39;t been changed. Drop the guard without incrementing the stamp.
</span>guard.abort();
val
}
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Atomically writes `val` to `dst`.
///
/// This operation uses the `Release` ordering. If possible, an atomic instructions is used, and a
/// global lock otherwise.
</span><span class="kw">unsafe fn </span>atomic_store&lt;T&gt;(dst: <span class="kw-2">*mut </span>T, val: T) {
<span class="macro">atomic! </span>{
T, a,
{
a = <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(dst <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="kw">_ as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="kw">_</span>);
a.store(mem::transmute_copy(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>val), Ordering::Release);
mem::forget(val);
},
{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(dst <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
ptr::write(dst, val);
}
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Atomically swaps data at `dst` with `val`.
///
/// This operation uses the `AcqRel` ordering. If possible, an atomic instructions is used, and a
/// global lock otherwise.
</span><span class="kw">unsafe fn </span>atomic_swap&lt;T&gt;(dst: <span class="kw-2">*mut </span>T, val: T) -&gt; T {
<span class="macro">atomic! </span>{
T, a,
{
a = <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(dst <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="kw">_ as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="kw">_</span>);
<span class="kw">let </span>res = mem::transmute_copy(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>a.swap(mem::transmute_copy(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>val), Ordering::AcqRel));
mem::forget(val);
res
},
{
<span class="kw">let </span>_guard = lock(dst <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
ptr::replace(dst, val)
}
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// Atomically compares data at `dst` to `current` and, if equal byte-for-byte, exchanges data at
/// `dst` with `new`.
///
/// Returns the old value on success, or the current value at `dst` on failure.
///
/// This operation uses the `AcqRel` ordering. If possible, an atomic instructions is used, and a
/// global lock otherwise.
</span><span class="attribute">#[allow(clippy::let_unit_value)]
</span><span class="kw">unsafe fn </span>atomic_compare_exchange_weak&lt;T&gt;(dst: <span class="kw-2">*mut </span>T, <span class="kw-2">mut </span>current: T, new: T) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;T, T&gt;
<span class="kw">where
</span>T: Copy + Eq,
{
<span class="macro">atomic! </span>{
T, a,
{
a = <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>(dst <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="kw">_ as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span><span class="kw">_</span>);
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>current_raw = mem::transmute_copy(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>current);
<span class="kw">let </span>new_raw = mem::transmute_copy(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>new);
<span class="kw">loop </span>{
<span class="kw">match </span>a.compare_exchange_weak(
current_raw,
new_raw,
Ordering::AcqRel,
Ordering::Acquire,
) {
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="kw">_</span>) =&gt; <span class="kw">break </span><span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(current),
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(previous_raw) =&gt; {
<span class="kw">let </span>previous = mem::transmute_copy(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>previous_raw);
<span class="kw">if </span>!T::eq(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>previous, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>current) {
<span class="kw">break </span><span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(previous);
}
<span class="comment">// The compare-exchange operation has failed and didn&#39;t store `new`. The
// failure is either spurious, or `previous` was semantically equal to
// `current` but not byte-equal. Let&#39;s retry with `previous` as the new
// `current`.
</span>current = previous;
current_raw = previous_raw;
}
}
}
},
{
<span class="kw">let </span>guard = lock(dst <span class="kw">as </span>usize).write();
<span class="kw">if </span>T::eq(<span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>dst, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>current) {
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(ptr::replace(dst, new))
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="kw">let </span>val = ptr::read(dst);
<span class="comment">// The value hasn&#39;t been changed. Drop the guard without incrementing the stamp.
</span>guard.abort();
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(val)
}
}
}
}
</code></pre></div>
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