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 <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Source of the Rust file `/root/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/clap-2.34.0/src/macros.rs`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang"><title>macros.rs - source</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../SourceSerif4-Regular.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../FiraSans-Regular.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../FiraSans-Medium.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../SourceCodePro-Regular.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../SourceSerif4-Bold.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../SourceCodePro-Semibold.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../normalize.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../rustdoc.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../ayu.css" disabled><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../dark.css" disabled><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../light.css" id="themeStyle"><script id="default-settings" ></script><script src="../../storage.js"></script><script defer src="../../source-script.js"></script><script defer src="../../source-files.js"></script><script defer src="../../main.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../noscript.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../favicon.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc source"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><a class="sidebar-logo" href="../../clap/index.html"><div class="logo-container"><img class="rust-logo" src="../../rust-logo.svg" alt="logo"></div></a></nav><main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><a class="sub-logo-container" href="../../clap/index.html"><img class="rust-logo" src="../../rust-logo.svg" alt="logo"></a><form class="search-form"><div class="search-container"><span></span><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" title="help" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../help.html">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../wheel.svg"></a></div></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="example-wrap"><pre class="src-line-numbers"><span id="1">1</span>
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 </pre><pre class="rust"><code><span class="doccomment">/// A convenience macro for loading the YAML file at compile time (relative to the current file,
 /// like modules work). That YAML object can then be passed to this function.
 ///
 /// # Panics
 ///
 /// The YAML file must be properly formatted or this function will panic!(). A good way to
 /// ensure this doesn&#39;t happen is to run your program with the `--help` switch. If this passes
 /// without error, you needn&#39;t worry because the YAML is properly formatted.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// The following example shows how to load a properly formatted YAML file to build an instance
 /// of an `App` struct.
 ///
 /// ```ignore
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # use clap::App;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let yml = load_yaml!(&quot;app.yml&quot;);
 /// let app = App::from_yaml(yml);
 ///
 /// // continued logic goes here, such as `app.get_matches()` etc.
 /// # }
 /// ```
 </span><span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;yaml&quot;</span>)]
 #[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>load_yaml {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$yml</span>:expr) =&gt; {
         <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>::clap::YamlLoader::load_from_str(<span class="macro">include_str!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$yml</span>)).expect(<span class="string">&quot;failed to load YAML file&quot;</span>)[<span class="number">0</span>]
     };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Convenience macro getting a typed value `T` where `T` implements [`std::str::FromStr`] from an
 /// argument value. This macro returns a `Result&lt;T,String&gt;` which allows you as the developer to
 /// decide what you&#39;d like to do on a failed parse. There are two types of errors, parse failures
 /// and those where the argument wasn&#39;t present (such as a non-required argument). You can use
 /// it to get a single value, or a iterator as with the [`ArgMatches::values_of`]
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # use clap::App;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let matches = App::new(&quot;myapp&quot;)
 ///               .arg_from_usage(&quot;[length] &#39;Set the length to use as a pos whole num, i.e. 20&#39;&quot;)
 ///               .get_matches();
 ///
 /// let len      = value_t!(matches.value_of(&quot;length&quot;), u32).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit());
 /// let also_len = value_t!(matches, &quot;length&quot;, u32).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit());
 ///
 /// println!(&quot;{} + 2: {}&quot;, len, len + 2);
 /// # }
 /// ```
 /// [`std::str::FromStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/str/trait.FromStr.html
 /// [`ArgMatches::values_of`]: ./struct.ArgMatches.html#method.values_of
 /// [`Result&lt;T,String&gt;`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/enum.Result.html
 </span><span class="attribute">#[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>value_t {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">value_t!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>.value_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>), <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>)
     };
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:ident.value_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:expr), <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty) =&gt; {
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>.value_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>) {
             <span class="kw">match </span>v.parse::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>&gt;() {
                 <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(val) =&gt; <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(val),
                 <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="kw">_</span>) =&gt; <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(::clap::Error::value_validation_auto(<span class="macro">format!</span>(
                     <span class="string">&quot;The argument &#39;{}&#39; isn&#39;t a valid value&quot;</span>,
                     v
                 ))),
             }
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(::clap::Error::argument_not_found_auto(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>))
         }
     };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Convenience macro getting a typed value `T` where `T` implements [`std::str::FromStr`] or
 /// exiting upon error, instead of returning a [`Result`] type.
 ///
 /// **NOTE:** This macro is for backwards compatibility sake. Prefer
 /// [`value_t!(/* ... */).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit())`]
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # use clap::App;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let matches = App::new(&quot;myapp&quot;)
 ///               .arg_from_usage(&quot;[length] &#39;Set the length to use as a pos whole num, i.e. 20&#39;&quot;)
 ///               .get_matches();
 ///
 /// let len      = value_t_or_exit!(matches.value_of(&quot;length&quot;), u32);
 /// let also_len = value_t_or_exit!(matches, &quot;length&quot;, u32);
 ///
 /// println!(&quot;{} + 2: {}&quot;, len, len + 2);
 /// # }
 /// ```
 /// [`std::str::FromStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/str/trait.FromStr.html
 /// [`Result`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/enum.Result.html
 /// [`value_t!(/* ... */).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit())`]: ./macro.value_t!.html
 </span><span class="attribute">#[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>value_t_or_exit {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">value_t_or_exit!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>.value_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>), <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>)
     };
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:ident.value_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:expr), <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty) =&gt; {
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>.value_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>) {
             <span class="kw">match </span>v.parse::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>&gt;() {
                 <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(val) =&gt; val,
                 <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="kw">_</span>) =&gt; ::clap::Error::value_validation_auto(<span class="macro">format!</span>(
                     <span class="string">&quot;The argument &#39;{}&#39; isn&#39;t a valid value&quot;</span>,
                     v
                 ))
                 .exit(),
             }
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             ::clap::Error::argument_not_found_auto(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>).exit()
         }
     };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Convenience macro getting a typed value [`Vec&lt;T&gt;`] where `T` implements [`std::str::FromStr`]
 /// This macro returns a [`clap::Result&lt;Vec&lt;T&gt;&gt;`] which allows you as the developer to decide
 /// what you&#39;d like to do on a failed parse.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # use clap::App;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let matches = App::new(&quot;myapp&quot;)
 ///               .arg_from_usage(&quot;[seq]... &#39;A sequence of pos whole nums, i.e. 20 45&#39;&quot;)
 ///               .get_matches();
 ///
 /// let vals = values_t!(matches.values_of(&quot;seq&quot;), u32).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit());
 /// for v in &amp;vals {
 ///     println!(&quot;{} + 2: {}&quot;, v, v + 2);
 /// }
 ///
 /// let vals = values_t!(matches, &quot;seq&quot;, u32).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit());
 /// for v in &amp;vals {
 ///     println!(&quot;{} + 2: {}&quot;, v, v + 2);
 /// }
 /// # }
 /// ```
 /// [`std::str::FromStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/str/trait.FromStr.html
 /// [`Vec&lt;T&gt;`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html
 /// [`clap::Result&lt;Vec&lt;T&gt;&gt;`]: ./type.Result.html
 </span><span class="attribute">#[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>values_t {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">values_t!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>.values_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>), <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>)
     };
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:ident.values_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:expr), <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty) =&gt; {
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(vals) = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>.values_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>) {
             <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>tmp = <span class="macro">vec!</span>[];
             <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>err = <span class="prelude-val">None</span>;
             <span class="kw">for </span>pv <span class="kw">in </span>vals {
                 <span class="kw">match </span>pv.parse::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>&gt;() {
                     <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(rv) =&gt; tmp.push(rv),
                     <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(..) =&gt; {
                         err = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(::clap::Error::value_validation_auto(<span class="macro">format!</span>(
                             <span class="string">&quot;The argument &#39;{}&#39; isn&#39;t a valid value&quot;</span>,
                             pv
                         )));
                         <span class="kw">break</span>;
                     }
                 }
             }
             <span class="kw">match </span>err {
                 <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(e) =&gt; <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(e),
                 <span class="prelude-val">None </span>=&gt; <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(tmp),
             }
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(::clap::Error::argument_not_found_auto(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>))
         }
     };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Convenience macro getting a typed value [`Vec&lt;T&gt;`] where `T` implements [`std::str::FromStr`]
 /// or exiting upon error.
 ///
 /// **NOTE:** This macro is for backwards compatibility sake. Prefer
 /// [`values_t!(/* ... */).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit())`]
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # use clap::App;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let matches = App::new(&quot;myapp&quot;)
 ///               .arg_from_usage(&quot;[seq]... &#39;A sequence of pos whole nums, i.e. 20 45&#39;&quot;)
 ///               .get_matches();
 ///
 /// let vals = values_t_or_exit!(matches.values_of(&quot;seq&quot;), u32);
 /// for v in &amp;vals {
 ///     println!(&quot;{} + 2: {}&quot;, v, v + 2);
 /// }
 ///
 /// // type for example only
 /// let vals: Vec&lt;u32&gt; = values_t_or_exit!(matches, &quot;seq&quot;, u32);
 /// for v in &amp;vals {
 ///     println!(&quot;{} + 2: {}&quot;, v, v + 2);
 /// }
 /// # }
 /// ```
 /// [`values_t!(/* ... */).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit())`]: ./macro.values_t!.html
 /// [`std::str::FromStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/str/trait.FromStr.html
 /// [`Vec&lt;T&gt;`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html
 </span><span class="attribute">#[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>values_t_or_exit {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">values_t_or_exit!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>.values_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>), <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>)
     };
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:ident.values_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:expr), <span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>:ty) =&gt; {
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(vals) = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>.values_of(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>) {
             vals.map(|v| {
                 v.parse::&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>&gt;().unwrap_or_else(|<span class="kw">_</span>| {
                     ::clap::Error::value_validation_auto(<span class="macro">format!</span>(
                         <span class="string">&quot;One or more arguments aren&#39;t valid values&quot;
                     </span>))
                     .exit()
                 })
             })
             .collect::&lt;Vec&lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$t</span>&gt;&gt;()
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             ::clap::Error::argument_not_found_auto(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>).exit()
         }
     };
 }

 <span class="comment">// _clap_count_exprs! is derived from https://github.com/DanielKeep/rust-grabbag
 // commit: 82a35ca5d9a04c3b920622d542104e3310ee5b07
 // License: MIT
 // Copyright ⓒ 2015 grabbag contributors.
 // Licensed under the MIT license (see LICENSE or &lt;http://opensource.org
 // /licenses/MIT&gt;) or the Apache License, Version 2.0 (see LICENSE of
 // &lt;http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0&gt;), at your option. All
 // files in the project carrying such notice may not be copied, modified,
 // or distributed except according to those terms.
 //
 </span><span class="doccomment">/// Counts the number of comma-delimited expressions passed to it.  The result is a compile-time
 /// evaluable expression, suitable for use as a static array size, or the value of a `const`.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```
 /// # #[macro_use] extern crate clap;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// const COUNT: usize = _clap_count_exprs!(a, 5+1, &quot;hi there!&quot;.into_string());
 /// assert_eq!(COUNT, 3);
 /// # }
 /// ```
 </span><span class="attribute">#[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>_clap_count_exprs {
     () =&gt; { <span class="number">0 </span>};
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:expr) =&gt; { <span class="number">1 </span>};
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:expr, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$es</span>:expr),+) =&gt; { <span class="number">1 </span>+ <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro">crate::_clap_count_exprs!</span>($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$es</span>),<span class="kw-2">*</span>) };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Convenience macro to generate more complete enums with variants to be used as a type when
 /// parsing arguments. This enum also provides a `variants()` function which can be used to
 /// retrieve a `Vec&lt;&amp;&#39;static str&gt;` of the variant names, as well as implementing [`FromStr`] and
 /// [`Display`] automatically.
 ///
 /// **NOTE:** Case insensitivity is supported for ASCII characters only. It&#39;s highly recommended to
 /// use [`Arg::case_insensitive(true)`] for args that will be used with these enums
 ///
 /// **NOTE:** This macro automatically implements [`std::str::FromStr`] and [`std::fmt::Display`]
 ///
 /// **NOTE:** These enums support pub (or not) and uses of the `#[derive()]` traits
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```rust
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
 /// arg_enum!{
 ///     #[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
 ///     pub enum Foo {
 ///         Bar,
 ///         Baz,
 ///         Qux
 ///     }
 /// }
 /// // Foo enum can now be used via Foo::Bar, or Foo::Baz, etc
 /// // and implements std::str::FromStr to use with the value_t! macros
 /// fn main() {
 ///     let m = App::new(&quot;app&quot;)
 ///                 .arg(Arg::from_usage(&quot;&lt;foo&gt; &#39;the foo&#39;&quot;)
 ///                     .possible_values(&amp;Foo::variants())
 ///                     .case_insensitive(true))
 ///                 .get_matches_from(vec![
 ///                     &quot;app&quot;, &quot;baz&quot;
 ///                 ]);
 ///     let f = value_t!(m, &quot;foo&quot;, Foo).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.exit());
 ///
 ///     assert_eq!(f, Foo::Baz);
 /// }
 /// ```
 /// [`FromStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/str/trait.FromStr.html
 /// [`std::str::FromStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/str/trait.FromStr.html
 /// [`Display`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/trait.Display.html
 /// [`std::fmt::Display`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/trait.Display.html
 /// [`Arg::case_insensitive(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.case_insensitive
 </span><span class="attribute">#[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>arg_enum {
     (@as_item $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$i</span>:item)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; ($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$i</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>);
     (@impls ( $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tts</span>:tt)* ) -&gt; (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:ident, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:ident),+)) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">arg_enum!</span>(@as_item
         $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tts</span>)*

         <span class="kw">impl </span>::std::str::FromStr <span class="kw">for </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
             <span class="kw">type </span><span class="prelude-val">Err </span>= String;

             <span class="kw">fn </span>from_str(s: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>str) -&gt; ::std::result::Result&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>,<span class="self">Self</span>::Err&gt; {
                 <span class="attribute">#[allow(deprecated, unused_imports)]
                 </span><span class="kw">use </span>::std::ascii::AsciiExt;
                 <span class="kw">match </span>s {
                     $(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>) |
                     <span class="kw">_ if </span>s.eq_ignore_ascii_case(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>)) =&gt; <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>::<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>)),+,
                     <span class="kw">_ </span>=&gt; <span class="prelude-val">Err</span>({
                         <span class="kw">let </span>v = <span class="macro">vec!</span>[
                             $(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),)+
                         ];
                         <span class="macro">format!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;valid values: {}&quot;</span>,
                             v.join(<span class="string">&quot;, &quot;</span>))
                     }),
                 }
             }
         }
         <span class="kw">impl </span>::std::fmt::Display <span class="kw">for </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
             <span class="kw">fn </span>fmt(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, f: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>::std::fmt::Formatter) -&gt; ::std::fmt::Result {
                 <span class="kw">match </span><span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="self">self </span>{
                     $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>::<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v </span>=&gt; <span class="macro">write!</span>(f, <span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>)),)+
                 }
             }
         }
         <span class="kw">impl </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
             <span class="attribute">#[allow(dead_code)]
             </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>variants() -&gt; [<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;static </span>str; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$</span><span class="macro">crate::_clap_count_exprs!</span>($(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>)),+)] {
                 [
                     $(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),)+
                 ]
             }
         });
     };
     ($(<span class="attribute">#[$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:meta),+]</span>)+ <span class="kw">pub enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:ident { $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:ident $(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>:expr)<span class="kw-2">*</span>,)+ } ) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">arg_enum!</span>(@impls
             ($(<span class="attribute">#[$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>),+]</span>)+
             <span class="kw">pub enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
                 $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>$(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+
             }) -&gt; (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),+)
         );
     };
     ($(<span class="attribute">#[$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:meta),+]</span>)+ <span class="kw">pub enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:ident { $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:ident $(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>:expr)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+ } ) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">arg_enum!</span>(@impls
             ($(<span class="attribute">#[$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>),+]</span>)+
             <span class="kw">pub enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
                 $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>$(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+
             }) -&gt; (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),+)
         );
     };
     ($(<span class="attribute">#[$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:meta),+]</span>)+ <span class="kw">enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:ident { $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:ident $(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>:expr)<span class="kw-2">*</span>,)+ } ) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">arg_enum!</span>(@impls
             ($(<span class="attribute">#[$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>),+]</span>)+
              <span class="kw">enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
                  $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>$(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+
              }) -&gt; (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),+)
         );
     };
     ($(<span class="attribute">#[$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:meta),+]</span>)+ <span class="kw">enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:ident { $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:ident $(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>:expr)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+ } ) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">arg_enum!</span>(@impls
             ($(<span class="attribute">#[$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>),+]</span>)+
             <span class="kw">enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
                 $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>$(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+
             }) -&gt; (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),+)
         );
     };
     (<span class="kw">pub enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:ident { $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:ident $(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>:expr)<span class="kw-2">*</span>,)+ } ) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">arg_enum!</span>(@impls
             (<span class="kw">pub enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
                 $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>$(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+
             }) -&gt; (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),+)
         );
     };
     (<span class="kw">pub enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:ident { $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:ident $(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>:expr)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+ } ) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">arg_enum!</span>(@impls
             (<span class="kw">pub enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
                 $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>$(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+
             }) -&gt; (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),+)
         );
     };
     (<span class="kw">enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:ident { $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:ident $(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>:expr)<span class="kw-2">*</span>,)+ } ) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">arg_enum!</span>(@impls
             (<span class="kw">enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
                 $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>$(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+
             }) -&gt; (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),+)
         );
     };
     (<span class="kw">enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>:ident { $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:ident $(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>:expr)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+ } ) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">arg_enum!</span>(@impls
             (<span class="kw">enum </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$e </span>{
                 $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>$(=<span class="macro-nonterminal">$val</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>),+
             }) -&gt; (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$e</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),+)
         );
     };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Allows you to pull the version from your Cargo.toml at compile time as
 /// `MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH_PKGVERSION_PRE`
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # use clap::App;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let m = App::new(&quot;app&quot;)
 ///             .version(crate_version!())
 ///             .get_matches();
 /// # }
 /// ```
 </span><span class="attribute">#[cfg(not(feature = <span class="string">&quot;no_cargo&quot;</span>))]
 #[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>crate_version {
     () =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">env!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;CARGO_PKG_VERSION&quot;</span>)
     };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Allows you to pull the authors for the app from your Cargo.toml at
 /// compile time in the form:
 /// `&quot;author1 lastname &lt;author1@example.com&gt;:author2 lastname &lt;author2@example.com&gt;&quot;`
 ///
 /// You can replace the colons with a custom separator by supplying a
 /// replacement string, so, for example,
 /// `crate_authors!(&quot;,\n&quot;)` would become
 /// `&quot;author1 lastname &lt;author1@example.com&gt;,\nauthor2 lastname &lt;author2@example.com&gt;,\nauthor3 lastname &lt;author3@example.com&gt;&quot;`
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # use clap::App;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let m = App::new(&quot;app&quot;)
 ///             .author(crate_authors!(&quot;\n&quot;))
 ///             .get_matches();
 /// # }
 /// ```
 </span><span class="attribute">#[cfg(not(feature = <span class="string">&quot;no_cargo&quot;</span>))]
 #[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>crate_authors {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$sep</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="kw">use </span>std::ops::Deref;
         <span class="attribute">#[allow(deprecated)]
         </span><span class="kw">use </span>std::sync::{Once, ONCE_INIT};

         <span class="attribute">#[allow(missing_copy_implementations)]
         #[allow(dead_code)]
         </span><span class="kw">struct </span>CargoAuthors {
             __private_field: (),
         };

         <span class="kw">impl </span>Deref <span class="kw">for </span>CargoAuthors {
             <span class="kw">type </span>Target = str;

             <span class="attribute">#[allow(unsafe_code)]
             </span><span class="kw">fn </span>deref(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;static </span>str {
                 <span class="attribute">#[allow(deprecated)]
                 </span><span class="kw">static </span>ONCE: Once = ONCE_INIT;
                 <span class="kw">static </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>VALUE: <span class="kw-2">*const </span>String = <span class="number">0 </span><span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span>String;

                 <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{
                     ONCE.call_once(|| {
                         <span class="kw">let </span>s = <span class="macro">env!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;CARGO_PKG_AUTHORS&quot;</span>).replace(<span class="string">&#39;:&#39;</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$sep</span>);
                         VALUE = Box::into_raw(Box::new(s));
                     });

                     <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>(<span class="kw-2">*</span>VALUE)[..]
                 }
             }
         }

         <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>CargoAuthors {
             __private_field: (),
         }
     }};
     () =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">env!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;CARGO_PKG_AUTHORS&quot;</span>)
     };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Allows you to pull the description from your Cargo.toml at compile time.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # use clap::App;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let m = App::new(&quot;app&quot;)
 ///             .about(crate_description!())
 ///             .get_matches();
 /// # }
 /// ```
 </span><span class="attribute">#[cfg(not(feature = <span class="string">&quot;no_cargo&quot;</span>))]
 #[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>crate_description {
     () =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">env!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;CARGO_PKG_DESCRIPTION&quot;</span>)
     };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Allows you to pull the name from your Cargo.toml at compile time.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # use clap::App;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let m = App::new(crate_name!())
 ///             .get_matches();
 /// # }
 /// ```
 </span><span class="attribute">#[cfg(not(feature = <span class="string">&quot;no_cargo&quot;</span>))]
 #[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>crate_name {
     () =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">env!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;CARGO_PKG_NAME&quot;</span>)
     };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Allows you to build the `App` instance from your Cargo.toml at compile time.
 ///
 /// Equivalent to using the `crate_*!` macros with their respective fields.
 ///
 /// Provided separator is for the [`crate_authors!`](macro.crate_authors.html) macro,
 /// refer to the documentation therefor.
 ///
 /// **NOTE:** Changing the values in your `Cargo.toml` does not trigger a re-build automatically,
 /// and therefore won&#39;t change the generated output until you recompile.
 ///
 /// **Pro Tip:** In some cases you can &quot;trick&quot; the compiler into triggering a rebuild when your
 /// `Cargo.toml` is changed by including this in your `src/main.rs` file
 /// `include_str!(&quot;../Cargo.toml&quot;);`
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let m = app_from_crate!().get_matches();
 /// # }
 /// ```
 </span><span class="attribute">#[cfg(not(feature = <span class="string">&quot;no_cargo&quot;</span>))]
 #[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>app_from_crate {
     () =&gt; {
         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::App::new</span>(<span class="macro">crate_name!</span>())
             .version(<span class="macro">crate_version!</span>())
             .author(<span class="macro">crate_authors!</span>())
             .about(<span class="macro">crate_description!</span>())
     };
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$sep</span>:expr) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::App::new</span>(<span class="macro">crate_name!</span>())
             .version(<span class="macro">crate_version!</span>())
             .author(<span class="macro">crate_authors!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$sep</span>))
             .about(<span class="macro">crate_description!</span>())
     };
 }

 <span class="doccomment">/// Build `App`, `Arg`s, `SubCommand`s and `Group`s with Usage-string like input
 /// but without the associated parsing runtime cost.
 ///
 /// `clap_app!` also supports several shorthand syntaxes.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # #[macro_use]
 /// # extern crate clap;
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let matches = clap_app!(myapp =&gt;
 ///     (version: &quot;1.0&quot;)
 ///     (author: &quot;Kevin K. &lt;kbknapp@gmail.com&gt;&quot;)
 ///     (about: &quot;Does awesome things&quot;)
 ///     (@arg CONFIG: -c --config +takes_value &quot;Sets a custom config file&quot;)
 ///     (@arg INPUT: +required &quot;Sets the input file to use&quot;)
 ///     (@arg debug: -d ... &quot;Sets the level of debugging information&quot;)
 ///     (@group difficulty =&gt;
 ///         (@arg hard: -h --hard &quot;Sets hard mode&quot;)
 ///         (@arg normal: -n --normal &quot;Sets normal mode&quot;)
 ///         (@arg easy: -e --easy &quot;Sets easy mode&quot;)
 ///     )
 ///     (@subcommand test =&gt;
 ///         (about: &quot;controls testing features&quot;)
 ///         (version: &quot;1.3&quot;)
 ///         (author: &quot;Someone E. &lt;someone_else@other.com&gt;&quot;)
 ///         (@arg verbose: -v --verbose &quot;Print test information verbosely&quot;)
 ///     )
 /// )
 /// .get_matches();
 /// # }
 /// ```
 /// # Shorthand Syntax for Args
 ///
 /// * A single hyphen followed by a character (such as `-c`) sets the [`Arg::short`]
 /// * A double hyphen followed by a character or word (such as `--config`) sets [`Arg::long`]
 ///   * If one wishes to use a [`Arg::long`] with a hyphen inside (i.e. `--config-file`), you
 ///     must use `--(&quot;config-file&quot;)` due to limitations of the Rust macro system.
 /// * Three dots (`...`) sets [`Arg::multiple(true)`]
 /// * Angled brackets after either a short or long will set [`Arg::value_name`] and
 /// `Arg::required(true)` such as `--config &lt;FILE&gt;` = `Arg::value_name(&quot;FILE&quot;)` and
 /// `Arg::required(true)`
 /// * Square brackets after either a short or long will set [`Arg::value_name`] and
 /// `Arg::required(false)` such as `--config [FILE]` = `Arg::value_name(&quot;FILE&quot;)` and
 /// `Arg::required(false)`
 /// * There are short hand syntaxes for Arg methods that accept booleans
 ///   * A plus sign will set that method to `true` such as `+required` = `Arg::required(true)`
 ///   * An exclamation will set that method to `false` such as `!required` = `Arg::required(false)`
 /// * A `#{min, max}` will set [`Arg::min_values(min)`] and [`Arg::max_values(max)`]
 /// * An asterisk (`*`) will set `Arg::required(true)`
 /// * Curly brackets around a `fn` will set [`Arg::validator`] as in `{fn}` = `Arg::validator(fn)`
 /// * An Arg method that accepts a string followed by square brackets will set that method such as
 /// `conflicts_with[FOO]` will set `Arg::conflicts_with(&quot;FOO&quot;)` (note the lack of quotes around
 /// `FOO` in the macro)
 /// * An Arg method that takes a string and can be set multiple times (such as
 /// [`Arg::conflicts_with`]) followed by square brackets and a list of values separated by spaces
 /// will set that method such as `conflicts_with[FOO BAR BAZ]` will set
 /// `Arg::conflicts_with(&quot;FOO&quot;)`, `Arg::conflicts_with(&quot;BAR&quot;)`, and `Arg::conflicts_with(&quot;BAZ&quot;)`
 /// (note the lack of quotes around the values in the macro)
 ///
 /// # Shorthand Syntax for Groups
 ///
 /// * There are short hand syntaxes for `ArgGroup` methods that accept booleans
 ///   * A plus sign will set that method to `true` such as `+required` = `ArgGroup::required(true)`
 ///   * An exclamation will set that method to `false` such as `!required` = `ArgGroup::required(false)`
 ///
 /// [`Arg::short`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.short
 /// [`Arg::long`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.long
 /// [`Arg::multiple(true)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.multiple
 /// [`Arg::value_name`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.value_name
 /// [`Arg::min_values(min)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.min_values
 /// [`Arg::max_values(max)`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.max_values
 /// [`Arg::validator`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.validator
 /// [`Arg::conflicts_with`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.conflicts_with
 </span><span class="attribute">#[macro_export]
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>clap_app {
     (@app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr)) =&gt; { <span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder </span>};
     (@app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr) (@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:expr): $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app
             (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>.arg(
                 <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::Arg::with_name</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>)) (-) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }))
             $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)*
         }
     };
     (@app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr) (@arg <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:ident: $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app
             (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>.arg(
                 <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::Arg::with_name</span>(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>))) (-) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }))
             $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)*
         }
     };
     (@app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr) (@setting <span class="macro-nonterminal">$setting</span>:ident) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app
             (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>.setting(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::AppSettings</span>::<span class="macro-nonterminal">$setting</span>))
             $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)*
         }
     };
 <span class="comment">// Treat the application builder as an argument to set its attributes
     </span>(@app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr) (@attributes $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$attr</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app (<span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$attr</span>)* }) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)* }
     };
     (@app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr) (@group <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:ident =&gt; $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app
             (<span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @group (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::ArgGroup::with_name</span>(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>))) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* })
             $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)*
         }
     };
     (@app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr) (@group <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:ident !<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>:ident =&gt; $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app
             (<span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @group (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::ArgGroup::with_name</span>(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>)).<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>(<span class="bool-val">false</span>)) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* })
             $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)*
         }
     };
     (@app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr) (@group <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:ident +<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>:ident =&gt; $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app
             (<span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @group (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::ArgGroup::with_name</span>(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>)).<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>(<span class="bool-val">true</span>)) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* })
             $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)*
         }
     };
 <span class="comment">// Handle subcommand creation
     </span>(@app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr) (@subcommand <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:ident =&gt; $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app
             (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>.subcommand(
                 <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::SubCommand::with_name</span>(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>))) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
             ))
             $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)*
         }
     };
 <span class="comment">// Yaml like function calls - used for setting various meta directly against the app
     </span>(@app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr) (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>:ident: $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:expr),<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
 <span class="comment">// clap_app!{ @app ($builder.$ident($($v),*)) $($tt)* }
         </span><span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app
             (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>),<span class="kw-2">*</span>))
             $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)*
         }
     };

 <span class="comment">// Add members to group and continue argument handling with the parent builder
     </span>(@group (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$group</span>:expr)) =&gt; { <span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>.group(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$group</span>) };
     <span class="comment">// Treat the group builder as an argument to set its attributes
     </span>(@group (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$group</span>:expr) (@attributes $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$attr</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @group (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>, <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$group</span>) (-) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$attr</span>)* }) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)* }
     };
     (@group (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$group</span>:expr) (@arg <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:ident: $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @group
             (<span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$builder</span>) (@arg <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>: $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) },
              <span class="macro-nonterminal">$group</span>.arg(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>)))
             $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tt</span>)*
         }
     };

 <span class="comment">// No more tokens to munch
     </span>(@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt) =&gt; { <span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg </span>};
 <span class="comment">// Shorthand tokens influenced by the usage_string
     </span>(@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt --(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>:expr) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.long(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>)) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
     (@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt --<span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>:ident $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.long(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>))) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
     (@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt -<span class="macro-nonterminal">$short</span>:ident $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.short(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$short</span>))) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
     (@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) (-) &lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$var</span>:ident&gt; $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.value_name(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$var</span>))) (+) +takes_value +required $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
     (@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) (+) &lt;<span class="macro-nonterminal">$var</span>:ident&gt; $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.value_name(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$var</span>))) (+) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
     (@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) (-) [<span class="macro-nonterminal">$var</span>:ident] $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.value_name(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$var</span>))) (+) +takes_value $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
     (@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) (+) [<span class="macro-nonterminal">$var</span>:ident] $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.value_name(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$var</span>))) (+) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
     (@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt ... $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>+multiple $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
 <span class="comment">// Shorthand magic
     </span>(@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt #{<span class="macro-nonterminal">$n</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>:expr} $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>min_values(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$n</span>) max_values(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$m</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
     (@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt * $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>+required $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
 <span class="comment">// !foo -&gt; .foo(false)
     </span>(@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt !<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>:ident $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>(<span class="bool-val">false</span>)) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
 <span class="comment">// +foo -&gt; .foo(true)
     </span>(@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt +<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>:ident $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>(<span class="bool-val">true</span>)) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
 <span class="comment">// Validator
     </span>(@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt {<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fn_</span>:expr} $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.validator(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fn_</span>)) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
     (@as_expr <span class="macro-nonterminal">$expr</span>:expr) =&gt; { <span class="macro-nonterminal">$expr </span>};
 <span class="comment">// Help
     </span>(@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt <span class="macro-nonterminal">$desc</span>:tt) =&gt; { <span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.help(<span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @as_expr <span class="macro-nonterminal">$desc </span>}) };
 <span class="comment">// Handle functions that need to be called multiple times for each argument
     </span>(@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt <span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>:ident[$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$target</span>:ident)<span class="kw-2">*</span>] $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg </span>$( .<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$target</span>)) )<span class="kw-2">*</span>) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
 <span class="comment">// Inherit builder&#39;s functions, e.g. `index(2)`, `requires_if(&quot;val&quot;, &quot;arg&quot;)`
     </span>(@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt <span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>:ident($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$expr</span>:expr),<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$expr</span>),<span class="kw-2">*</span>)) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
 <span class="comment">// Inherit builder&#39;s functions with trailing comma, e.g. `index(2,)`, `requires_if(&quot;val&quot;, &quot;arg&quot;,)`
     </span>(@arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:expr) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes</span>:tt <span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>:ident($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$expr</span>:expr,)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @arg (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$ident</span>($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$expr</span>),<span class="kw-2">*</span>)) <span class="macro-nonterminal">$modes </span>$(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };

 <span class="comment">// Build a subcommand outside of an app.
     </span>(@subcommand <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:ident =&gt; $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::SubCommand::with_name</span>(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>))) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)* }
     };
 <span class="comment">// Start the magic
     </span>((<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:expr) =&gt; $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::App::new</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>)) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>}
     }};

     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:ident =&gt; $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">clap_app!</span>{ @app (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$crate::App::new</span>(<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>))) $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$tail</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>}
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>impl_settings {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$n</span>:ident, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v</span>:ident =&gt; <span class="macro-nonterminal">$c</span>:path),+) =&gt; {
         <span class="kw">pub fn </span>set(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, s: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$n</span>) {
             <span class="kw">match </span>s {
                 $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$n</span>::<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v </span>=&gt; <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.insert(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$c</span>)),+
             }
         }

         <span class="kw">pub fn </span>unset(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, s: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$n</span>) {
             <span class="kw">match </span>s {
                 $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$n</span>::<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v </span>=&gt; <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.remove(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$c</span>)),+
             }
         }

         <span class="kw">pub fn </span>is_set(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, s: <span class="macro-nonterminal">$n</span>) -&gt; bool {
             <span class="kw">match </span>s {
                 $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$n</span>::<span class="macro-nonterminal">$v </span>=&gt; <span class="self">self</span>.<span class="number">0</span>.contains(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$c</span>)),+
             }
         }
     };
 }

 <span class="comment">// Convenience for writing to stderr thanks to https://github.com/BurntSushi
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>wlnerr(
     (@nopanic $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; ({
         <span class="kw">use </span>std::io::{Write, stderr};
         <span class="kw">let _ </span>= <span class="macro">writeln!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>stderr().lock(), $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>);
     });
     ($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; ({
         <span class="kw">use </span>std::io::{Write, stderr};
         <span class="macro">writeln!</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>stderr(), $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>).ok();
     })
 );

 <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;debug&quot;</span>)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = <span class="string">&quot;debug&quot;</span>, macro_use)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = <span class="string">&quot;debug&quot;</span>, allow(unused_macros))]
 </span><span class="kw">mod </span>debug_macros {
     <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>debugln {
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr) =&gt; (<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="macro">concat!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;DEBUG:clap:&quot;</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>)));
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; (<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="macro">concat!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;DEBUG:clap:&quot;</span>,<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>), $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>));
     }
     <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>sdebugln {
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr) =&gt; (<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>));
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; (<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>));
     }
     <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>debug {
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr) =&gt; (<span class="macro">print!</span>(<span class="macro">concat!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;DEBUG:clap:&quot;</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>)));
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; (<span class="macro">print!</span>(<span class="macro">concat!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;DEBUG:clap:&quot;</span>,<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>), $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>));
     }
     <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>sdebug {
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr) =&gt; (<span class="macro">print!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>));
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; (<span class="macro">print!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>)<span class="kw-2">*</span>));
     }
 }

 <span class="attribute">#[cfg(not(feature = <span class="string">&quot;debug&quot;</span>))]
 #[cfg_attr(not(feature = <span class="string">&quot;debug&quot;</span>), macro_use)]
 </span><span class="kw">mod </span>debug_macros {
     <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>debugln {
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr) =&gt; {};
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {};
     }
     <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>sdebugln {
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr) =&gt; {};
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {};
     }
     <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>debug {
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr) =&gt; {};
         (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$fmt</span>:expr, $(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg</span>:tt)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; {};
     }
 }

 <span class="comment">// Helper/deduplication macro for printing the correct number of spaces in help messages
 // used in:
 //    src/args/arg_builder/*.rs
 //    src/app/mod.rs
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>write_nspaces {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$dst</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$num</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">debugln!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;write_spaces!: num={}&quot;</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$num</span>);
         <span class="kw">for _ in </span><span class="number">0</span>..<span class="macro-nonterminal">$num </span>{
             <span class="macro-nonterminal">$dst</span>.write_all(<span class="string">b&quot; &quot;</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
         }
     }};
 }

 <span class="comment">// convenience macro for remove an item from a vec
 //macro_rules! vec_remove_all {
 //    ($vec:expr, $to_rem:expr) =&gt; {
 //        debugln!(&quot;vec_remove_all! to_rem={:?}&quot;, $to_rem);
 //        for i in (0 .. $vec.len()).rev() {
 //            let should_remove = $to_rem.any(|name| name == &amp;$vec[i]);
 //            if should_remove { $vec.swap_remove(i); }
 //        }
 //    };
 //}
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>find_from {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg_name</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$from</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$matcher</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>ret = <span class="prelude-val">None</span>;
         <span class="kw">for </span>k <span class="kw">in </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$matcher</span>.arg_names() {
             <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(f) = <span class="macro">find_by_name!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, k, flags, iter) {
                 <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">ref </span>v) = f.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$from</span>() {
                     <span class="kw">if </span>v.contains(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg_name</span>) {
                         ret = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(f.to_string());
                     }
                 }
             }
             <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(o) = <span class="macro">find_by_name!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, k, opts, iter) {
                 <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">ref </span>v) = o.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$from</span>() {
                     <span class="kw">if </span>v.contains(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg_name</span>) {
                         ret = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(o.to_string());
                     }
                 }
             }
             <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(pos) = <span class="macro">find_by_name!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, k, positionals, values) {
                 <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">ref </span>v) = pos.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$from</span>() {
                     <span class="kw">if </span>v.contains(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$arg_name</span>) {
                         ret = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(pos.b.name.to_owned());
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
         ret
     }};
 }

 <span class="comment">//macro_rules! find_name_from {
 //    ($_self:expr, $arg_name:expr, $from:ident, $matcher:expr) =&gt; {{
 //        let mut ret = None;
 //        for k in $matcher.arg_names() {
 //            if let Some(f) = find_by_name!($_self, k, flags, iter) {
 //                if let Some(ref v) = f.$from() {
 //                    if v.contains($arg_name) {
 //                        ret = Some(f.b.name);
 //                    }
 //                }
 //            }
 //            if let Some(o) = find_by_name!($_self, k, opts, iter) {
 //                if let Some(ref v) = o.$from() {
 //                    if v.contains(&amp;$arg_name) {
 //                        ret = Some(o.b.name);
 //                    }
 //                }
 //            }
 //            if let Some(pos) = find_by_name!($_self, k, positionals, values) {
 //                if let Some(ref v) = pos.$from() {
 //                    if v.contains($arg_name) {
 //                        ret = Some(pos.b.name);
 //                    }
 //                }
 //            }
 //        }
 //        ret
 //    }};
 //}

 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>find_any_by_name {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$p</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="kw">fn </span>as_trait_obj&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>, T: AnyArg&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt;&gt;(x: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>T) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>AnyArg&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt; {
             x
         }
         <span class="macro">find_by_name!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$p</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>, flags, iter)
             .map(as_trait_obj)
             .or(<span class="macro">find_by_name!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$p</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>, opts, iter)
                 .map(as_trait_obj)
                 .or(<span class="macro">find_by_name!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$p</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>, positionals, values).map(as_trait_obj)))
     }};
 }
 <span class="comment">// Finds an arg by name
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>find_by_name {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$p</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$what</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$how</span>:ident) =&gt; {
         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$p</span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$what</span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$how</span>().find(|o| o.b.name == <span class="macro-nonterminal">$name</span>)
     };
 }

 <span class="comment">// Finds an option including if it&#39;s aliased
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>find_opt_by_long {
     (@os <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">_find_by_long!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>, opts)
     }};
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">_find_by_long!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>, opts)
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>find_flag_by_long {
     (@os <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">_find_by_long!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>, flags)
     }};
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">_find_by_long!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>, flags)
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>_find_by_long {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$what</span>:ident) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self
             </span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$what
             </span>.iter()
             .filter(|a| a.s.long.is_some())
             .find(|a| {
                 a.s.long.unwrap() == <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long
                     </span>|| (a.s.aliases.is_some()
                         &amp;&amp; a.s
                             .aliases
                             .as_ref()
                             .unwrap()
                             .iter()
                             .any(|<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>(alias, <span class="kw">_</span>)| alias == <span class="macro-nonterminal">$long</span>))
             })
     }};
 }

 <span class="comment">// Finds an option
 </span><span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>find_opt_by_short {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$short</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">_find_by_short!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$short</span>, opts)
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>find_flag_by_short {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$short</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">_find_by_short!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$short</span>, flags)
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>_find_by_short {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$short</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$what</span>:ident) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self
             </span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$what
             </span>.iter()
             .filter(|a| a.s.short.is_some())
             .find(|a| a.s.short.unwrap() == <span class="macro-nonterminal">$short</span>)
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>find_subcmd {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:expr, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$sc</span>:expr) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>.subcommands.iter().find(|s| {
             <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>s.p.meta.name == <span class="macro-nonterminal">$sc
                 </span>|| (s.p.meta.aliases.is_some()
                     &amp;&amp; s.p
                         .meta
                         .aliases
                         .as_ref()
                         .unwrap()
                         .iter()
                         .any(|<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>(n, <span class="kw">_</span>)| n == <span class="macro-nonterminal">$sc</span>))
         })
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>shorts {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">_shorts_longs!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, short)
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>longs {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">_shorts_longs!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>, long)
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>_shorts_longs {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$what</span>:ident) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self
             </span>.flags
             .iter()
             .filter(|f| f.s.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$what</span>.is_some())
             .map(|f| f.s.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$what</span>.as_ref().unwrap())
             .chain(
                 <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self
                     </span>.opts
                     .iter()
                     .filter(|o| o.s.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$what</span>.is_some())
                     .map(|o| o.s.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$what</span>.as_ref().unwrap()),
             )
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>arg_names {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">_names!</span>(@args <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>)
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>sc_names {
     (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro">_names!</span>(@sc <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>)
     }};
 }

 <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>_names {
     (@args <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>.flags.iter().map(|f| <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>f.b.name).chain(
             <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self
                 </span>.opts
                 .iter()
                 .map(|o| <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>o.b.name)
                 .chain(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>.positionals.values().map(|p| <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>p.b.name)),
         )
     }};
     (@sc <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>:ident) =&gt; {{
         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self</span>.subcommands.iter().map(|s| <span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>s.p.meta.name).chain(
             <span class="macro-nonterminal">$_self
                 </span>.subcommands
                 .iter()
                 .filter(|s| s.p.meta.aliases.is_some())
                 .flat_map(|s| s.p.meta.aliases.as_ref().unwrap().iter().map(|<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>(n, <span class="kw">_</span>)| n)),
         )
     }};
 }
 </code></pre></div>
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