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 <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Source of the Rust file `/root/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/clap-2.34.0/src/app/mod.rs`."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang"><title>mod.rs - source</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../SourceSerif4-Regular.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../FiraSans-Regular.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../FiraSans-Medium.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../SourceCodePro-Regular.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../SourceSerif4-Bold.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../../SourceCodePro-Semibold.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../normalize.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../rustdoc.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../ayu.css" disabled><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../dark.css" disabled><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../light.css" id="themeStyle"><script id="default-settings" ></script><script src="../../../storage.js"></script><script defer src="../../../source-script.js"></script><script defer src="../../../source-files.js"></script><script defer src="../../../main.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../noscript.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../../favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../../favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../../favicon.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc source"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="sidebar"><a class="sidebar-logo" href="../../../clap/index.html"><div class="logo-container"><img class="rust-logo" src="../../../rust-logo.svg" alt="logo"></div></a></nav><main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><a class="sub-logo-container" href="../../../clap/index.html"><img class="rust-logo" src="../../../rust-logo.svg" alt="logo"></a><form class="search-form"><div class="search-container"><span></span><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" title="help" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../../help.html">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../../wheel.svg"></a></div></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="example-wrap"><pre class="src-line-numbers"><span id="1">1</span>
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 </pre><pre class="rust"><code><span class="kw">mod </span>help;
 <span class="kw">mod </span>meta;
 <span class="kw">pub mod </span>parser;
 <span class="kw">mod </span>settings;
 <span class="kw">mod </span>usage;
 <span class="kw">mod </span>validator;

 <span class="comment">// Std
 </span><span class="kw">use </span>std::result::Result <span class="kw">as </span>StdResult;
 <span class="kw">use </span>std::{
     env,
     ffi::{OsStr, OsString},
     fmt,
     io::{<span class="self">self</span>, BufRead, BufWriter, Write},
     path::Path,
     process,
     rc::Rc,
 };

 <span class="comment">// Third Party
 </span><span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;yaml&quot;</span>)]
 </span><span class="kw">use </span>yaml_rust::Yaml;

 <span class="comment">// Internal
 </span><span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::errors::Result <span class="kw">as </span>ClapResult;
 <span class="kw">use crate</span>::{
     app::{help::Help, parser::Parser},
     args::{AnyArg, Arg, ArgGroup, ArgMatcher, ArgMatches, ArgSettings},
     completions::Shell,
     map::{<span class="self">self</span>, VecMap},
 };
 <span class="kw">pub use </span>settings::AppSettings;

 <span class="doccomment">/// Used to create a representation of a command line program and all possible command line
 /// arguments. Application settings are set using the &quot;builder pattern&quot; with the
 /// [`App::get_matches`] family of methods being the terminal methods that starts the
 /// runtime-parsing process. These methods then return information about the user supplied
 /// arguments (or lack there of).
 ///
 /// **NOTE:** There aren&#39;t any mandatory &quot;options&quot; that one must set. The &quot;options&quot; may
 /// also appear in any order (so long as one of the [`App::get_matches`] methods is the last method
 /// called).
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```no_run
 /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
 /// let m = App::new(&quot;My Program&quot;)
 ///     .author(&quot;Me, me@mail.com&quot;)
 ///     .version(&quot;1.0.2&quot;)
 ///     .about(&quot;Explains in brief what the program does&quot;)
 ///     .arg(
 ///         Arg::with_name(&quot;in_file&quot;).index(1)
 ///     )
 ///     .after_help(&quot;Longer explanation to appear after the options when \
 ///                  displaying the help information from --help or -h&quot;)
 ///     .get_matches();
 ///
 /// // Your program logic starts here...
 /// ```
 /// [`App::get_matches`]: ./struct.App.html#method.get_matches
 </span><span class="attribute">#[allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
 </span><span class="kw">pub struct </span>App&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt;
 <span class="kw">where
     </span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>: <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>,
 {
     <span class="attribute">#[doc(hidden)]
     </span><span class="kw">pub </span>p: Parser&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt;,
 }

 <span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt; App&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt; {
     <span class="doccomment">/// Creates a new instance of an application requiring a name. The name may be, but doesn&#39;t
     /// have to be same as the binary. The name will be displayed to the user when they request to
     /// print version or help and usage information.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// let prog = App::new(&quot;My Program&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>new&lt;S: Into&lt;String&gt;&gt;(n: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         App {
             p: Parser::with_name(n.into()),
         }
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Get the name of the app
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>get_name(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>str {
         <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.name
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Get the name of the binary
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>get_bin_name(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>str&gt; {
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.bin_name.as_deref()
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Creates a new instance of an application requiring a name, but uses the [`crate_authors!`]
     /// and [`crate_version!`] macros to fill in the [`App::author`] and [`App::version`] fields.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// let prog = App::with_defaults(&quot;My Program&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`crate_authors!`]: ./macro.crate_authors!.html
     /// [`crate_version!`]: ./macro.crate_version!.html
     /// [`App::author`]: ./struct.App.html#method.author
     /// [`App::version`]: ./struct.App.html#method.author
     </span><span class="attribute">#[deprecated(
         since = <span class="string">&quot;2.14.1&quot;</span>,
         note = <span class="string">&quot;Can never work; use explicit App::author() and App::version() calls instead&quot;
     </span>)]
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>with_defaults&lt;S: Into&lt;String&gt;&gt;(n: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>a = App {
             p: Parser::with_name(n.into()),
         };
         a.p.meta.author = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Kevin K. &lt;kbknapp@gmail.com&gt;&quot;</span>);
         a.p.meta.version = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="string">&quot;2.19.2&quot;</span>);
         a
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Creates a new instance of [`App`] from a .yml (YAML) file. A full example of supported YAML
     /// objects can be found in [`examples/17_yaml.rs`] and [`examples/17_yaml.yml`]. One great use
     /// for using YAML is when supporting multiple languages and dialects, as each language could
     /// be a distinct YAML file and determined at compiletime via `cargo` &quot;features&quot; in your
     /// `Cargo.toml`
     ///
     /// In order to use this function you must compile `clap` with the `features = [&quot;yaml&quot;]` in
     /// your settings for the `[dependencies.clap]` table of your `Cargo.toml`
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** Due to how the YAML objects are built there is a convenience macro for loading
     /// the YAML file at compile time (relative to the current file, like modules work). That YAML
     /// object can then be passed to this function.
     ///
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// The YAML file must be properly formatted or this function will [`panic!`]. A good way to
     /// ensure this doesn&#39;t happen is to run your program with the `--help` switch. If this passes
     /// without error, you needn&#39;t worry because the YAML is properly formatted.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// The following example shows how to load a properly formatted YAML file to build an instance
     /// of an [`App`] struct.
     ///
     /// ```ignore
     /// # #[macro_use]
     /// # extern crate clap;
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// # fn main() {
     /// let yml = load_yaml!(&quot;app.yml&quot;);
     /// let app = App::from_yaml(yml);
     ///
     /// // continued logic goes here, such as `app.get_matches()` etc.
     /// # }
     /// ```
     /// [`App`]: ./struct.App.html
     /// [`examples/17_yaml.rs`]: https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/blob/v2.33.1/examples/17_yaml.rs
     /// [`examples/17_yaml.yml`]: https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/blob/v2.33.1/examples/17_yaml.yml
     /// [`panic!`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.panic!.html
     </span><span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;yaml&quot;</span>)]
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>from_yaml(yaml: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a </span>Yaml) -&gt; App&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; {
         App::from(yaml)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets a string of author(s) that will be displayed to the user when they
     /// request the help information with `--help` or `-h`.
     ///
     /// **Pro-tip:** Use `clap`s convenience macro [`crate_authors!`] to automatically set your
     /// application&#39;s author(s) to the same thing as your crate at compile time. See the [`examples/`]
     /// directory for more information
     ///
     /// See the [`examples/`]
     /// directory for more information
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///      .author(&quot;Me, me@mymain.com&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`crate_authors!`]: ./macro.crate_authors!.html
     /// [`examples/`]: https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/tree/v2.33.1/examples
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>author&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, author: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.author = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(author.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Overrides the system-determined binary name. This should only be used when absolutely
     /// necessary, such as when the binary name for your application is misleading, or perhaps
     /// *not* how the user should invoke your program.
     ///
     /// **Pro-tip:** When building things such as third party `cargo` subcommands, this setting
     /// **should** be used!
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** This command **should not** be used for [`SubCommand`]s.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;My Program&quot;)
     ///      .bin_name(&quot;my_binary&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>bin_name&lt;S: Into&lt;String&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, name: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.bin_name = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(name.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets a string describing what the program does. This will be displayed when displaying help
     /// information with `-h`.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** If only `about` is provided, and not [`App::long_about`] but the user requests
     /// `--help` clap will still display the contents of `about` appropriately
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** Only [`App::about`] is used in completion script generation in order to be
     /// concise
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .about(&quot;Does really amazing things to great people&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`App::long_about`]: ./struct.App.html#method.long_about
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>about&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, about: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.about = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(about.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets a string describing what the program does. This will be displayed when displaying help
     /// information.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** If only `long_about` is provided, and not [`App::about`] but the user requests
     /// `-h` clap will still display the contents of `long_about` appropriately
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** Only [`App::about`] is used in completion script generation in order to be
     /// concise
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .long_about(
     /// &quot;Does really amazing things to great people. Now let&#39;s talk a little
     ///  more in depth about how this subcommand really works. It may take about
     ///  a few lines of text, but that&#39;s ok!&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`App::about`]: ./struct.App.html#method.about
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>long_about&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, about: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.long_about = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(about.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets the program&#39;s name. This will be displayed when displaying help information.
     ///
     /// **Pro-top:** This function is particularly useful when configuring a program via
     /// [`App::from_yaml`] in conjunction with the [`crate_name!`] macro to derive the program&#39;s
     /// name from its `Cargo.toml`.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     /// ```ignore
     /// # #[macro_use]
     /// # extern crate clap;
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// # fn main() {
     /// let yml = load_yaml!(&quot;app.yml&quot;);
     /// let app = App::from_yaml(yml)
     ///     .name(crate_name!());
     ///
     /// // continued logic goes here, such as `app.get_matches()` etc.
     /// # }
     /// ```
     ///
     /// [`App::from_yaml`]: ./struct.App.html#method.from_yaml
     /// [`crate_name!`]: ./macro.crate_name.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>name&lt;S: Into&lt;String&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, name: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.name = name.into();
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Adds additional help information to be displayed in addition to auto-generated help. This
     /// information is displayed **after** the auto-generated help information. This is often used
     /// to describe how to use the arguments, or caveats to be noted.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .after_help(&quot;Does really amazing things to great people...but be careful with -R&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>after_help&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, help: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.more_help = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(help.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Adds additional help information to be displayed in addition to auto-generated help. This
     /// information is displayed **before** the auto-generated help information. This is often used
     /// for header information.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .before_help(&quot;Some info I&#39;d like to appear before the help info&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>before_help&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, help: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.pre_help = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(help.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets a string of the version number to be displayed when displaying version or help
     /// information with `-V`.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** If only `version` is provided, and not [`App::long_version`] but the user
     /// requests `--version` clap will still display the contents of `version` appropriately
     ///
     /// **Pro-tip:** Use `clap`s convenience macro [`crate_version!`] to automatically set your
     /// application&#39;s version to the same thing as your crate at compile time. See the [`examples/`]
     /// directory for more information
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .version(&quot;v0.1.24&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`crate_version!`]: ./macro.crate_version!.html
     /// [`examples/`]: https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/tree/v2.33.1/examples
     /// [`App::long_version`]: ./struct.App.html#method.long_version
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>version&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, ver: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.version = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(ver.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets a string of the version number to be displayed when displaying version or help
     /// information with `--version`.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** If only `long_version` is provided, and not [`App::version`] but the user
     /// requests `-V` clap will still display the contents of `long_version` appropriately
     ///
     /// **Pro-tip:** Use `clap`s convenience macro [`crate_version!`] to automatically set your
     /// application&#39;s version to the same thing as your crate at compile time. See the [`examples/`]
     /// directory for more information
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .long_version(
     /// &quot;v0.1.24
     ///  commit: abcdef89726d
     ///  revision: 123
     ///  release: 2
     ///  binary: myprog&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`crate_version!`]: ./macro.crate_version!.html
     /// [`examples/`]: https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/tree/v2.33.1/examples
     /// [`App::version`]: ./struct.App.html#method.version
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>long_version&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, ver: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.long_version = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(ver.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets a custom usage string to override the auto-generated usage string.
     ///
     /// This will be displayed to the user when errors are found in argument parsing, or when you
     /// call [`ArgMatches::usage`]
     ///
     /// **CAUTION:** Using this setting disables `clap`s &quot;context-aware&quot; usage strings. After this
     /// setting is set, this will be the only usage string displayed to the user!
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** You do not need to specify the &quot;USAGE: \n\t&quot; portion, as that will
     /// still be applied by `clap`, you only need to specify the portion starting
     /// with the binary name.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** This will not replace the entire help message, *only* the portion
     /// showing the usage.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .usage(&quot;myapp [-clDas] &lt;some_file&gt;&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`ArgMatches::usage`]: ./struct.ArgMatches.html#method.usage
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>usage&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, usage: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.usage_str = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(usage.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets a custom help message and overrides the auto-generated one. This should only be used
     /// when the auto-generated message does not suffice.
     ///
     /// This will be displayed to the user when they use `--help` or `-h`
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** This replaces the **entire** help message, so nothing will be auto-generated.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** This **only** replaces the help message for the current command, meaning if you
     /// are using subcommands, those help messages will still be auto-generated unless you
     /// specify a [`Arg::help`] for them as well.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myapp&quot;)
     ///     .help(&quot;myapp v1.0\n\
     ///            Does awesome things\n\
     ///            (C) me@mail.com\n\n\
     ///
     ///            USAGE: myapp &lt;opts&gt; &lt;command&gt;\n\n\
     ///
     ///            Options:\n\
     ///            -h, --help       Display this message\n\
     ///            -V, --version    Display version info\n\
     ///            -s &lt;stuff&gt;       Do something with stuff\n\
     ///            -v               Be verbose\n\n\
     ///
     ///            Commmands:\n\
     ///            help             Prints this message\n\
     ///            work             Do some work&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`Arg::help`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.help
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>help&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, help: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.help_str = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(help.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets the [`short`] for the auto-generated `help` argument.
     ///
     /// By default `clap` automatically assigns `h`, but this can be overridden if you have a
     /// different argument which you&#39;d prefer to use the `-h` short with. This can be done by
     /// defining your own argument with a lowercase `h` as the [`short`].
     ///
     /// `clap` lazily generates these `help` arguments **after** you&#39;ve defined any arguments of
     /// your own.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** Any leading `-` characters will be stripped, and only the first
     /// non `-` character will be used as the [`short`] version
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .help_short(&quot;H&quot;) // Using an uppercase `H` instead of the default lowercase `h`
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`short`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.short
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>help_short&lt;S: AsRef&lt;str&gt; + <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, s: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.help_short(s.as_ref());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets the [`short`] for the auto-generated `version` argument.
     ///
     /// By default `clap` automatically assigns `V`, but this can be overridden if you have a
     /// different argument which you&#39;d prefer to use the `-V` short with. This can be done by
     /// defining your own argument with an uppercase `V` as the [`short`].
     ///
     /// `clap` lazily generates these `version` arguments **after** you&#39;ve defined any arguments of
     /// your own.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** Any leading `-` characters will be stripped, and only the first
     /// non `-` character will be used as the `short` version
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .version_short(&quot;v&quot;) // Using a lowercase `v` instead of the default capital `V`
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`short`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.short
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>version_short&lt;S: AsRef&lt;str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, s: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.version_short(s.as_ref());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets the help text for the auto-generated `help` argument.
     ///
     /// By default `clap` sets this to `&quot;Prints help information&quot;`, but if you&#39;re using a
     /// different convention for your help messages and would prefer a different phrasing you can
     /// override it.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .help_message(&quot;Print help information&quot;) // Perhaps you want imperative help messages
     ///
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>help_message&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, s: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.help_message = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(s.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets the help text for the auto-generated `version` argument.
     ///
     /// By default `clap` sets this to `&quot;Prints version information&quot;`, but if you&#39;re using a
     /// different convention for your help messages and would prefer a different phrasing then you
     /// can change it.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .version_message(&quot;Print version information&quot;) // Perhaps you want imperative help messages
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>version_message&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, s: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.version_message = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(s.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets the help template to be used, overriding the default format.
     ///
     /// Tags arg given inside curly brackets.
     ///
     /// Valid tags are:
     ///
     ///   * `{bin}`         - Binary name.
     ///   * `{version}`     - Version number.
     ///   * `{author}`      - Author information.
     ///   * `{about}`       - General description (from [`App::about`])
     ///   * `{usage}`       - Automatically generated or given usage string.
     ///   * `{all-args}`    - Help for all arguments (options, flags, positionals arguments,
     ///                       and subcommands) including titles.
     ///   * `{unified}`     - Unified help for options and flags. Note, you must *also* set
     ///                       [`AppSettings::UnifiedHelpMessage`] to fully merge both options and
     ///                       flags, otherwise the ordering is &quot;best effort&quot;
     ///   * `{flags}`       - Help for flags.
     ///   * `{options}`     - Help for options.
     ///   * `{positionals}` - Help for positionals arguments.
     ///   * `{subcommands}` - Help for subcommands.
     ///   * `{after-help}`  - Help from [`App::after_help`]
     ///   * `{before-help}`  - Help from [`App::before_help`]
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .version(&quot;1.0&quot;)
     ///     .template(&quot;{bin} ({version}) - {usage}&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// **NOTE:** The template system is, on purpose, very simple. Therefore the tags have to be
     /// written in lowercase and without spacing.
     ///
     /// [`App::about`]: ./struct.App.html#method.about
     /// [`App::after_help`]: ./struct.App.html#method.after_help
     /// [`App::before_help`]: ./struct.App.html#method.before_help
     /// [`AppSettings::UnifiedHelpMessage`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html#variant.UnifiedHelpMessage
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>template&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, s: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.template = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(s.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Enables a single command, or [`SubCommand`], level settings.
     ///
     /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg, AppSettings};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .setting(AppSettings::SubcommandRequired)
     ///     .setting(AppSettings::WaitOnError)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>setting(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, setting: AppSettings) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.set(setting);
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Enables multiple command, or [`SubCommand`], level settings
     ///
     /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg, AppSettings};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .settings(&amp;[AppSettings::SubcommandRequired,
     ///                  AppSettings::WaitOnError])
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>settings(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, settings: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[AppSettings]) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">for </span>s <span class="kw">in </span>settings {
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.set(<span class="kw-2">*</span>s);
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Enables a single setting that is propagated down through all child [`SubCommand`]s.
     ///
     /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples.
     ///
     /// **NOTE**: The setting is *only* propagated *down* and not up through parent commands.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg, AppSettings};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .global_setting(AppSettings::SubcommandRequired)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>global_setting(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, setting: AppSettings) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.set(setting);
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.g_settings.set(setting);
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Enables multiple settings which are propagated *down* through all child [`SubCommand`]s.
     ///
     /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples.
     ///
     /// **NOTE**: The setting is *only* propagated *down* and not up through parent commands.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg, AppSettings};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .global_settings(&amp;[AppSettings::SubcommandRequired,
     ///                  AppSettings::ColoredHelp])
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>global_settings(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, settings: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[AppSettings]) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">for </span>s <span class="kw">in </span>settings {
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.set(<span class="kw-2">*</span>s);
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.g_settings.set(<span class="kw-2">*</span>s)
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Disables a single command, or [`SubCommand`], level setting.
     ///
     /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, AppSettings};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .unset_setting(AppSettings::ColorAuto)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>unset_setting(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, setting: AppSettings) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.unset(setting);
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Disables multiple command, or [`SubCommand`], level settings.
     ///
     /// See [`AppSettings`] for a full list of possibilities and examples.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, AppSettings};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .unset_settings(&amp;[AppSettings::ColorAuto,
     ///                       AppSettings::AllowInvalidUtf8])
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     /// [`AppSettings`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>unset_settings(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, settings: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[AppSettings]) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">for </span>s <span class="kw">in </span>settings {
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.unset(<span class="kw-2">*</span>s);
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets the terminal width at which to wrap help messages. Defaults to `120`. Using `0` will
     /// ignore terminal widths and use source formatting.
     ///
     /// `clap` automatically tries to determine the terminal width on Unix, Linux, macOS and Windows
     /// if the `wrap_help` cargo &quot;feature&quot; has been used while compiling. If the terminal width
     /// cannot be determined, `clap` defaults to `120`.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** This setting applies globally and *not* on a per-command basis.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** This setting must be set **before** any subcommands are added!
     ///
     /// # Platform Specific
     ///
     /// Only Unix, Linux, macOS and Windows support automatic determination of terminal width.
     /// Even on those platforms, this setting is useful if for any reason the terminal width
     /// cannot be determined.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .set_term_width(80)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>set_term_width(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, width: usize) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.term_w = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(width);
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Sets the max terminal width at which to wrap help messages. Using `0` will ignore terminal
     /// widths and use source formatting.
     ///
     /// `clap` automatically tries to determine the terminal width on Unix, Linux, macOS and Windows
     /// if the `wrap_help` cargo &quot;feature&quot; has been used while compiling, but one might want to
     /// limit the size (e.g. when the terminal is running fullscreen).
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** This setting applies globally and *not* on a per-command basis.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** This setting must be set **before** any subcommands are added!
     ///
     /// # Platform Specific
     ///
     /// Only Unix, Linux, macOS and Windows support automatic determination of terminal width.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .max_term_width(100)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>max_term_width(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, w: usize) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.max_w = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(w);
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Adds an [argument] to the list of valid possibilities.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     // Adding a single &quot;flag&quot; argument with a short and help text, using Arg::with_name()
     ///     .arg(
     ///         Arg::with_name(&quot;debug&quot;)
     ///            .short(&quot;d&quot;)
     ///            .help(&quot;turns on debugging mode&quot;)
     ///     )
     ///     // Adding a single &quot;option&quot; argument with a short, a long, and help text using the less
     ///     // verbose Arg::from_usage()
     ///     .arg(
     ///         Arg::from_usage(&quot;-c --config=[CONFIG] &#39;Optionally sets a config file to use&#39;&quot;)
     ///     )
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [argument]: ./struct.Arg.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>arg&lt;A: Into&lt;Arg&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt;&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, a: A) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.add_arg(a.into());
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Adds multiple [arguments] to the list of valid possibilities
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .args(
     ///         &amp;[Arg::from_usage(&quot;[debug] -d &#39;turns on debugging info&#39;&quot;),
     ///          Arg::with_name(&quot;input&quot;).index(1).help(&quot;the input file to use&quot;)]
     ///     )
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [arguments]: ./struct.Arg.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>args(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, args: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[Arg&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt;]) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">for </span>arg <span class="kw">in </span>args {
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.add_arg_ref(arg);
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// A convenience method for adding a single [argument] from a usage type string. The string
     /// used follows the same rules and syntax as [`Arg::from_usage`]
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** The downside to using this method is that you can not set any additional
     /// properties of the [`Arg`] other than what [`Arg::from_usage`] supports.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .arg_from_usage(&quot;-c --config=&lt;FILE&gt; &#39;Sets a configuration file to use&#39;&quot;)
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [argument]: ./struct.Arg.html
     /// [`Arg`]: ./struct.Arg.html
     /// [`Arg::from_usage`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.from_usage
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>arg_from_usage(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, usage: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a </span>str) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.add_arg(Arg::from_usage(usage));
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Adds multiple [arguments] at once from a usage string, one per line. See
     /// [`Arg::from_usage`] for details on the syntax and rules supported.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** Like [`App::arg_from_usage`] the downside is you only set properties for the
     /// [`Arg`]s which [`Arg::from_usage`] supports.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .args_from_usage(
     ///         &quot;-c --config=[FILE] &#39;Sets a configuration file to use&#39;
     ///          [debug]... -d &#39;Sets the debugging level&#39;
     ///          &lt;FILE&gt; &#39;The input file to use&#39;&quot;
     ///     )
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [arguments]: ./struct.Arg.html
     /// [`Arg::from_usage`]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.from_usage
     /// [`App::arg_from_usage`]: ./struct.App.html#method.arg_from_usage
     /// [`Arg`]: ./struct.Arg.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>args_from_usage(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, usage: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a </span>str) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">for </span>line <span class="kw">in </span>usage.lines() {
             <span class="kw">let </span>l = line.trim();
             <span class="kw">if </span>l.is_empty() {
                 <span class="kw">continue</span>;
             }
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.add_arg(Arg::from_usage(l));
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Allows adding a [`SubCommand`] alias, which function as &quot;hidden&quot; subcommands that
     /// automatically dispatch as if this subcommand was used. This is more efficient, and easier
     /// than creating multiple hidden subcommands as one only needs to check for the existence of
     /// this command, and not all variants.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand};
     /// let m = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///             .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name(&quot;test&quot;)
     ///                 .alias(&quot;do-stuff&quot;))
     ///             .get_matches_from(vec![&quot;myprog&quot;, &quot;do-stuff&quot;]);
     /// assert_eq!(m.subcommand_name(), Some(&quot;test&quot;));
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>alias&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, name: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">ref mut </span>als) = <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.aliases {
             als.push((name.into(), <span class="bool-val">false</span>));
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.aliases = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="macro">vec!</span>[(name.into(), <span class="bool-val">false</span>)]);
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Allows adding [`SubCommand`] aliases, which function as &quot;hidden&quot; subcommands that
     /// automatically dispatch as if this subcommand was used. This is more efficient, and easier
     /// than creating multiple hidden subcommands as one only needs to check for the existence of
     /// this command, and not all variants.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand};
     /// let m = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///             .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name(&quot;test&quot;)
     ///                 .aliases(&amp;[&quot;do-stuff&quot;, &quot;do-tests&quot;, &quot;tests&quot;]))
     ///                 .arg(Arg::with_name(&quot;input&quot;)
     ///                             .help(&quot;the file to add&quot;)
     ///                             .index(1)
     ///                             .required(false))
     ///             .get_matches_from(vec![&quot;myprog&quot;, &quot;do-tests&quot;]);
     /// assert_eq!(m.subcommand_name(), Some(&quot;test&quot;));
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>aliases(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, names: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str]) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">ref mut </span>als) = <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.aliases {
             <span class="kw">for </span>n <span class="kw">in </span>names {
                 als.push((n, <span class="bool-val">false</span>));
             }
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.aliases = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(names.iter().map(|n| (<span class="kw-2">*</span>n, <span class="bool-val">false</span>)).collect::&lt;Vec&lt;<span class="kw">_</span>&gt;&gt;());
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Allows adding a [`SubCommand`] alias that functions exactly like those defined with
     /// [`App::alias`], except that they are visible inside the help message.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand};
     /// let m = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///             .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name(&quot;test&quot;)
     ///                 .visible_alias(&quot;do-stuff&quot;))
     ///             .get_matches_from(vec![&quot;myprog&quot;, &quot;do-stuff&quot;]);
     /// assert_eq!(m.subcommand_name(), Some(&quot;test&quot;));
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     /// [`App::alias`]: ./struct.App.html#method.alias
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>visible_alias&lt;S: Into&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str&gt;&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, name: S) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">ref mut </span>als) = <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.aliases {
             als.push((name.into(), <span class="bool-val">true</span>));
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.aliases = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="macro">vec!</span>[(name.into(), <span class="bool-val">true</span>)]);
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Allows adding multiple [`SubCommand`] aliases that functions exactly like those defined
     /// with [`App::aliases`], except that they are visible inside the help message.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand};
     /// let m = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///             .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name(&quot;test&quot;)
     ///                 .visible_aliases(&amp;[&quot;do-stuff&quot;, &quot;tests&quot;]))
     ///             .get_matches_from(vec![&quot;myprog&quot;, &quot;do-stuff&quot;]);
     /// assert_eq!(m.subcommand_name(), Some(&quot;test&quot;));
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     /// [`App::aliases`]: ./struct.App.html#method.aliases
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>visible_aliases(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, names: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;b </span>str]) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">ref mut </span>als) = <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.aliases {
             <span class="kw">for </span>n <span class="kw">in </span>names {
                 als.push((n, <span class="bool-val">true</span>));
             }
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.aliases = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(names.iter().map(|n| (<span class="kw-2">*</span>n, <span class="bool-val">true</span>)).collect::&lt;Vec&lt;<span class="kw">_</span>&gt;&gt;());
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Adds an [`ArgGroup`] to the application. [`ArgGroup`]s are a family of related arguments.
     /// By placing them in a logical group, you can build easier requirement and exclusion rules.
     /// For instance, you can make an entire [`ArgGroup`] required, meaning that one (and *only*
     /// one) argument from that group must be present at runtime.
     ///
     /// You can also do things such as name an [`ArgGroup`] as a conflict to another argument.
     /// Meaning any of the arguments that belong to that group will cause a failure if present with
     /// the conflicting argument.
     ///
     /// Another added benefit of [`ArgGroup`]s is that you can extract a value from a group instead
     /// of determining exactly which argument was used.
     ///
     /// Finally, using [`ArgGroup`]s to ensure exclusion between arguments is another very common
     /// use
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// The following example demonstrates using an [`ArgGroup`] to ensure that one, and only one,
     /// of the arguments from the specified group is present at runtime.
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, ArgGroup};
     /// App::new(&quot;app&quot;)
     ///     .args_from_usage(
     ///         &quot;--set-ver [ver] &#39;set the version manually&#39;
     ///          --major         &#39;auto increase major&#39;
     ///          --minor         &#39;auto increase minor&#39;
     ///          --patch         &#39;auto increase patch&#39;&quot;)
     ///     .group(ArgGroup::with_name(&quot;vers&quot;)
     ///          .args(&amp;[&quot;set-ver&quot;, &quot;major&quot;, &quot;minor&quot;,&quot;patch&quot;])
     ///          .required(true))
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`ArgGroup`]: ./struct.ArgGroup.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>group(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, group: ArgGroup&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.add_group(group);
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Adds multiple [`ArgGroup`]s to the [`App`] at once.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, ArgGroup};
     /// App::new(&quot;app&quot;)
     ///     .args_from_usage(
     ///         &quot;--set-ver [ver] &#39;set the version manually&#39;
     ///          --major         &#39;auto increase major&#39;
     ///          --minor         &#39;auto increase minor&#39;
     ///          --patch         &#39;auto increase patch&#39;
     ///          -c [FILE]       &#39;a config file&#39;
     ///          -i [IFACE]      &#39;an interface&#39;&quot;)
     ///     .groups(&amp;[
     ///         ArgGroup::with_name(&quot;vers&quot;)
     ///             .args(&amp;[&quot;set-ver&quot;, &quot;major&quot;, &quot;minor&quot;,&quot;patch&quot;])
     ///             .required(true),
     ///         ArgGroup::with_name(&quot;input&quot;)
     ///             .args(&amp;[&quot;c&quot;, &quot;i&quot;])
     ///     ])
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`ArgGroup`]: ./struct.ArgGroup.html
     /// [`App`]: ./struct.App.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>groups(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, groups: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[ArgGroup&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;]) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">for </span>g <span class="kw">in </span>groups {
             <span class="self">self </span>= <span class="self">self</span>.group(g.into());
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Adds a [`SubCommand`] to the list of valid possibilities. Subcommands are effectively
     /// sub-[`App`]s, because they can contain their own arguments, subcommands, version, usage,
     /// etc. They also function just like [`App`]s, in that they get their own auto generated help,
     /// version, and usage.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand};
     /// App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name(&quot;config&quot;)
     ///         .about(&quot;Controls configuration features&quot;)
     ///         .arg_from_usage(&quot;&lt;config&gt; &#39;Required configuration file to use&#39;&quot;))
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     /// [`App`]: ./struct.App.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>subcommand(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, subcmd: App&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt;) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.add_subcommand(subcmd);
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Adds multiple subcommands to the list of valid possibilities by iterating over an
     /// [`IntoIterator`] of [`SubCommand`]s
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand};
     /// # App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     /// .subcommands( vec![
     ///        SubCommand::with_name(&quot;config&quot;).about(&quot;Controls configuration functionality&quot;)
     ///                                 .arg(Arg::with_name(&quot;config_file&quot;).index(1)),
     ///        SubCommand::with_name(&quot;debug&quot;).about(&quot;Controls debug functionality&quot;)])
     /// # ;
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     /// [`IntoIterator`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>subcommands&lt;I&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, subcmds: I) -&gt; <span class="self">Self
     </span><span class="kw">where
         </span>I: IntoIterator&lt;Item = App&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt;&gt;,
     {
         <span class="kw">for </span>subcmd <span class="kw">in </span>subcmds {
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.add_subcommand(subcmd);
         }
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Allows custom ordering of [`SubCommand`]s within the help message. Subcommands with a lower
     /// value will be displayed first in the help message. This is helpful when one would like to
     /// emphasise frequently used subcommands, or prioritize those towards the top of the list.
     /// Duplicate values **are** allowed. Subcommands with duplicate display orders will be
     /// displayed in alphabetical order.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** The default is 999 for all subcommands.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # use clap::{App, SubCommand};
     /// let m = App::new(&quot;cust-ord&quot;)
     ///     .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name(&quot;alpha&quot;) // typically subcommands are grouped
     ///                                                // alphabetically by name. Subcommands
     ///                                                // without a display_order have a value of
     ///                                                // 999 and are displayed alphabetically with
     ///                                                // all other 999 subcommands
     ///         .about(&quot;Some help and text&quot;))
     ///     .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name(&quot;beta&quot;)
     ///         .display_order(1)   // In order to force this subcommand to appear *first*
     ///                             // all we have to do is give it a value lower than 999.
     ///                             // Any other subcommands with a value of 1 will be displayed
     ///                             // alphabetically with this one...then 2 values, then 3, etc.
     ///         .about(&quot;I should be first!&quot;))
     ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
     ///         &quot;cust-ord&quot;, &quot;--help&quot;
     ///     ]);
     /// ```
     ///
     /// The above example displays the following help message
     ///
     /// ```text
     /// cust-ord
     ///
     /// USAGE:
     ///     cust-ord [FLAGS] [OPTIONS]
     ///
     /// FLAGS:
     ///     -h, --help       Prints help information
     ///     -V, --version    Prints version information
     ///
     /// SUBCOMMANDS:
     ///     beta    I should be first!
     ///     alpha   Some help and text
     /// ```
     /// [`SubCommand`]: ./struct.SubCommand.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>display_order(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, ord: usize) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.disp_ord = ord;
         <span class="self">self
     </span>}

     <span class="doccomment">/// Prints the full help message to [`io::stdout()`] using a [`BufWriter`] using the same
     /// method as if someone ran `-h` to request the help message
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** clap has the ability to distinguish between &quot;short&quot; and &quot;long&quot; help messages
     /// depending on if the user ran [`-h` (short)] or [`--help` (long)]
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// let mut app = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;);
     /// app.print_help();
     /// ```
     /// [`io::stdout()`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/fn.stdout.html
     /// [`BufWriter`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/struct.BufWriter.html
     /// [`-h` (short)]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.help
     /// [`--help` (long)]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.long_help
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>print_help(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ClapResult&lt;()&gt; {
         <span class="comment">// If there are global arguments, or settings we need to propagate them down to subcommands
         // before parsing incase we run into a subcommand
         </span><span class="self">self</span>.p.propagate_globals();
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.propagate_settings();
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.derive_display_order();

         <span class="self">self</span>.p.create_help_and_version();
         <span class="kw">let </span>out = io::stdout();
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>buf_w = BufWriter::new(out.lock());
         <span class="self">self</span>.write_help(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>buf_w)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Prints the full help message to [`io::stdout()`] using a [`BufWriter`] using the same
     /// method as if someone ran `--help` to request the help message
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** clap has the ability to distinguish between &quot;short&quot; and &quot;long&quot; help messages
     /// depending on if the user ran [`-h` (short)] or [`--help` (long)]
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// let mut app = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;);
     /// app.print_long_help();
     /// ```
     /// [`io::stdout()`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/fn.stdout.html
     /// [`BufWriter`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/struct.BufWriter.html
     /// [`-h` (short)]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.help
     /// [`--help` (long)]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.long_help
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>print_long_help(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ClapResult&lt;()&gt; {
         <span class="kw">let </span>out = io::stdout();
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>buf_w = BufWriter::new(out.lock());
         <span class="self">self</span>.write_long_help(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>buf_w)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Writes the full help message to the user to a [`io::Write`] object in the same method as if
     /// the user ran `-h`
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** clap has the ability to distinguish between &quot;short&quot; and &quot;long&quot; help messages
     /// depending on if the user ran [`-h` (short)] or [`--help` (long)]
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** There is a known bug where this method does not write propagated global arguments
     /// or autogenerated arguments (i.e. the default help/version args). Prefer
     /// [`App::write_long_help`] instead if possible!
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// use std::io;
     /// let mut app = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;);
     /// let mut out = io::stdout();
     /// app.write_help(&amp;mut out).expect(&quot;failed to write to stdout&quot;);
     /// ```
     /// [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html
     /// [`-h` (short)]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.help
     /// [`--help` (long)]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.long_help
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>write_help&lt;W: Write&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, w: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>W) -&gt; ClapResult&lt;()&gt; {
         <span class="comment">// PENDING ISSUE: 808
         //      https://github.com/clap-rs/clap/issues/808
         // If there are global arguments, or settings we need to propagate them down to subcommands
         // before parsing incase we run into a subcommand
         // self.p.propagate_globals();
         // self.p.propagate_settings();
         // self.p.derive_display_order();
         // self.p.create_help_and_version();

         </span>Help::write_app_help(w, <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="bool-val">false</span>)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Writes the full help message to the user to a [`io::Write`] object in the same method as if
     /// the user ran `--help`
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** clap has the ability to distinguish between &quot;short&quot; and &quot;long&quot; help messages
     /// depending on if the user ran [`-h` (short)] or [`--help` (long)]
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// use std::io;
     /// let mut app = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;);
     /// let mut out = io::stdout();
     /// app.write_long_help(&amp;mut out).expect(&quot;failed to write to stdout&quot;);
     /// ```
     /// [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html
     /// [`-h` (short)]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.help
     /// [`--help` (long)]: ./struct.Arg.html#method.long_help
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>write_long_help&lt;W: Write&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, w: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>W) -&gt; ClapResult&lt;()&gt; {
         <span class="comment">// If there are global arguments, or settings we need to propagate them down to subcommands
         // before parsing incase we run into a subcommand
         </span><span class="self">self</span>.p.propagate_globals();
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.propagate_settings();
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.derive_display_order();
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.create_help_and_version();

         Help::write_app_help(w, <span class="self">self</span>, <span class="bool-val">true</span>)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Writes the version message to the user to a [`io::Write`] object as if the user ran `-V`.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** clap has the ability to distinguish between &quot;short&quot; and &quot;long&quot; version messages
     /// depending on if the user ran [`-V` (short)] or [`--version` (long)]
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// use std::io;
     /// let mut app = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;);
     /// let mut out = io::stdout();
     /// app.write_version(&amp;mut out).expect(&quot;failed to write to stdout&quot;);
     /// ```
     /// [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html
     /// [`-V` (short)]: ./struct.App.html#method.version
     /// [`--version` (long)]: ./struct.App.html#method.long_version
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>write_version&lt;W: Write&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, w: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>W) -&gt; ClapResult&lt;()&gt; {
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.write_version(w, <span class="bool-val">false</span>).map_err(From::from)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Writes the version message to the user to a [`io::Write`] object
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** clap has the ability to distinguish between &quot;short&quot; and &quot;long&quot; version messages
     /// depending on if the user ran [`-V` (short)] or [`--version` (long)]
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # use clap::App;
     /// use std::io;
     /// let mut app = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;);
     /// let mut out = io::stdout();
     /// app.write_long_version(&amp;mut out).expect(&quot;failed to write to stdout&quot;);
     /// ```
     /// [`io::Write`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html
     /// [`-V` (short)]: ./struct.App.html#method.version
     /// [`--version` (long)]: ./struct.App.html#method.long_version
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>write_long_version&lt;W: Write&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, w: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>W) -&gt; ClapResult&lt;()&gt; {
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.write_version(w, <span class="bool-val">true</span>).map_err(From::from)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Generate a completions file for a specified shell at compile time.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** to generate the file at compile time you must use a `build.rs` &quot;Build Script&quot;
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// The following example generates a bash completion script via a `build.rs` script. In this
     /// simple example, we&#39;ll demo a very small application with only a single subcommand and two
     /// args. Real applications could be many multiple levels deep in subcommands, and have tens or
     /// potentially hundreds of arguments.
     ///
     /// First, it helps if we separate out our `App` definition into a separate file. Whether you
     /// do this as a function, or bare App definition is a matter of personal preference.
     ///
     /// ```
     /// // src/cli.rs
     ///
     /// use clap::{App, Arg, SubCommand};
     ///
     /// pub fn build_cli() -&gt; App&lt;&#39;static, &#39;static&gt; {
     ///     App::new(&quot;compl&quot;)
     ///         .about(&quot;Tests completions&quot;)
     ///         .arg(Arg::with_name(&quot;file&quot;)
     ///             .help(&quot;some input file&quot;))
     ///         .subcommand(SubCommand::with_name(&quot;test&quot;)
     ///             .about(&quot;tests things&quot;)
     ///             .arg(Arg::with_name(&quot;case&quot;)
     ///                 .long(&quot;case&quot;)
     ///                 .takes_value(true)
     ///                 .help(&quot;the case to test&quot;)))
     /// }
     /// ```
     ///
     /// In our regular code, we can simply call this `build_cli()` function, then call
     /// `get_matches()`, or any of the other normal methods directly after. For example:
     ///
     /// ```ignore
     /// // src/main.rs
     ///
     /// mod cli;
     ///
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let m = cli::build_cli().get_matches();
     ///
     ///     // normal logic continues...
     /// }
     /// ```
     ///
     /// Next, we set up our `Cargo.toml` to use a `build.rs` build script.
     ///
     /// ```toml
     /// # Cargo.toml
     /// build = &quot;build.rs&quot;
     ///
     /// [build-dependencies]
     /// clap = &quot;2.23&quot;
     /// ```
     ///
     /// Next, we place a `build.rs` in our project root.
     ///
     /// ```ignore
     /// extern crate clap;
     ///
     /// use clap::Shell;
     ///
     /// include!(&quot;src/cli.rs&quot;);
     ///
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let outdir = match env::var_os(&quot;OUT_DIR&quot;) {
     ///         None =&gt; return,
     ///         Some(outdir) =&gt; outdir,
     ///     };
     ///     let mut app = build_cli();
     ///     app.gen_completions(&quot;myapp&quot;,      // We need to specify the bin name manually
     ///                         Shell::Bash,  // Then say which shell to build completions for
     ///                         outdir);      // Then say where write the completions to
     /// }
     /// ```
     /// Now, once we compile there will be a `{bin_name}.bash` file in the directory.
     /// Assuming we compiled with debug mode, it would be somewhere similar to
     /// `&lt;project&gt;/target/debug/build/myapp-&lt;hash&gt;/out/myapp.bash`.
     ///
     /// Fish shell completions will use the file format `{bin_name}.fish`
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>gen_completions&lt;T: Into&lt;OsString&gt;, S: Into&lt;String&gt;&gt;(
         <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>,
         bin_name: S,
         for_shell: Shell,
         out_dir: T,
     ) {
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.bin_name = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(bin_name.into());
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.gen_completions(for_shell, out_dir.into());
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Generate a completions file for a specified shell at runtime.  Until `cargo install` can
     /// install extra files like a completion script, this may be used e.g. in a command that
     /// outputs the contents of the completion script, to be redirected into a file by the user.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// Assuming a separate `cli.rs` like the [example above](./struct.App.html#method.gen_completions),
     /// we can let users generate a completion script using a command:
     ///
     /// ```ignore
     /// // src/main.rs
     ///
     /// mod cli;
     /// use std::io;
     ///
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let matches = cli::build_cli().get_matches();
     ///
     ///     if matches.is_present(&quot;generate-bash-completions&quot;) {
     ///         cli::build_cli().gen_completions_to(&quot;myapp&quot;, Shell::Bash, &amp;mut io::stdout());
     ///     }
     ///
     ///     // normal logic continues...
     /// }
     ///
     /// ```
     ///
     /// Usage:
     ///
     /// ```shell
     /// $ myapp generate-bash-completions &gt; /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/myapp.bash
     /// ```
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>gen_completions_to&lt;W: Write, S: Into&lt;String&gt;&gt;(
         <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>,
         bin_name: S,
         for_shell: Shell,
         buf: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>W,
     ) {
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.bin_name = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(bin_name.into());
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.gen_completions_to(for_shell, buf);
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Starts the parsing process, upon a failed parse an error will be displayed to the user and
     /// the process will exit with the appropriate error code. By default this method gets all user
     /// provided arguments from [`env::args_os`] in order to allow for invalid UTF-8 code points,
     /// which are legal on many platforms.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// let matches = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     // Args and options go here...
     ///     .get_matches();
     /// ```
     /// [`env::args_os`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/env/fn.args_os.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>get_matches(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ArgMatches&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; {
         <span class="self">self</span>.get_matches_from(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>env::args_os())
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Starts the parsing process. This method will return a [`clap::Result`] type instead of exiting
     /// the process on failed parse. By default this method gets matches from [`env::args_os`]
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** This method WILL NOT exit when `--help` or `--version` (or short versions) are
     /// used. It will return a [`clap::Error`], where the [`kind`] is a
     /// [`ErrorKind::HelpDisplayed`] or [`ErrorKind::VersionDisplayed`] respectively. You must call
     /// [`Error::exit`] or perform a [`std::process::exit`].
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// let matches = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     // Args and options go here...
     ///     .get_matches_safe()
     ///     .unwrap_or_else( |e| e.exit() );
     /// ```
     /// [`env::args_os`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/env/fn.args_os.html
     /// [`ErrorKind::HelpDisplayed`]: ./enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.HelpDisplayed
     /// [`ErrorKind::VersionDisplayed`]: ./enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.VersionDisplayed
     /// [`Error::exit`]: ./struct.Error.html#method.exit
     /// [`std::process::exit`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/process/fn.exit.html
     /// [`clap::Result`]: ./type.Result.html
     /// [`clap::Error`]: ./struct.Error.html
     /// [`kind`]: ./struct.Error.html
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>get_matches_safe(<span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; ClapResult&lt;ArgMatches&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;&gt; {
         <span class="comment">// Start the parsing
         </span><span class="self">self</span>.get_matches_from_safe(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>env::args_os())
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Starts the parsing process. Like [`App::get_matches`] this method does not return a [`clap::Result`]
     /// and will automatically exit with an error message. This method, however, lets you specify
     /// what iterator to use when performing matches, such as a [`Vec`] of your making.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** The first argument will be parsed as the binary name unless
     /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`] is used
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// let arg_vec = vec![&quot;my_prog&quot;, &quot;some&quot;, &quot;args&quot;, &quot;to&quot;, &quot;parse&quot;];
     ///
     /// let matches = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     // Args and options go here...
     ///     .get_matches_from(arg_vec);
     /// ```
     /// [`App::get_matches`]: ./struct.App.html#method.get_matches
     /// [`clap::Result`]: ./type.Result.html
     /// [`Vec`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html
     /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html#variant.NoBinaryName
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>get_matches_from&lt;I, T&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, itr: I) -&gt; ArgMatches&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;
     <span class="kw">where
         </span>I: IntoIterator&lt;Item = T&gt;,
         T: Into&lt;OsString&gt; + Clone,
     {
         <span class="self">self</span>.get_matches_from_safe_borrow(itr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
             <span class="comment">// Otherwise, write to stderr and exit
             </span><span class="kw">if </span>e.use_stderr() {
                 <span class="macro">wlnerr!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;{}&quot;</span>, e.message);
                 <span class="kw">if </span><span class="self">self</span>.p.is_set(AppSettings::WaitOnError) {
                     <span class="macro">wlnerr!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;\nPress [ENTER] / [RETURN] to continue...&quot;</span>);
                     <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>s = String::new();
                     <span class="kw">let </span>i = io::stdin();
                     i.lock().read_line(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>s).unwrap();
                 }
                 drop(<span class="self">self</span>);
                 drop(e);
                 process::exit(<span class="number">1</span>);
             }

             drop(<span class="self">self</span>);
             e.exit()
         })
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Starts the parsing process. A combination of [`App::get_matches_from`], and
     /// [`App::get_matches_safe`]
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** This method WILL NOT exit when `--help` or `--version` (or short versions) are
     /// used. It will return a [`clap::Error`], where the [`kind`] is a [`ErrorKind::HelpDisplayed`]
     /// or [`ErrorKind::VersionDisplayed`] respectively. You must call [`Error::exit`] or
     /// perform a [`std::process::exit`] yourself.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** The first argument will be parsed as the binary name unless
     /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`] is used
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// let arg_vec = vec![&quot;my_prog&quot;, &quot;some&quot;, &quot;args&quot;, &quot;to&quot;, &quot;parse&quot;];
     ///
     /// let matches = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;)
     ///     // Args and options go here...
     ///     .get_matches_from_safe(arg_vec)
     ///     .unwrap_or_else( |e| { panic!(&quot;An error occurs: {}&quot;, e) });
     /// ```
     /// [`App::get_matches_from`]: ./struct.App.html#method.get_matches_from
     /// [`App::get_matches_safe`]: ./struct.App.html#method.get_matches_safe
     /// [`ErrorKind::HelpDisplayed`]: ./enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.HelpDisplayed
     /// [`ErrorKind::VersionDisplayed`]: ./enum.ErrorKind.html#variant.VersionDisplayed
     /// [`Error::exit`]: ./struct.Error.html#method.exit
     /// [`std::process::exit`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/process/fn.exit.html
     /// [`clap::Error`]: ./struct.Error.html
     /// [`Error::exit`]: ./struct.Error.html#method.exit
     /// [`kind`]: ./struct.Error.html
     /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html#variant.NoBinaryName
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>get_matches_from_safe&lt;I, T&gt;(<span class="kw-2">mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, itr: I) -&gt; ClapResult&lt;ArgMatches&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;&gt;
     <span class="kw">where
         </span>I: IntoIterator&lt;Item = T&gt;,
         T: Into&lt;OsString&gt; + Clone,
     {
         <span class="self">self</span>.get_matches_from_safe_borrow(itr)
     }

     <span class="doccomment">/// Starts the parsing process without consuming the [`App`] struct `self`. This is normally not
     /// the desired functionality, instead prefer [`App::get_matches_from_safe`] which *does*
     /// consume `self`.
     ///
     /// **NOTE:** The first argument will be parsed as the binary name unless
     /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`] is used
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```no_run
     /// # use clap::{App, Arg};
     /// let arg_vec = vec![&quot;my_prog&quot;, &quot;some&quot;, &quot;args&quot;, &quot;to&quot;, &quot;parse&quot;];
     ///
     /// let mut app = App::new(&quot;myprog&quot;);
     ///     // Args and options go here...
     /// let matches = app.get_matches_from_safe_borrow(arg_vec)
     ///     .unwrap_or_else( |e| { panic!(&quot;An error occurs: {}&quot;, e) });
     /// ```
     /// [`App`]: ./struct.App.html
     /// [`App::get_matches_from_safe`]: ./struct.App.html#method.get_matches_from_safe
     /// [`AppSettings::NoBinaryName`]: ./enum.AppSettings.html#variant.NoBinaryName
     </span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>get_matches_from_safe_borrow&lt;I, T&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, itr: I) -&gt; ClapResult&lt;ArgMatches&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt;&gt;
     <span class="kw">where
         </span>I: IntoIterator&lt;Item = T&gt;,
         T: Into&lt;OsString&gt; + Clone,
     {
         <span class="comment">// If there are global arguments, or settings we need to propagate them down to subcommands
         // before parsing incase we run into a subcommand
         </span><span class="kw">if </span>!<span class="self">self</span>.p.is_set(AppSettings::Propagated) {
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.propagate_globals();
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.propagate_settings();
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.derive_display_order();
             <span class="self">self</span>.p.set(AppSettings::Propagated);
         }

         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>matcher = ArgMatcher::new();

         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>it = itr.into_iter();
         <span class="comment">// Get the name of the program (argument 1 of env::args()) and determine the
         // actual file
         // that was used to execute the program. This is because a program called
         // ./target/release/my_prog -a
         // will have two arguments, &#39;./target/release/my_prog&#39;, &#39;-a&#39; but we don&#39;t want
         // to display
         // the full path when displaying help messages and such
         </span><span class="kw">if </span>!<span class="self">self</span>.p.is_set(AppSettings::NoBinaryName) {
             <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(name) = it.next() {
                 <span class="kw">let </span>bn_os = name.into();
                 <span class="kw">let </span>p = Path::new(<span class="kw-2">&amp;*</span>bn_os);
                 <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(f) = p.file_name() {
                     <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(s) = f.to_os_string().to_str() {
                         <span class="kw">if </span><span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.bin_name.is_none() {
                             <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.bin_name = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(s.to_owned());
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
         }

         <span class="comment">// do the real parsing
         </span><span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(e) = <span class="self">self</span>.p.get_matches_with(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>matcher, <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>it.peekable()) {
             <span class="kw">return </span><span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(e);
         }

         <span class="kw">let </span>global_arg_vec: Vec&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>str&gt; = <span class="self">self</span>.p.global_args.iter().map(|ga| ga.b.name).collect();
         matcher.propagate_globals(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>global_arg_vec);

         <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(matcher.into())
     }
 }

 <span class="attribute">#[cfg(feature = <span class="string">&quot;yaml&quot;</span>)]
 </span><span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; From&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a </span>Yaml&gt; <span class="kw">for </span>App&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>&gt; {
     <span class="kw">fn </span>from(<span class="kw-2">mut </span>yaml: <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;a </span>Yaml) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         <span class="kw">use </span><span class="kw">crate</span>::args::SubCommand;
         <span class="comment">// We WANT this to panic on error...so expect() is good.
         </span><span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>is_sc = <span class="prelude-val">None</span>;
         <span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>a = <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(name) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;name&quot;</span>].as_str() {
             App::new(name)
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="kw">let </span>yaml_hash = yaml.as_hash().unwrap();
             <span class="kw">let </span>sc_key = yaml_hash.keys().nth(<span class="number">0</span>).unwrap();
             is_sc = <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(yaml_hash.get(sc_key).unwrap());
             App::new(sc_key.as_str().unwrap())
         };
         yaml = <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(sc) = is_sc { sc } <span class="kw">else </span>{ yaml };

         <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>yaml_str {
             (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$y</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$i</span>:ident) =&gt; {
                 <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$y</span>[<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$i</span>)].as_str() {
                     <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a </span>= <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$i</span>(v);
                 } <span class="kw">else if </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$y</span>[<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$i</span>)] != Yaml::BadValue {
                     <span class="macro">panic!</span>(
                         <span class="string">&quot;Failed to convert YAML value {:?} to a string&quot;</span>,
                         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$y</span>[<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$i</span>)]
                     );
                 }
             };
         }

         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, version);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, long_version);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, author);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, bin_name);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, about);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, long_about);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, before_help);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, after_help);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, template);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, usage);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, help);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, help_short);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, version_short);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, help_message);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, version_message);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, alias);
         <span class="macro">yaml_str!</span>(a, yaml, visible_alias);

         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;display_order&quot;</span>].as_i64() {
             a = a.display_order(v <span class="kw">as </span>usize);
         } <span class="kw">else if </span>yaml[<span class="string">&quot;display_order&quot;</span>] != Yaml::BadValue {
             <span class="macro">panic!</span>(
                 <span class="string">&quot;Failed to convert YAML value {:?} to a u64&quot;</span>,
                 yaml[<span class="string">&quot;display_order&quot;</span>]
             );
         }
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;setting&quot;</span>].as_str() {
             a = a.setting(v.parse().expect(<span class="string">&quot;unknown AppSetting found in YAML file&quot;</span>));
         } <span class="kw">else if </span>yaml[<span class="string">&quot;setting&quot;</span>] != Yaml::BadValue {
             <span class="macro">panic!</span>(
                 <span class="string">&quot;Failed to convert YAML value {:?} to an AppSetting&quot;</span>,
                 yaml[<span class="string">&quot;setting&quot;</span>]
             );
         }
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;settings&quot;</span>].as_vec() {
             <span class="kw">for </span>ys <span class="kw">in </span>v {
                 <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(s) = ys.as_str() {
                     a = a.setting(s.parse().expect(<span class="string">&quot;unknown AppSetting found in YAML file&quot;</span>));
                 }
             }
         } <span class="kw">else if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;settings&quot;</span>].as_str() {
             a = a.setting(v.parse().expect(<span class="string">&quot;unknown AppSetting found in YAML file&quot;</span>));
         } <span class="kw">else if </span>yaml[<span class="string">&quot;settings&quot;</span>] != Yaml::BadValue {
             <span class="macro">panic!</span>(
                 <span class="string">&quot;Failed to convert YAML value {:?} to a string&quot;</span>,
                 yaml[<span class="string">&quot;settings&quot;</span>]
             );
         }
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;global_setting&quot;</span>].as_str() {
             a = a.setting(v.parse().expect(<span class="string">&quot;unknown AppSetting found in YAML file&quot;</span>));
         } <span class="kw">else if </span>yaml[<span class="string">&quot;global_setting&quot;</span>] != Yaml::BadValue {
             <span class="macro">panic!</span>(
                 <span class="string">&quot;Failed to convert YAML value {:?} to an AppSetting&quot;</span>,
                 yaml[<span class="string">&quot;setting&quot;</span>]
             );
         }
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;global_settings&quot;</span>].as_vec() {
             <span class="kw">for </span>ys <span class="kw">in </span>v {
                 <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(s) = ys.as_str() {
                     a = a.global_setting(s.parse().expect(<span class="string">&quot;unknown AppSetting found in YAML file&quot;</span>));
                 }
             }
         } <span class="kw">else if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;global_settings&quot;</span>].as_str() {
             a = a.global_setting(v.parse().expect(<span class="string">&quot;unknown AppSetting found in YAML file&quot;</span>));
         } <span class="kw">else if </span>yaml[<span class="string">&quot;global_settings&quot;</span>] != Yaml::BadValue {
             <span class="macro">panic!</span>(
                 <span class="string">&quot;Failed to convert YAML value {:?} to a string&quot;</span>,
                 yaml[<span class="string">&quot;global_settings&quot;</span>]
             );
         }

         <span class="macro">macro_rules! </span>vec_or_str {
             (<span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$y</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$as_vec</span>:ident, <span class="macro-nonterminal">$as_single</span>:ident) =&gt; {{
                 <span class="kw">let </span>maybe_vec = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$y</span>[<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$as_vec</span>)].as_vec();
                 <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(vec) = maybe_vec {
                     <span class="kw">for </span>ys <span class="kw">in </span>vec {
                         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(s) = ys.as_str() {
                             <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a </span>= <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$as_single</span>(s);
                         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
                             <span class="macro">panic!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Failed to convert YAML value {:?} to a string&quot;</span>, ys);
                         }
                     }
                 } <span class="kw">else </span>{
                     <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(s) = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$y</span>[<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$as_vec</span>)].as_str() {
                         <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a </span>= <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a</span>.<span class="macro-nonterminal">$as_single</span>(s);
                     } <span class="kw">else if </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$y</span>[<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$as_vec</span>)] != Yaml::BadValue {
                         <span class="macro">panic!</span>(
                             <span class="string">&quot;Failed to convert YAML value {:?} to either a vec or string&quot;</span>,
                             <span class="macro-nonterminal">$y</span>[<span class="macro">stringify!</span>(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$as_vec</span>)]
                         );
                     }
                 }
                 <span class="macro-nonterminal">$a
             </span>}};
         }

         a = <span class="macro">vec_or_str!</span>(a, yaml, aliases, alias);
         a = <span class="macro">vec_or_str!</span>(a, yaml, visible_aliases, visible_alias);

         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;args&quot;</span>].as_vec() {
             <span class="kw">for </span>arg_yaml <span class="kw">in </span>v {
                 a = a.arg(Arg::from_yaml(arg_yaml.as_hash().unwrap()));
             }
         }
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;subcommands&quot;</span>].as_vec() {
             <span class="kw">for </span>sc_yaml <span class="kw">in </span>v {
                 a = a.subcommand(SubCommand::from_yaml(sc_yaml));
             }
         }
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = yaml[<span class="string">&quot;groups&quot;</span>].as_vec() {
             <span class="kw">for </span>ag_yaml <span class="kw">in </span>v {
                 a = a.group(ArgGroup::from(ag_yaml.as_hash().unwrap()));
             }
         }

         a
     }
 }

 <span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt; Clone <span class="kw">for </span>App&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;a</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;b</span>&gt; {
     <span class="kw">fn </span>clone(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="self">Self </span>{
         App { p: <span class="self">self</span>.p.clone() }
     }
 }

 <span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;n</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;e</span>&gt; AnyArg&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;n</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;e</span>&gt; <span class="kw">for </span>App&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;n</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;e</span>&gt; {
     <span class="kw">fn </span>name(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;n </span>str {
         <span class="string">&quot;&quot;
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>overrides(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str]&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>requires(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[(<span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str&gt;, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;n </span>str)]&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>blacklist(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str]&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>required_unless(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str]&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>val_names(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>VecMap&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str&gt;&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>is_set(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="kw">_</span>: ArgSettings) -&gt; bool {
         <span class="bool-val">false
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>val_terminator(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>set(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span><span class="self">self</span>, <span class="kw">_</span>: ArgSettings) {
         <span class="macro">unreachable!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;App struct does not support AnyArg::set, this is a bug!&quot;</span>)
     }
     <span class="kw">fn </span>has_switch(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; bool {
         <span class="bool-val">false
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>max_vals(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;u64&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>num_vals(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;u64&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>possible_vals(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str]&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="attribute">#[cfg_attr(feature = <span class="string">&quot;cargo-clippy&quot;</span>, allow(clippy::type_complexity))]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>validator(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Rc&lt;Fn(String) -&gt; StdResult&lt;(), String&gt;&gt;&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="attribute">#[cfg_attr(feature = <span class="string">&quot;cargo-clippy&quot;</span>, allow(clippy::type_complexity))]
     </span><span class="kw">fn </span>validator_os(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>Rc&lt;Fn(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>OsStr) -&gt; StdResult&lt;(), OsString&gt;&gt;&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>min_vals(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;u64&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>short(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;char&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>long(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>val_delim(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;char&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>takes_value(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; bool {
         <span class="bool-val">true
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>help(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str&gt; {
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.about
     }
     <span class="kw">fn </span>long_help(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str&gt; {
         <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.long_about
     }
     <span class="kw">fn </span>default_val(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>OsStr&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>default_vals_ifs(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;map::Values&lt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;n </span>str, <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>OsStr&gt;, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>OsStr)&gt;&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>env&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;s</span>&gt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;s </span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;n </span>OsStr, <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;s </span>OsString&gt;)&gt; {
         <span class="prelude-val">None
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>longest_filter(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; bool {
         <span class="bool-val">true
     </span>}
     <span class="kw">fn </span>aliases(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span>&lt;Vec&lt;<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="lifetime">&#39;e </span>str&gt;&gt; {
         <span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="kw-2">ref </span>aliases) = <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.aliases {
             <span class="kw">let </span>vis_aliases: Vec&lt;<span class="kw">_</span>&gt; = aliases
                 .iter()
                 .filter_map(|<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>(n, v)| <span class="kw">if </span>v { <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(n) } <span class="kw">else </span>{ <span class="prelude-val">None </span>})
                 .collect();
             <span class="kw">if </span>vis_aliases.is_empty() {
                 <span class="prelude-val">None
             </span>} <span class="kw">else </span>{
                 <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(vis_aliases)
             }
         } <span class="kw">else </span>{
             <span class="prelude-val">None
         </span>}
     }
 }

 <span class="kw">impl</span>&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;n</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;e</span>&gt; fmt::Display <span class="kw">for </span>App&lt;<span class="lifetime">&#39;n</span>, <span class="lifetime">&#39;e</span>&gt; {
     <span class="kw">fn </span>fmt(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="self">self</span>, f: <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>fmt::Formatter) -&gt; fmt::Result {
         <span class="macro">write!</span>(f, <span class="string">&quot;{}&quot;</span>, <span class="self">self</span>.p.meta.name)
     }
 }
 </code></pre></div>
 </section></div></main><div id="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../../" data-current-crate="clap" data-themes="ayu,dark,light" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.66.0-nightly (5c8bff74b 2022-10-21)" ></div></body></html>