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| <div class="hero-body"> |
| |
| <p class="title is-size-2 is-centered">运维经验</p> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| <section class="section" style="padding-top: 2rem;"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <p>任何一个分布式系统的运维工作都少不了周期巡检，问题排查，故障报警，人工审核。它们是保证服务稳定运行的关键。 |
| 这里整理Pegasus的监控指标，你可以根据需要接入到你的运维工具中。</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="周期巡检">周期巡检</h2> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>可用度</strong>：正常时可用度会保持在100%，发生节点故障等异常偶尔会有可用度低于100%的情况</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>总QPS</strong>：异常流量的突增或者突降有时会导致服务抖动</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>读写延迟</strong>：P99读延迟和P99写延迟可能有异常毛刺的情况，对用户会造成影响</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>内存使用</strong>：关注内存使用是否正常，譬如memory是否出现暴涨、是否达到了警戒线</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>存储使用</strong>：关注磁盘存储使用是否正常，预估存储是否够用</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h2 id="问题排查">问题排查</h2> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>集群基础信息是否正常：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">cluster_info</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>meta_servers列表是否正确</li> |
| <li>primary_meta_server是否为第一个（因为推荐使用第一个，第二个节点上可能部署有数据节点）</li> |
| <li>meta_function_level是否是steady状态</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>各Table、各Partition是否健康：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ls -d</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Table数量是否正常</li> |
| <li>所有Table的unhealthy_num（没有达到一主一备的partition数量）和partly_healthy_num（没有达到一主两备的partition数量）是否都为0</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>各节点是否健康：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">nodes -d</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>所有节点是否都是ALIVE状态</li> |
| <li>数据分布是否倾斜严重，如果倾斜严重，可以选择集群流量比较小的时间段将meta_function_level设置为lively进行负载均衡调整，并在调整完成后设置回steady状态</li> |
| <li>注意：负载均衡只有在必要的时候才进行，前提是不要影响服务稳定性，因此不要频繁操作；在调整过程中要全程监控集群状态</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>各节点的基本信息是否正常：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">server_info</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Server版本是否正确</li> |
| <li>通过Start Time判断是否发生过重启</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>各节点的实时统计信息是否正常：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">server_stat</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>读写QPS、读写延迟</li> |
| <li>SharedLog大小</li> |
| <li>内存使用量</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>各Table的实时统计信息是否正常：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">app_stat</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>各操作的QPS情况是否正常</li> |
| <li>各Table的存储用量是否正常</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>检查机器的socket连接数： |
| <ul> |
| <li>到MetaServer所在机器上使用netstat命令检查连接数：</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>netstat <span class="nt">-na</span> | <span class="nb">grep</span> <span class="s1">'601\>'</span> | <span class="nb">grep </span>ESTABLISHED | <span class="nb">wc</span> <span class="nt">-l</span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>检查与该机器建立连接的远程节点，按照连接数排序：</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>netstat <span class="nt">-na</span> | <span class="nb">grep</span> <span class="s1">'601\>'</span> | <span class="nb">grep </span>ESTABLISHE | <span class="nb">awk</span> <span class="s1">'{print $5}'</span> | <span class="nb">sed</span> <span class="s1">'s/:.*//'</span> | <span class="nb">sort</span> | <span class="nb">uniq</span> <span class="nt">-c</span> | <span class="nb">sort</span> <span class="nt">-k1</span> <span class="nt">-n</span> <span class="nt">-r</span> | <span class="nb">head</span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>如果连接数太多（譬如单节点连接数超过100），就需要进一步分析原因。</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>常见故障处理办法：</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>如果节点挂掉重启，需要登录到对应机器上，检查原因： |
| <ul> |
| <li>通过server的日志</li> |
| <li>通过core文件；如果没有core文件，需要检查ulimit配置是否正确，或者通过dmesg或者/var/log/messages查看是否因为OutOfMemory原因被系统杀死</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>如果出故障机器较多，可以考虑将meta置为freezed状态，避免雪崩</li> |
| <li>进程不停重启，可以考虑停止进程</li> |
| <li>机器无法从relay连接，有可能是宕机了，快速联系系统运维人员</li> |
| <li>注意系统的参数：CPU情况、diskIO负载和latency、network负载和latency、socket个数</li> |
| <li>通过dmesg查看内核报错</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h2 id="需求审核">需求审核</h2> |
| |
| <p>Pegasus和多数数据库一样，以表的方式管理资源。 |
| 每个表需要的资源量需要提前告知，这样我们才能为需求分配合适的计算存储资源。 |
| 除此外，与业务深度交流，定制最合适的存储方案也有助于后期服务的稳定运行。</p> |
| |
| <p>有哪些重要的需求需要提前审核：</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>表名</li> |
| <li>读峰值（QPS）</li> |
| <li>读总量（条/天）</li> |
| <li>写峰值（QPS）</li> |
| <li>写总量（条/天）</li> |
| <li>单条数据平均大小（KB/条）</li> |
| <li>数据总量预估 （GB）</li> |
| <li>增长预估（6个月/1年/3年与目前相比倍数）</li> |
| <li>读延迟需求（毫秒/P99）</li> |
| <li>写延迟需求（毫秒/P99）</li> |
| <li>访问特征（如定时批量写入）</li> |
| <li>是否存在既有数据需导入/数据规模</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
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