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| </section> |
| <section class="section" style="padding-top: 2rem;"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <p>一个分布式系统的Meta Server管理工作包含周期巡检，监控报警，故障排查，接入审核等，通过这些手段来帮助服务稳定运行。</p> |
| |
| <h1 id="周期巡检">周期巡检</h1> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>可用性：正常时可用性会保持在 100%，发生节点故障等异常偶尔会有可用性低于 100% 的情况</li> |
| <li>IOPS：流量的突增可能导致服务稳定性受到影响，而流量的突降可能是服务已故障所致</li> |
| <li>读写延迟：读写操作的 P99 延迟可能有异常毛刺的情况，对 Pegasus 用户产生影响</li> |
| <li>系统资源使用：CPU、内存、磁盘的使用量，网络带宽及连接数是否出现暴涨、是否达到高水位线</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h1 id="监控报警">监控报警</h1> |
| |
| <p>参考 <a href="/zh/administration/monitoring">可视化监控</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h1 id="问题排查">问题排查</h1> |
| |
| <p>使用 <a href="/zh/overview/shell">Shell 工具</a> 查看 Pegasus 系统状态：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>集群基础信息是否正常：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">cluster_info</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">meta_servers</code> 列表是否正常</li> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">meta_function_level</code> 是否是 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">steady</code> 状态</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>各 Table、各 Partition 是否健康：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ls -d</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Table 数量是否正常</li> |
| <li>所有 Table 的 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">unhealthy</code> 分片数量是否都为 0</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>各节点是否健康：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">nodes -d</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>所有节点都在列表中，且状态都是 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ALIVE</code></li> |
| <li>数据分布是否倾斜严重（即 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">replica_count</code> 列或 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">primary_count</code> 列数量不平均）。如果倾斜严重，可以选择集群流量比较小的时间段，使用 shell 工具命令 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">set_meta_level</code> 设置为 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lively</code>，使其进行负载均衡调整。记得在调整完成后设置回 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">steady</code> 状态 |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>注意：对于延迟敏感的用户，负载均衡只能在必要的时候才进行，不要影响服务稳定性，在该过程中要密切观察集群状态</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>各节点的基本信息是否正常：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">server_info</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>每个 server 的版本是否正确</li> |
| <li>通过 start time 判断是否发生过重启</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>各节点的 metrics 信息是否正常：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">server_stat</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>IOPS、读写延迟</li> |
| <li>内存使用量</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>各表的 metrics 信息是否正常：<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">app_stat</code> |
| <ul> |
| <li>IOPS</li> |
| <li>存储用量</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>查看系统信息： |
| 例如，检查服务器的 socket 连接数（其中 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">34601</code> 为 MetaServer 的服务监听端口）：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>在 Meta Server 所在服务器上使用 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">netstat</code> 命令检查连接数： |
| <div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> netstat <span class="nt">-na</span> | <span class="nb">grep</span> <span class="s1">'34601\>'</span> | <span class="nb">grep </span>ESTABLISHED | <span class="nb">wc</span> <span class="nt">-l</span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| </li> |
| <li>检查与该服务器建立连接的远程节点，按照连接数排序： |
| <div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> netstat <span class="nt">-na</span> | <span class="nb">grep</span> <span class="s1">'34601\>'</span> | <span class="nb">grep </span>ESTABLISHE | <span class="nb">awk</span> <span class="s1">'{print $5}'</span> | <span class="nb">sed</span> <span class="s1">'s/:.*//'</span> | <span class="nb">sort</span> | <span class="nb">uniq</span> <span class="nt">-c</span> | <span class="nb">sort</span> <span class="nt">-k1</span> <span class="nt">-n</span> <span class="nt">-r</span> | <span class="nb">head</span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| </li> |
| <li>如果连接数太多（例如单节点连接数超过 100），就需要进一步分析原因。</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h2 id="常见故障处理方法">常见故障处理方法</h2> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>如果服务进程异常退出，需要登录到对应服务器上，检查原因： |
| <ul> |
| <li>查看 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">dmesg</code> 或 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/log/messages</code> 确认进程退出原因</li> |
| <li>如果是 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Out of memory: Killed process xxx</code>：查看 Meta Server 或 Replica Server 的内存使用监控，分析是否有异常现象</li> |
| <li>如果是 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">segfault at xxx</code>： |
| <ul> |
| <li>查看 Meta Server 或 Replica Server 的标准错误输出日志和服务日志</li> |
| <li>检查是否有 coredump 文件生成，有则使用 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">gdb</code> 分析；如果没有 coredump 文件，则按需设置系统和用户的 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ulimit</code></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li>如果出故障服务器较多，可以考虑将设置 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">set_meta_level</code> 置为 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">freezed</code> 状态，避免服务雪崩</li> |
| <li>如果进程不断重启（异常退出，又被其他进程监控服务拉起），可以考虑临时停止进程监控服务自动地拉起 Pegasus 进程</li> |
| <li>如果无法远程登录（如 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ssh</code>）到该服务器，有可能是物理机发生宕机，请联系服务提供方处理</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h1 id="pegasus-服务接入审核">Pegasus 服务接入审核</h1> |
| |
| <p>Pegasus 和多数数据库一样，以 <em>表</em> 为单位管理资源。作为 Pegasus 的管理员，在每个表接入时，需要了解表需要的资源量，以便分配合适的计算和存储资源。结合 Pegasus 的存储原理，优化 key-value 的 schema 设计，也有助于保证服务的稳定性。</p> |
| |
| <p>可以收集分析以下信息：</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>表名</li> |
| <li>读峰值（QPS）</li> |
| <li>读总量（条/天）</li> |
| <li>写峰值（QPS）</li> |
| <li>写总量（条/天）</li> |
| <li>key-value 设计模式（以此判断是否存在数据倾斜问题）</li> |
| <li>访问模式（判断是否存在热点读写问题）</li> |
| <li>单条数据平均大小（KB/条）</li> |
| <li>数据总量预估（GB）</li> |
| <li>增长预估（例如 6 个月 / 1 年 / 3 年的增长量）</li> |
| <li>读延迟需求（P99 延迟）</li> |
| <li>写延迟需求（P99 延迟）</li> |
| <li>IOPS 特征（例如全天均衡、平滑的波峰与低谷、定时的批量写入等）</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
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