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| <h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="overview"></a><a href="#overview" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Overview</h3> |
| <p>This guide provides basic steps at using and tuning the First Fit Decreasing packing algorithm in |
| order to utilize the resources efficiently. This packing algorithm aims at utilizing as few |
| containers as possible, thus limiting the overall resources used. The algorithm is based on the |
| First Fit Decreasing heuristic for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin_packing_problem">Binpacking problem</a>. |
| The algorithm is useful in the following scenarios:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>The user does not know how many containers to use. This algorithm decides the number of |
| containers to be used and thus the user does not have to specify the number of containers |
| in the topology configuration.</li> |
| <li>The user wants to minimize the resource consumption. The First Fit Decreasing packing algorithm |
| uses a minimum number of containers in order to reduce the resources allocated to the topology. |
| Note that for each new container, a stream manager process will be launched which will increase |
| the amount of resources used. Thus, reducing the number of containers can result in further |
| resource savings.</li> |
| <li>The user expects that the provisioned per-instance RAM would be either the one specified in the |
| component RAM or the default value. The algorithm guarantees that the placement of instances in |
| the containers will never result in an allocation that assigns to one or more instances a smaller |
| amount of RAM than expected.</li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>To enable the First Fit Decreasing |
| algorithm, update the <code>packing.yaml</code> file as follows:</p> |
| <pre><code class="hljs css language-yaml"><span class="hljs-comment"># packing algorithm for packing instances into containers</span> |
| <span class="hljs-attr">heron.class.packing.algorithm:</span> <span class="hljs-string">org.apache.heron.packing.binpacking.FirstFitDecreasingPacking</span> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>The algorithm accepts as input the values of the following parameters:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>Component RAM</li> |
| <li>Hint for the maximum container RAM |
| (<code>org.apache.heron.api.Config.TOPOLOGY_CONTAINER_MAX_RAM_HINT</code>)</li> |
| <li>Hint for the maximum container CPU |
| (<code>org.apache.heron.api.Config.TOPOLOGY_CONTAINER_MAX_CPU_HINT</code>)</li> |
| <li>Hint for the maximum container Disk |
| (<code>org.apache.heron.api.Config.TOPOLOGY_CONTAINER_MAX_DISK_HINT</code>)</li> |
| <li>Padding percentage (<code>org.apache.heron.api.Config.TOPOLOGY_CONTAINER_PADDING_PERCENTAGE</code>)</li> |
| <li>Component Parallelisms</li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>Parameter 1 determines the RAM requirement of each component in the topology. |
| If the requirement is not specified then a default value of 1GB is used. The First Fit Decreasing |
| algorithm guarantees that the amount of memory allocated to a component is either the one specified |
| by the user or the default one.</p> |
| <p>The parameters 2-4 determine the maximum container size with respect to RAM, CPU cores and disk. |
| If one of these parameters is not specified by the user then |
| the hint for the corresponding maximum container resource is set to the default resource requirement |
| of 4 Heron instances.</p> |
| <p>Note that these values take into account only the resources allocated for the user's instances. |
| Additional per container resources for system-related processes such as the stream manager can be |
| added to the maximum container size defined above. Thus, the algorithm might eventually produce |
| containers slightly bigger that the boundary determined by parameters 2-4. The amount of the |
| additional resources allocated to each container to account for additional internal Heron resource |
| requirements, is determined by the padding percentage specified in parameter 5. If the user does |
| not specify the padding percentage, then the system will use a default value of 10. |
| In this case, after a container has been filled with user instances, an additional 10% of resources |
| will be allocated to it.</p> |
| <p>Based on these parameters, the algorithm decides how to place the instances in the containers |
| and how many containers to use. More specifically, the algorithm first sorts the instances in |
| decreasing order of their RAM requirements. It then picks the instance on the head of the sorted |
| list and places it in the first container that has enough resources (RAM, CPU cores, disk) to |
| accommodate it. If none of the existing containers have the requires resources, then a new container |
| is allocated. Note that if an the RAM requirements of an instance exceed the value of |
| parameter 2, then the algorithm returns an empty packing plan. After all the instances have |
| been allocated to the containers, the algorithm adds the per-container padding resources |
| as specified by parameter 5. The packing plan produced by the First Fit Decreasing packing algorithm |
| can contain heterogeneous containers. Note that the algorithm does not require the number of |
| containers as input.</p> |
| <h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="configuring-the-first-fit-decreasing-packing-algorithm"></a><a href="#configuring-the-first-fit-decreasing-packing-algorithm" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Configuring the First Fit Decreasing Packing Algorithm</h3> |
| <ol> |
| <li><p>The methods <code>org.apache.heron.api.Config.setContainerMaxRamHint(long bytes)</code>, |
| <code>org.apache.heron.api.Config.setContainerMaxCpuHint(float ncpus)</code>, |
| <code>org.apache.heron.api.Config.setContainerMaxDiskHint(long bytes)</code> |
| can be used to set parameters 2-4 when defining a topology.</p></li> |
| <li><p>The <code>org.apache.heron.api.Config.setContainerPaddingPercentage(int percentage)</code> |
| method can be used to set the padding percentage |
| defined in parameter 5 when defining a topology.</p> |
| <p>Here's an example code snippet for setting these parameters when defining a topology:</p> |
| <pre><code class="hljs css language-java"> |
| <span class="hljs-comment">// Set up the topology and its config</span> |
| org.apache.heron.api.Config topologyConfig = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> org.apache.heron.api.Config(); |
| |
| <span class="hljs-keyword">long</span> maxContainerRam = <span class="hljs-number">10L</span> * Constants.GB; |
| |
| topologyConfig.setContainerMaxRamHint(maxContainerRam); |
| topologyConfig.setContainerPaddingPercentage(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>); |
| </code></pre></li> |
| </ol> |
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