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| <body id="impala"><h1 class="title topictitle1">Apache Impala Guide</h1><div><ul class="map"><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_intro.html">Introducing Apache Impala</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_concepts.html">Concepts and Architecture</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_components.html">Components</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_development.html">Developing Applications</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_hadoop.html">Role in the Hadoop Ecosystem</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_planning.html">Deployment Planning</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_prereqs.html">Requirements</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_schema_design.html">Designing Schemas</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_install.html">Installing Impala</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_config.html">Managing Impala</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_config_performance.html">Post-Installation Configuration for Impala</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_upgrading.html">Upgrading Impala</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_processes.html">Starting Impala</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_config_options.html">Modifying Impala Startup Options</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_tutorial.html">Tutorials</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_admin.html">Administration</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_timeouts.html">Setting Timeouts</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_proxy.html">Load-Balancing Proxy for HA</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_disk_space.html">Managing Disk Space</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_security.html">Impala Security</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_security_guidelines.html">Security Guidelines for Impala</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_security_files.html">Securing Impala Data and Log Files</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_security_install.html">Installation Considerations for Impala Security</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_security_metastore.html">Securing the Hive Metastore Database</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_security_webui.html">Securing the Impala Web User Interface</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_ssl.html">Configuring TLS/SSL for Impala</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_authorization.html">Impala Authorization</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_authentication.html">Impala Authentication</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_kerberos.html">Enabling Kerberos Authentication for Impala</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_ldap.html">Enabling LDAP Authentication for Impala</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_mixed_security.html">Using Multiple Authentication Methods with Impala</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_delegation.html">Configuring Impala Delegation for Clients</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_auditing.html">Auditing</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_lineage.html">Viewing Lineage Info</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_langref.html">SQL Reference</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_comments.html">Comments</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_datatypes.html">Data Types</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_array.html">ARRAY Complex Type (Impala 2.3 or higher only)</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_bigint.html">BIGINT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_boolean.html">BOOLEAN</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_char.html">CHAR</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_date.html">DATE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_decimal.html">DECIMAL</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_double.html">DOUBLE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_float.html">FLOAT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_int.html">INT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_map.html">MAP Complex Type (Impala 2.3 or higher only)</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_real.html">REAL</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_smallint.html">SMALLINT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_string.html">STRING</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_struct.html">STRUCT Complex Type (Impala 2.3 or higher only)</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_timestamp.html">TIMESTAMP</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_custom_timezones.html">Customizing Time Zones</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_tinyint.html">TINYINT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_varchar.html">VARCHAR</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_complex_types.html">Complex Types (Impala 2.3 or higher only)</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_literals.html">Literals</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_operators.html">SQL Operators</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_schema_objects.html">Schema Objects and Object Names</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_aliases.html">Aliases</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_databases.html">Databases</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_functions_overview.html">Functions</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_identifiers.html">Identifiers</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_tables.html">Tables</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_views.html">Views</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_transactions.html">Transactions</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_langref_sql.html">SQL Statements</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_ddl.html">DDL Statements</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_dml.html">DML Statements</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_alter_database.html">ALTER DATABASE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_alter_table.html">ALTER TABLE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_alter_view.html">ALTER VIEW</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_comment.html">COMMENT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_compute_stats.html">COMPUTE STATS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_create_database.html">CREATE DATABASE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_create_function.html">CREATE FUNCTION</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_create_role.html">CREATE ROLE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_create_table.html">CREATE TABLE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_create_view.html">CREATE VIEW</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_delete.html">DELETE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_describe.html">DESCRIBE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_drop_database.html">DROP DATABASE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_drop_function.html">DROP FUNCTION</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_drop_role.html">DROP ROLE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_drop_stats.html">DROP STATS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_drop_table.html">DROP TABLE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_drop_view.html">DROP VIEW</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_explain.html">EXPLAIN</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_grant.html">GRANT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_insert.html">INSERT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_invalidate_metadata.html">INVALIDATE METADATA</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_load_data.html">LOAD DATA</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_refresh.html">REFRESH</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_refresh_authorization.html">REFRESH AUTHORIZATION</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_refresh_functions.html">REFRESH FUNCTIONS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_revoke.html">REVOKE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_select.html">SELECT</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_joins.html">Joins</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_order_by.html">ORDER BY Clause</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_group_by.html">GROUP BY Clause</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_having.html">HAVING Clause</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_limit.html">LIMIT Clause</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_offset.html">OFFSET Clause</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_union.html">UNION Clause</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_subqueries.html">Subqueries</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_tablesample.html">TABLESAMPLE Clause</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_with.html">WITH Clause</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_distinct.html">DISTINCT Operator</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_set.html">SET</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_query_options.html">Query Options for the SET Statement</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_abort_on_error.html">ABORT_ON_ERROR</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_allow_erasure_coded_files.html">ALLOW_ERASURE_CODED_FILES</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_allow_unsupported_formats.html">ALLOW_UNSUPPORTED_FORMATS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_appx_count_distinct.html">APPX_COUNT_DISTINCT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_batch_size.html">BATCH_SIZE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_broadcast_bytes_limit.html">BROADCAST_BYTES_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_buffer_pool_limit.html">BUFFER_POOL_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_compression_codec.html">COMPRESSION_CODEC</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_compute_stats_min_sample_size.html">COMPUTE_STATS_MIN_SAMPLE_SIZE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_debug_action.html">DEBUG_ACTION</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_decimal_v2.html">DECIMAL_V2</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_default_file_format.html">DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_default_hints_insert_statement.html">DEFAULT_HINTS_INSERT_STATEMENT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_default_join_distribution_mode.html">DEFAULT_JOIN_DISTRIBUTION_MODE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_default_spillable_buffer_size.html">DEFAULT_SPILLABLE_BUFFER_SIZE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_default_transactional_type.html">DEFAULT_TRANSACTIONAL_TYPE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_delete_stats_in_truncate.html">DELETE_STATS_IN_TRUNCATE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_disable_codegen.html">DISABLE_CODEGEN</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_disable_codegen_rows_threshold.html">DISABLE_CODEGEN_ROWS_THRESHOLD</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_disable_hbase_num_rows_estimate.html">DISABLE_HBASE_NUM_ROWS_ESTIMATE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_disable_row_runtime_filtering.html">DISABLE_ROW_RUNTIME_FILTERING</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_disable_streaming_preaggregations.html">DISABLE_STREAMING_PREAGGREGATIONS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_disable_unsafe_spills.html">DISABLE_UNSAFE_SPILLS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_enable_expr_rewrites.html">ENABLE_EXPR_REWRITES</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_exec_single_node_rows_threshold.html">EXEC_SINGLE_NODE_ROWS_THRESHOLD</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_exec_time_limit_s.html">EXEC_TIME_LIMIT_S</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_explain_level.html">EXPLAIN_LEVEL</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_max_num_runtime_filters.html">MAX_NUM_RUNTIME_FILTERS</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_fetch_rows_timeout_ms.html">FETCH_ROWS_TIMEOUT_MS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_join_rows_produced_limit.html">JOIN_ROWS_PRODUCED_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_hbase_cache_blocks.html">HBASE_CACHE_BLOCKS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_hbase_caching.html">HBASE_CACHING</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_idle_session_timeout.html">IDLE_SESSION_TIMEOUT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_kudu_read_mode.html">KUDU_READ_MODE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_live_progress.html">LIVE_PROGRESS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_live_summary.html">LIVE_SUMMARY</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_max_errors.html">MAX_ERRORS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_max_mem_estimate_for_admission.html">MAX_MEM_ESTIMATE_FOR_ADMISSION</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_max_result_spooling_mem.html">MAX_RESULT_SPOOLING_MEM</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_max_row_size.html">MAX_ROW_SIZE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_max_scan_range_length.html">MAX_SCAN_RANGE_LENGTH</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_max_spilled_result_spooling_mem.html">MAX_SPILLED_RESULT_SPOOLING_MEM</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_mem_limit.html">MEM_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_min_spillable_buffer_size.html">MIN_SPILLABLE_BUFFER_SIZE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_mt_dop.html">MT_DOP</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_num_nodes.html">NUM_NODES</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_num_rows_produced_limit.html">NUM_ROWS_PRODUCED_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_num_scanner_threads.html">NUM_SCANNER_THREADS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_optimize_partition_key_scans.html">OPTIMIZE_PARTITION_KEY_SCANS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_compression_codec.html">PARQUET_COMPRESSION_CODEC</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_annotate_strings_utf8.html">PARQUET_ANNOTATE_STRINGS_UTF8</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_array_resolution.html">PARQUET_ARRAY_RESOLUTION</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_dictionary_filtering.html">PARQUET_DICTIONARY_FILTERING</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_fallback_schema_resolution.html">PARQUET_FALLBACK_SCHEMA_RESOLUTION</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_file_size.html">PARQUET_FILE_SIZE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_object_store_split_size.html">PARQUET_OBJECT_STORE_SPLIT_SIZE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_page_row_count_limit.html">PARQUET_PAGE_ROW_COUNT_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_read_statistics.html">PARQUET_READ_STATISTICS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_read_page_index.html">PARQUET_READ_PAGE_INDEX</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_parquet_write_page_index.html">PARQUET_WRITE_PAGE_INDEX</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_prefetch_mode.html">PREFETCH_MODE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_query_timeout_s.html">QUERY_TIMEOUT_S</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_refresh_updated_hms.html">REFRESH_UPDATED_HMS_PARTITIONS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_replica_preference.html">REPLICA_PREFERENCE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_request_pool.html">REQUEST_POOL</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_resource_trace_ratio.html">RESOURCE_TRACE_RATIO</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_retry_failed_queries.html">RETRY_FAILED_QUERIES</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_runtime_bloom_filter_size.html">RUNTIME_BLOOM_FILTER_SIZE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_runtime_filter_max_size.html">RUNTIME_FILTER_MAX_SIZE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_runtime_filter_min_size.html">RUNTIME_FILTER_MIN_SIZE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_runtime_filter_mode.html">RUNTIME_FILTER_MODE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_runtime_filter_wait_time_ms.html">RUNTIME_FILTER_WAIT_TIME_MS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_s3_skip_insert_staging.html">S3_SKIP_INSERT_STAGING</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_scan_bytes_limit.html">SCAN_BYTES_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_schedule_random_replica.html">SCHEDULE_RANDOM_REPLICA</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_scratch_limit.html">SCRATCH_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_shuffle_distinct_exprs.html">SHUFFLE_DISTINCT_EXPRS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_spool_query_results.html">SPOOL_QUERY_RESULTS</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_support_start_over.html">SUPPORT_START_OVER</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_sync_ddl.html">SYNC_DDL</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_thread_reservation_aggregate_limit.html">THREAD_RESERVATION_AGGREGATE_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_thread_reservation_limit.html">THREAD_RESERVATION_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_timezone.html">TIMEZONE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_topn_bytes_limit.html">TOPN_BYTES_LIMIT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_utf8_mode.html">UTF8_MODE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_expand_complex_types.html">EXPAND_COMPLEX_TYPES</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_show.html">SHOW</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_shutdown.html">SHUTDOWN</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_truncate_table.html">TRUNCATE TABLE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_update.html">UPDATE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_upsert.html">UPSERT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_use.html">USE</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_values.html">VALUES</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_hints.html">Optimizer Hints</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_functions.html">Built-In Functions</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_math_functions.html">Mathematical Functions</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_bit_functions.html">Bit Functions</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_conversion_functions.html">Type Conversion Functions</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_datetime_functions.html">Date and Time Functions</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_conditional_functions.html">Conditional Functions</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_string_functions.html">String Functions</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_misc_functions.html">Miscellaneous Functions</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_aggregate_functions.html">Aggregate Functions</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_appx_median.html">APPX_MEDIAN</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_avg.html">AVG</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_count.html">COUNT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_group_concat.html">GROUP_CONCAT</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_max.html">MAX</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_min.html">MIN</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_ndv.html">NDV</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_stddev.html">STDDEV, STDDEV_SAMP, STDDEV_POP</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_sum.html">SUM</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_variance.html">VARIANCE, VARIANCE_SAMP, VARIANCE_POP, VAR_SAMP, VAR_POP</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_analytic_functions.html">Analytic Functions</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_udf.html">User-Defined Functions (UDFs)</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_langref_unsupported.html">SQL Differences Between Impala and Hive</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_porting.html">Porting SQL</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_utf_8.html">UTF-8 Support</a></li></ul></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_performance.html">Performance Tuning</a><ul><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_perf_cookbook.html">Performance Best Practices</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_perf_joins.html">Join Performance</a></li><li class="topicref"><a href="topics/impala_perf_stats.html">Table 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