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| |
| <h1 class="title topictitle1" id="ariaid-title1">OPTIMIZE_PARTITION_KEY_SCANS Query Option (<span class="keyword">Impala 2.5</span> or higher only)</h1> |
| |
| |
| |
| <div class="body conbody"> |
| |
| <p class="p"> |
| |
| Enables a fast code path for queries that apply simple aggregate functions to partition key |
| columns: <code class="ph codeph">MIN(<var class="keyword varname">key_column</var>)</code>, <code class="ph codeph">MAX(<var class="keyword varname">key_column</var>)</code>, |
| or <code class="ph codeph">COUNT(DISTINCT <var class="keyword varname">key_column</var>)</code>. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p class="p"> |
| <strong class="ph b">Type:</strong> Boolean; recognized values are 1 and 0, or <code class="ph codeph">true</code> and |
| <code class="ph codeph">false</code>; any other value interpreted as <code class="ph codeph">false</code> |
| </p> |
| <p class="p"> |
| <strong class="ph b">Default:</strong> <code class="ph codeph">false</code> (shown as 0 in output of <code class="ph codeph">SET</code> |
| statement) |
| </p> |
| |
| <div class="note note note_note"><span class="note__title notetitle">Note:</span> |
| In <span class="keyword">Impala 2.5.0</span>, only the value 1 enables the option, and the value |
| <code class="ph codeph">true</code> is not recognized. This limitation is tracked by the issue |
| <a class="xref" href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IMPALA-3334" target="_blank">IMPALA-3334</a>, which shows the releases where the |
| problem is fixed. |
| </div> |
| |
| <p class="p"> |
| <strong class="ph b">Added in:</strong> <span class="keyword">Impala 2.5.0</span> |
| </p> |
| |
| <p class="p"> |
| <strong class="ph b">Usage notes:</strong> |
| </p> |
| |
| <p class="p"> |
| This optimization speeds up common <span class="q">"introspection"</span> operations |
| over partition key columns, for example determining the distinct values |
| of partition keys. |
| </p> |
| |
| <div class="p"> |
| This optimization does not apply to <code class="ph codeph">SELECT</code> statements |
| that reference columns that are not partition keys. It also only applies |
| when all the partition key columns in the <code class="ph codeph">SELECT</code> statement |
| are referenced in one of the following contexts: |
| <ul class="ul"> |
| <li class="li"> |
| <p class="p"> |
| Within a <code class="ph codeph">MAX()</code> or <code class="ph codeph">MAX()</code> |
| aggregate function or as the argument of any aggregate function with |
| the <code class="ph codeph">DISTINCT</code> keyword applied. |
| </p> |
| </li> |
| <li class="li"> |
| <p class="p"> |
| Within a <code class="ph codeph">WHERE</code>, <code class="ph codeph">GROUP BY</code> |
| or <code class="ph codeph">HAVING</code> clause. |
| </p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| |
| <p class="p"> |
| This optimization is enabled by a query option because it skips some consistency checks |
| and therefore can return slightly different partition values if partitions are in the |
| process of being added, dropped, or loaded outside of Impala. Queries might exhibit different |
| behavior depending on the setting of this option in the following cases: |
| </p> |
| |
| <ul class="ul"> |
| <li class="li"> |
| <p class="p"> |
| If files are removed from a partition using HDFS or other non-Impala operations, |
| there is a period until the next <code class="ph codeph">REFRESH</code> of the table where regular |
| queries fail at run time because they detect the missing files. With this optimization |
| enabled, queries that evaluate only the partition key column values (not the contents of |
| the partition itself) succeed, and treat the partition as if it still exists. |
| </p> |
| </li> |
| <li class="li"> |
| <p class="p"> |
| If a partition contains any data files, but the data files do not contain any rows, |
| a regular query considers that the partition does not exist. With this optimization |
| enabled, the partition is treated as if it exists. |
| </p> |
| <p class="p"> |
| If the partition includes no files at all, this optimization does not change the query |
| behavior: the partition is considered to not exist whether or not this optimization is enabled. |
| </p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p class="p"> |
| <strong class="ph b">Examples:</strong> |
| </p> |
| |
| <p class="p"> |
| The following example shows initial schema setup and the default behavior of queries that |
| return just the partition key column for a table: |
| </p> |
| |
| <pre class="pre codeblock"><code> |
| -- Make a partitioned table with 3 partitions. |
| create table t1 (s string) partitioned by (year int); |
| insert into t1 partition (year=2015) values ('last year'); |
| insert into t1 partition (year=2016) values ('this year'); |
| insert into t1 partition (year=2017) values ('next year'); |
| |
| -- Regardless of the option setting, this query must read the |
| -- data files to know how many rows to return for each year value. |
| explain select year from t1; |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Explain String | |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Estimated Per-Host Requirements: Memory=0B VCores=0 | |
| | | |
| | F00:PLAN FRAGMENT [UNPARTITIONED] | |
| | 00:SCAN HDFS [key_cols.t1] | |
| | partitions=3/3 files=4 size=40B | |
| | table stats: 3 rows total | |
| | column stats: all | |
| | hosts=3 per-host-mem=unavailable | |
| | tuple-ids=0 row-size=4B cardinality=3 | |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| -- The aggregation operation means the query does not need to read |
| -- the data within each partition: the result set contains exactly 1 row |
| -- per partition, derived from the partition key column value. |
| -- By default, Impala still includes a 'scan' operation in the query. |
| explain select distinct year from t1; |
| +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Explain String | |
| +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Estimated Per-Host Requirements: Memory=0B VCores=0 | |
| | | |
| | 01:AGGREGATE [FINALIZE] | |
| | | group by: year | |
| | | | |
| | 00:SCAN HDFS [key_cols.t1] | |
| | partitions=0/0 files=0 size=0B | |
| +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| </code></pre> |
| |
| <p class="p"> |
| The following examples show how the plan is made more efficient when the |
| <code class="ph codeph">OPTIMIZE_PARTITION_KEY_SCANS</code> option is enabled: |
| </p> |
| |
| <pre class="pre codeblock"><code> |
| set optimize_partition_key_scans=1; |
| OPTIMIZE_PARTITION_KEY_SCANS set to 1 |
| |
| -- The aggregation operation is turned into a UNION internally, |
| -- with constant values known in advance based on the metadata |
| -- for the partitioned table. |
| explain select distinct year from t1; |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Explain String | |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Estimated Per-Host Requirements: Memory=0B VCores=0 | |
| | | |
| | F00:PLAN FRAGMENT [UNPARTITIONED] | |
| | 01:AGGREGATE [FINALIZE] | |
| | | group by: year | |
| | | hosts=1 per-host-mem=unavailable | |
| | | tuple-ids=1 row-size=4B cardinality=3 | |
| | | | |
| | 00:UNION | |
| | constant-operands=3 | |
| | hosts=1 per-host-mem=unavailable | |
| | tuple-ids=0 row-size=4B cardinality=3 | |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| -- The same optimization applies to other aggregation queries |
| -- that only return values based on partition key columns: |
| -- MIN, MAX, COUNT(DISTINCT), and so on. |
| explain select min(year) from t1; |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Explain String | |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Estimated Per-Host Requirements: Memory=0B VCores=0 | |
| | | |
| | F00:PLAN FRAGMENT [UNPARTITIONED] | |
| | 01:AGGREGATE [FINALIZE] | |
| | | output: min(year) | |
| | | hosts=1 per-host-mem=unavailable | |
| | | tuple-ids=1 row-size=4B cardinality=1 | |
| | | | |
| | 00:UNION | |
| | constant-operands=3 | |
| | hosts=1 per-host-mem=unavailable | |
| | tuple-ids=0 row-size=4B cardinality=3 | |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| </code></pre> |
| |
| </div> |
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