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<article data-swiftype-index='true'>
<a class='edit-link' href="https://github.com/apache/ignite-3/tree/main/docs/_docs/sql-reference/operators-and-functions.adoc" target="_blank">Edit</a>
<h1>Supported Operators and Functions</h1>
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
For more information on functions supported by Apache Calcite, see the <a href="https://calcite.apache.org/docs/reference.html#operators-and-functions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">product documentation</a>.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="avg">AVG</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">AVG</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of numeric across all input values. When used, the type of data will be changed in the following way:</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
<col style="width: 33.3334%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Input type</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Result type</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Minimum scale</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DECIMAL</code>, <code>BIGINT</code>, <code>INTEGER</code>, <code>SMALLINT</code>, <code>TINYINT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DECIMAL</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">16</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DOUBLE</code>, <code>REAL</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DOUBLE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="count">COUNT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of input rows for which value is not null (wholly not null if value is composite).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="max">MAX</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">MAX</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the maximum value across all input values.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="min">MIN</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">MIN</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the minimum value across all input values.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="sum">SUM</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the sum of numeric across all input values.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="any_value">ANY_VALUE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">ANY_VALUE</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ALL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DISTINCT</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns one of the values of value across all input values; this is NOT specified in the SQL standard.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="every">EVERY</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">EVERY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns TRUE if all of the values of condition are TRUE.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="some">SOME</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SOME</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">condition</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns TRUE if one or more of the values of condition is TRUE.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="grouping">GROUPING</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">GROUPING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">column_reference</span> <span class="p">[,</span><span class="n">column_reference</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a bit vector of the given grouping expressions.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="json-functions">JSON Functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_type">JSON_TYPE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_TYPE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a string value indicating the type of jsonValue.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="format-json">FORMAT JSON</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Indicates that the value is formatted as JSON.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_value">JSON_VALUE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_VALUE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">RETURNING</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">ERROR</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DEFAULT</span> <span class="n">expr</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="n">EMPTY</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">ERROR</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DEFAULT</span> <span class="n">expr</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="n">ERROR</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Extract an SQL scalar from a jsonValue using JSON path expression path.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_query">JSON_QUERY</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_QUERY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">RETURNING</span> <span class="k">type</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">WITHOUT</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">ARRAY</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">WITH</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">CONDITIONAL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">UNCONDITIONAL</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">ARRAY</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">WRAPPER</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">ERROR</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">EMPTY</span> <span class="n">ARRAY</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">EMPTY</span> <span class="k">OBJECT</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="n">EMPTY</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">ERROR</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">EMPTY</span> <span class="n">ARRAY</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">EMPTY</span> <span class="k">OBJECT</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="n">ERROR</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Extract a JSON object or JSON array from jsonValue using the path JSON path expression.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_type-2">JSON_TYPE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_TYPE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a string value indicating the type of <code>jsonValue</code>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_exists">JSON_EXISTS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_EXISTS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">UNKNOWN</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">ERROR</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="n">ERROR</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Whether a jsonValue satisfies a search criterion described using JSON path expression path.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_depth">JSON_DEPTH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_DEPTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns an integer value indicating the depth of jsonValue.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_keys">JSON_KEYS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_KEYS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a string indicating the keys of a JSON jsonValue.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_pretty">JSON_PRETTY</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_PRETTY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a pretty-printing of jsonValue.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_length">JSON_LENGTH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a integer indicating the length of jsonValue.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_remove">JSON_REMOVE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_REMOVE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Removes data from jsonValue using a series of path expressions and returns the result.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_storage_size">JSON_STORAGE_SIZE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_STORAGE_SIZE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">jsonValue</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of bytes used to store the binary representation of jsonValue.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_object">JSON_OBJECT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_OBJECT</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">jsonKeyVal</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">jsonKeyVal</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">nullBehavior</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Construct JSON object using a series of key-value pairs.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="json_array">JSON_ARRAY</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">JSON_ARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">jsonVal</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">jsonVal</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">nullBehavior</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Construct a JSON array using a series of values.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="is-json-value">IS JSON VALUE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">jsonValue</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="n">JSON</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">VALUE</span> <span class="p">]</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Whether jsonValue is a JSON value.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="is-json-object">IS JSON OBJECT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">jsonValue</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="n">JSON</span> <span class="k">OBJECT</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Whether jsonValue is a JSON object.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="is-json-array">IS JSON ARRAY</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">jsonValue</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="n">JSON</span> <span class="n">ARRAY</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Whether jsonValue is a JSON array.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="is-json-scalar">IS JSON SCALAR</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">jsonValue</span> <span class="k">IS</span> <span class="n">JSON</span> <span class="n">SCALAR</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Whether jsonValue is a JSON scalar value.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="regular-expression-functions">Regular Expression Functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="posix-regex-case-insensitive">POSIX REGEX CASE INSENSITIVE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">value</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">POSIX</span> <span class="n">REGEX</span> <span class="k">CASE</span> <span class="k">INSENSITIVE</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="mi">2</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Case-sensitive POSIX regular expression.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="posix-regex-case-sensitive">POSIX REGEX CASE SENSITIVE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">value</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">POSIX</span> <span class="n">REGEX</span> <span class="k">CASE</span> <span class="k">SENSITIVE</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="mi">2</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Case-sensitive POSIX regular expression.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="regexp_replace">REGEXP_REPLACE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">REGEXP_REPLACE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">regexp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rep</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">pos</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">occurrence</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">matchType</span><span class="p">]]])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Replaces all substrings of string that match regexp with rep at the starting pos in expr (if omitted, the default is 1), occurrence specifies which occurrence of a match to search for (if omitted, the default is 1), matchType specifies how to perform matching</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">REGEXP_REPLACE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">regexp</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Replaces all substrings of value that match regexp with an empty string and returns modified value.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="numeric-functions">Numeric Functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="mod">MOD</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">MOD</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numeric1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">numeric2</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the remainder (modulus) of numeric1 divided by numeric2. The result is negative only if numeric1 is negative.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="exp">EXP</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">EXP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns e raised to the power of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="power">POWER</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">POWER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numeric1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">numeric2</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns numeric1 raised to the power of numeric2.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="ln">LN</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">LN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="log10">LOG10</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">LOG10</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the base 10 logarithm of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="abs">ABS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ABS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the absolute value of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="rand">RAND</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">RAND</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Generates a random double between 0 and 1 inclusive, optionally initializing the random number generator with seed.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="rand_integer">RAND_INTEGER</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">RAND_INTEGER</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Generates a random integer between 0 and numeric - 1 inclusive, optionally initializing the random number generator with seed.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="acos">ACOS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">ACOS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the arc cosine of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="asin">ASIN</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">ASIN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the arc sine of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="atan">ATAN</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">ATAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the arc tangent of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="atan2">ATAN2</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">ATAN2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the arc tangent of the numeric coordinates.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="sqrt">SQRT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">SQRT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the square root of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="cbrt">CBRT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">CBRT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the cube root of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="cos">COS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">COS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the cosine of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="cosh">COSH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">COSH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the hyperbolic cosine of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="cot">COT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">COT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the cotangent of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="degrees">DEGREES</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">DEGREES</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Converts numeric from radians to degrees.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="radians">RADIANS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">RADIANS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Converts numeric from degrees to radians.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="round">ROUND</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">ROUND</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numeric1</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">integer2</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Rounds numeric1 to optionally integer2 (if not specified 0) places right to the decimal point.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="sign">SIGN</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">SIGN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the signum of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="sin">SIN</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">SIN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the sine of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="sinh">SINH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">SINH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the hyperbolic sine of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="tan">TAN</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">TAN</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the tangent of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="tanh">TANH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">TANH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">numeric</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the hyperbolic tangent of numeric.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="truncate">TRUNCATE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">TRUNCATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">numeric1</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">integer2</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Truncates numeric1 to optionally integer2 (if not specified 0) places right to the decimal point.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="pi">PI</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">PI</span><span class="p">()</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a value that is closer than any other value to Pi.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="string-functions">String Functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="upper">UPPER</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">UPPER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a character string converted to upper case.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="lower">LOWER</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">LOWER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a character string converted to lower case.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="initcap">INITCAP</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">INITCAP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns string with the first letter of each word converter to upper case and the rest to lower case. Words are sequences of alphanumeric characters separated by non-alphanumeric characters.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="to_base64">TO_BASE64</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">TO_BASE64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Converts the string to base-64 encoded form and returns an encoded string</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="from_base64">FROM_BASE64</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">FROM_BASE64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the decoded result of a base-64 string as a string.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="md5">MD5</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">MD5</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Calculates an MD5 128-bit checksum of string and returns it as a hex string.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="sha1">SHA1</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">SHA1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Calculates a SHA-1 hash value of string and returns it as a hex string.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="substring">SUBSTRING</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SUBSTRING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a substring of a character string starting at a given point.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SUBSTRING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="nb">integer</span> <span class="k">FOR</span> <span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a substring of a character string starting at a given point with a given length.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SUBSTRING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">binary</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a substring of binary starting at a given point.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SUBSTRING</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">binary</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="nb">integer</span> <span class="k">FOR</span> <span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a substring of binary starting at a given point with a given length.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="left">LEFT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">LEFT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">length</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the leftmost length characters from the string.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="right">RIGHT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">RIGHT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">length</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the rightmost length characters from the string.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="replace">REPLACE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">REPLACE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">char</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">search_string</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">replace_string</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Replaces search_string with replace_string.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="translate">TRANSLATE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">TRANSLATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fromString</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">toString</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns expr with all occurrences of each character in fromString replaced by its corresponding character in toString. Characters in expr that are not in fromString are not replaced.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="chr">CHR</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">CHR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the character whose UTF-8 code is integer.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="char_length">CHAR_LENGTH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CHAR_LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of characters in a character string.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="character_length">CHARACTER_LENGTH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CHARACTER_LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of characters in a character string.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="">||</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="n">string</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Concatenates two character strings.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="concat">CONCAT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">CONCAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Concatenates two strings, returns null only when both string arguments are null, otherwise treats null as empty string.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">CONCAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">string</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Concatenates one or more strings, returns null if any of the arguments is null.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">CONCAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">string</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Concatenates one or more strings, null is treated as empty string.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="overlay">OVERLAY</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">OVERLAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string1</span> <span class="k">PLACING</span> <span class="n">string2</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="nb">integer</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">FOR</span> <span class="n">integer2</span> <span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Replaces a substring of string1 with string2.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">OVERLAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">binary1</span> <span class="k">PLACING</span> <span class="n">binary2</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="nb">integer</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">FOR</span> <span class="n">integer2</span> <span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Replaces a substring of binary1 with binary2.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="position">POSITION</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">POSITION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">substring</span> <span class="k">IN</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the position of the first occurrence of substring in string.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">POSITION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">substring</span> <span class="k">IN</span> <span class="n">string</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the position of the first occurrence of substring in string starting at a given point (not standard SQL).</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">POSITION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">binary1</span> <span class="k">IN</span> <span class="n">binary2</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the position of the first occurrence of binary1 in binary2.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">POSITION</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">binary1</span> <span class="k">IN</span> <span class="n">binary2</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the position of the first occurrence of binary1 in binary2 starting at a given point (not standard SQL).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="ascii">ASCII</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">ASCII</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the ASCII code of the first character of string; if the first character is a non-ASCII character, returns its Unicode code point; returns 0 if string is empty.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="repeat">REPEAT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">REPEAT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a string consisting of string repeated of integer times; returns an empty string if integer is less than 1.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="space">SPACE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SPACE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a string with an integer number of spaces; returns an empty string if integer is less than 1.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="strcmp">STRCMP</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">STRCMP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns 0 if both of the strings are same and returns -1 when the first argument is smaller than the second and 1 when the second one is smaller than the first one.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="soundex">SOUNDEX</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">SOUNDEX</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Returns the phonetic representation of string; throws if string is encoded with multi-byte encoding such as UTF-8; or</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Returns the phonetic representation of string; return original string if string is encoded with multi-byte encoding such as UTF-8</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="difference">DIFFERENCE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">DIFFERENCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a measure of the similarity of two strings, namely the number of character positions that their SOUNDEX values have in common: 4 if the SOUNDEX values are same and 0 if the SOUNDEX values are totally different.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="reverse">REVERSE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">REVERSE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns string with the order of the characters reversed.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="trim">TRIM</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">TRIM</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">BOTH</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">LEADING</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">TRAILING</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">string1</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">string2</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Removes the longest string containing only the characters in string1 from the start/end/both ends of string1.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="ltrim">LTRIM</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">LTRIM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns string with all blanks removed from the start.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="rtrim">RTRIM</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">RTRIM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns string with all blanks removed from the end.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="substr">SUBSTR</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">SUBSTR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">position</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">substringLength</span> <span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a portion of string, beginning at character position, substringLength characters long. SUBSTR calculates lengths using characters as defined by the input character set.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="length">LENGTH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to CHAR_LENGTH(string).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="octet_length">OCTET_LENGTH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">OCTET_LENGTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">binary</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of bytes in binary.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="like">LIKE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">string1</span> <span class="k">LIKE</span> <span class="n">string2</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ESCAPE</span> <span class="n">string3</span> <span class="p">]</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Whether string1 matches pattern string2.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="similar-to">SIMILAR TO</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">string1</span> <span class="k">SIMILAR</span> <span class="k">TO</span> <span class="n">string2</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ESCAPE</span> <span class="n">string3</span> <span class="p">]</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Whether string1 matches regular expression string2.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="datetime-functions">Date/Time Functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="extract">EXTRACT</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timeUnit</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="nb">datetime</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Extracts and returns the value of a specified datetime field from a datetime value expression.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="floor">FLOOR</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">FLOOR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">datetime</span> <span class="k">TO</span> <span class="n">timeUnit</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Rounds datetime down to timeUnit.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="ceil">CEIL</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">CEIL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">datetime</span> <span class="k">TO</span> <span class="n">timeUnit</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Rounds datetime up to timeUnit.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="timestampdiff">TIMESTAMPDIFF</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">TIMESTAMPDIFF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timeUnit</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">datetime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">datetime2</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the (signed) number of timeUnit intervals between datetime and datetime2. Equivalent to (datetime2 - datetime) timeUnit.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="last_day">LAST_DAY</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">LAST_DAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the date of the last day of the month in a value of datatype DATE; For example, it returns DATE’2020-02-29’ for both DATE’2020-02-10’ and TIMESTAMP’2020-02-10 10:10:10’.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="dayname">DAYNAME</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">DAYNAME</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">datetime</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the name of the day of the week based on the datetime value.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="monthname">MONTHNAME</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">MONTHNAME</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the name, in the connection’s locale, of the month in datetime; for example, it returns ‘二月’ for both DATE ‘2020-02-10’ and TIMESTAMP ‘2020-02-10 10:10:10’.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="dayofmonth">DAYOFMONTH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">DAYOFMONTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to EXTRACT(DAY FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 31.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="dayofweek">DAYOFWEEK</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">DAYOFWEEK</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to EXTRACT(DOW FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 7.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="dayofyear">DAYOFYEAR</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">DAYOFYEAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to EXTRACT(DOY FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 366.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="year">YEAR</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="nb">YEAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to EXTRACT(YEAR FROM date). Returns an integer.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="quarter">QUARTER</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">QUARTER</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to EXTRACT(QUARTER FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 4.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="month">MONTH</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">MONTH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to EXTRACT(MONTH FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 12.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="week">WEEK</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">WEEK</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to EXTRACT(WEEK FROM date). Returns an integer between 1 and 53.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="hour">HOUR</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to EXTRACT(HOUR FROM date). Returns an integer between 0 and 23.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="minute">MINUTE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">MINUTE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM date). Returns an integer between 0 and 59.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="second">SECOND</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SECOND</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to EXTRACT(SECOND FROM date). Returns an integer between 0 and 59.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="timestamp_seconds">TIMESTAMP_SECONDS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">TIMESTAMP_SECONDS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the TIMESTAMP that is integer seconds after 1970-01-01 00:00:00.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="timestamp_millis">TIMESTAMP_MILLIS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">TIMESTAMP_MILLIS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the TIMESTAMP that is integer milliseconds after 1970-01-01 00:00:00.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="timestamp_micros">TIMESTAMP_MICROS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">TIMESTAMP_MICROS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the TIMESTAMP that is integer microseconds after 1970-01-01 00:00:00.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="unix_seconds">UNIX_SECONDS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">UNIX_SECONDS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">timestamp</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="unix_millis">UNIX_MILLIS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">UNIX_MILLIS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">timestamp</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="unix_micros">UNIX_MICROS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">UNIX_MICROS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">timestamp</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of microseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="unix_date">UNIX_DATE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">UNIX_DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the number of days since 1970-01-01</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="date_from_unix_date">DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">integer</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the DATE that is integer days after 1970-01-01.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="date">DATE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">timestamp</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Extracts the DATE from a timestamp.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timestampLtz</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Extracts the DATE from timestampLtz (an instant; BigQuery’s TIMESTAMP type), assuming UTC.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timestampLtz</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timeZone</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Extracts the DATE from timestampLtz (an instant; BigQuery’s TIMESTAMP type) in timeZone.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Equivalent to CAST(string AS DATE).</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="nb">DATE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">year</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">month</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">day</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a DATE value for year, month, and day (all of type INTEGER).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="current_timestamp">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the current date and time in the session time zone, in a value of datatype TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="current_date">CURRENT_DATE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CURRENT_DATE</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the current date in the session time zone, in a value of datatype DATE.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="localtime">LOCALTIME</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">LOCALTIME</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the current date and time in the session time zone in a value of datatype TIME.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">LOCALTIME</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">precision</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the current date and time in the session time zone in a value of datatype TIME, with precision digits of precision.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="localtimestamp">LOCALTIMESTAMP</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">LOCALTIMESTAMP</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the current date and time in the session time zone in a value of datatype TIMESTAMP.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">LOCALTIMESTAMP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">precision</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the current date and time in the session time zone in a value of datatype TIMESTAMP, with precision digits of precision.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="other-functions">Other Functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="cast">CAST</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CAST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="k">type</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Converts a value to a given type. Casts between integer types truncate towards 0.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="coalesce">COALESCE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">COALESCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Provides a value if the first value is null. For example, COALESCE(NULL, 5) returns 5.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="greatest">GREATEST</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">GREATEST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expr</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">expr</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the greatest of the expressions.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="nullif">NULLIF</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">NULLIF</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns NULL if the values are the same. For example, NULLIF(5, 5) returns NULL; NULLIF(5, 0) returns 5.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="nvl">NVL</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">NVL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value2</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns value1 if value1 is not null, otherwise value2.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="case">CASE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CASE</span> <span class="n">value</span>
<span class="k">WHEN</span> <span class="n">value1</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">value11</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">THEN</span> <span class="n">result1</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">WHEN</span> <span class="n">valueN</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">valueN1</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">THEN</span> <span class="n">resultN</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ELSE</span> <span class="n">resultZ</span> <span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">END</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Simple case.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CASE</span>
<span class="k">WHEN</span> <span class="n">condition1</span> <span class="k">THEN</span> <span class="n">result1</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">WHEN</span> <span class="n">conditionN</span> <span class="k">THEN</span> <span class="n">resultN</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ELSE</span> <span class="n">resultZ</span> <span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">END</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Searched case.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="decode">DECODE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">DECODE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">result1</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">valueN</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">resultN</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="k">default</span> <span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Compares value to each valueN value one by one; if value is equal to a valueN, returns the corresponding resultN, else returns default, or NULL if default is not specified.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="least">LEAST</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">LEAST</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">expr</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">expr</span> <span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the least of the expressions.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="compress">COMPRESS</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">COMPRESS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Compresses a string using zlib compression and returns the result as a binary string.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="typeof">TYPEOF</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">TYPEOF</span> <span class="n">value</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the type of the specified value.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="rand_uuid">RAND_UUID</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">RAND_UUID</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Generates a random UUID.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="system_range">SYSTEM_RANGE</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="n">SYSTEM_RANGE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">start</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">end</span><span class="p">[,</span> <span class="k">increment</span><span class="p">])</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns a range from the table, with an optional increment.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="security-functions">Security Functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="current_user">CURRENT_USER</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CURRENT_USER</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Returns the name of the current database user. When security is disabled, returns the system user name instead.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="copyright">
© 2025 The Apache Software Foundation.<br/>
Apache, Apache Ignite, the Apache feather and the Apache Ignite logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
</div>
</article>
<nav class="right-nav" data-swiftype-index='false'>
<div class="toc-wrapper">
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#avg">AVG</a></li>
<li><a href="#count">COUNT</a></li>
<li><a href="#max">MAX</a></li>
<li><a href="#min">MIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#sum">SUM</a></li>
<li><a href="#any_value">ANY_VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#every">EVERY</a></li>
<li><a href="#some">SOME</a></li>
<li><a href="#grouping">GROUPING</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#json-functions">JSON Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#json_type">JSON_TYPE</a></li>
<li><a href="#format-json">FORMAT JSON</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_value">JSON_VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_query">JSON_QUERY</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_type-2">JSON_TYPE</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_exists">JSON_EXISTS</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_depth">JSON_DEPTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_keys">JSON_KEYS</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_pretty">JSON_PRETTY</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_length">JSON_LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_remove">JSON_REMOVE</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_storage_size">JSON_STORAGE_SIZE</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_object">JSON_OBJECT</a></li>
<li><a href="#json_array">JSON_ARRAY</a></li>
<li><a href="#is-json-value">IS JSON VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#is-json-object">IS JSON OBJECT</a></li>
<li><a href="#is-json-array">IS JSON ARRAY</a></li>
<li><a href="#is-json-scalar">IS JSON SCALAR</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#regular-expression-functions">Regular Expression Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#posix-regex-case-insensitive">POSIX REGEX CASE INSENSITIVE</a></li>
<li><a href="#posix-regex-case-sensitive">POSIX REGEX CASE SENSITIVE</a></li>
<li><a href="#regexp_replace">REGEXP_REPLACE</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#numeric-functions">Numeric Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#mod">MOD</a></li>
<li><a href="#exp">EXP</a></li>
<li><a href="#power">POWER</a></li>
<li><a href="#ln">LN</a></li>
<li><a href="#log10">LOG10</a></li>
<li><a href="#abs">ABS</a></li>
<li><a href="#rand">RAND</a></li>
<li><a href="#rand_integer">RAND_INTEGER</a></li>
<li><a href="#acos">ACOS</a></li>
<li><a href="#asin">ASIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#atan">ATAN</a></li>
<li><a href="#atan2">ATAN2</a></li>
<li><a href="#sqrt">SQRT</a></li>
<li><a href="#cbrt">CBRT</a></li>
<li><a href="#cos">COS</a></li>
<li><a href="#cosh">COSH</a></li>
<li><a href="#cot">COT</a></li>
<li><a href="#degrees">DEGREES</a></li>
<li><a href="#radians">RADIANS</a></li>
<li><a href="#round">ROUND</a></li>
<li><a href="#sign">SIGN</a></li>
<li><a href="#sin">SIN</a></li>
<li><a href="#sinh">SINH</a></li>
<li><a href="#tan">TAN</a></li>
<li><a href="#tanh">TANH</a></li>
<li><a href="#truncate">TRUNCATE</a></li>
<li><a href="#pi">PI</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#string-functions">String Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#upper">UPPER</a></li>
<li><a href="#lower">LOWER</a></li>
<li><a href="#initcap">INITCAP</a></li>
<li><a href="#to_base64">TO_BASE64</a></li>
<li><a href="#from_base64">FROM_BASE64</a></li>
<li><a href="#md5">MD5</a></li>
<li><a href="#sha1">SHA1</a></li>
<li><a href="#substring">SUBSTRING</a></li>
<li><a href="#left">LEFT</a></li>
<li><a href="#right">RIGHT</a></li>
<li><a href="#replace">REPLACE</a></li>
<li><a href="#translate">TRANSLATE</a></li>
<li><a href="#chr">CHR</a></li>
<li><a href="#char_length">CHAR_LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#character_length">CHARACTER_LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#">||</a></li>
<li><a href="#concat">CONCAT</a></li>
<li><a href="#overlay">OVERLAY</a></li>
<li><a href="#position">POSITION</a></li>
<li><a href="#ascii">ASCII</a></li>
<li><a href="#repeat">REPEAT</a></li>
<li><a href="#space">SPACE</a></li>
<li><a href="#strcmp">STRCMP</a></li>
<li><a href="#soundex">SOUNDEX</a></li>
<li><a href="#difference">DIFFERENCE</a></li>
<li><a href="#reverse">REVERSE</a></li>
<li><a href="#trim">TRIM</a></li>
<li><a href="#ltrim">LTRIM</a></li>
<li><a href="#rtrim">RTRIM</a></li>
<li><a href="#substr">SUBSTR</a></li>
<li><a href="#length">LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#octet_length">OCTET_LENGTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#like">LIKE</a></li>
<li><a href="#similar-to">SIMILAR TO</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#datetime-functions">Date/Time Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#extract">EXTRACT</a></li>
<li><a href="#floor">FLOOR</a></li>
<li><a href="#ceil">CEIL</a></li>
<li><a href="#timestampdiff">TIMESTAMPDIFF</a></li>
<li><a href="#last_day">LAST_DAY</a></li>
<li><a href="#dayname">DAYNAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#monthname">MONTHNAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#dayofmonth">DAYOFMONTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#dayofweek">DAYOFWEEK</a></li>
<li><a href="#dayofyear">DAYOFYEAR</a></li>
<li><a href="#year">YEAR</a></li>
<li><a href="#quarter">QUARTER</a></li>
<li><a href="#month">MONTH</a></li>
<li><a href="#week">WEEK</a></li>
<li><a href="#hour">HOUR</a></li>
<li><a href="#minute">MINUTE</a></li>
<li><a href="#second">SECOND</a></li>
<li><a href="#timestamp_seconds">TIMESTAMP_SECONDS</a></li>
<li><a href="#timestamp_millis">TIMESTAMP_MILLIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#timestamp_micros">TIMESTAMP_MICROS</a></li>
<li><a href="#unix_seconds">UNIX_SECONDS</a></li>
<li><a href="#unix_millis">UNIX_MILLIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#unix_micros">UNIX_MICROS</a></li>
<li><a href="#unix_date">UNIX_DATE</a></li>
<li><a href="#date_from_unix_date">DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE</a></li>
<li><a href="#date">DATE</a></li>
<li><a href="#current_timestamp">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</a></li>
<li><a href="#current_date">CURRENT_DATE</a></li>
<li><a href="#localtime">LOCALTIME</a></li>
<li><a href="#localtimestamp">LOCALTIMESTAMP</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#other-functions">Other Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#cast">CAST</a></li>
<li><a href="#coalesce">COALESCE</a></li>
<li><a href="#greatest">GREATEST</a></li>
<li><a href="#nullif">NULLIF</a></li>
<li><a href="#nvl">NVL</a></li>
<li><a href="#case">CASE</a></li>
<li><a href="#decode">DECODE</a></li>
<li><a href="#least">LEAST</a></li>
<li><a href="#compress">COMPRESS</a></li>
<li><a href="#typeof">TYPEOF</a></li>
<li><a href="#rand_uuid">RAND_UUID</a></li>
<li><a href="#system_range">SYSTEM_RANGE</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#security-functions">Security Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#current_user">CURRENT_USER</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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