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<article data-swiftype-index='true'>
<a class='edit-link' href="https://github.com/apache/ignite/tree/IGNITE-7595/docs/_docs/sql-reference/ddl.adoc" target="_blank">Edit</a>
<h1>Data Definition Language (DDL)</h1>
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This section walks you through all data definition language (DDL) commands supported by Apache Ignite 3.0 Alpha.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="create-table">CREATE TABLE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Creates a new table.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">simpleName</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">schemaName</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">simpleName</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tableColumn</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">tableColumn</span><span class="p">]...)</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">COLOCATE</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tableColumn</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">tableColumn</span><span class="p">]...)]</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">ENGINE</span> <span class="n">engineName</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="k">WITH</span> <span class="n">paramName</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">paramValue</span> <span class="p">[,</span><span class="n">paramName</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">paramValue</span><span class="p">]...]</span>
<span class="n">tableColumn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">columnName</span> <span class="n">columnType</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="k">NOT</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">DEFAULT</span> <span class="n">defaultValue</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">PRIMARY</span> <span class="k">KEY</span><span class="p">]</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>tableName</code> - name of the table.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>tableColumn</code> - name and type of a column to be created in the new table.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DEFAULT</code> - specifies a default value for the column. Only constant values are accepted.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>IF NOT EXISTS</code> - create the table only if a table with the same name does not exist.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>ENGINE</code> - selects the storage engine to use. Currently <code>pagememory</code> and <code>rocksdb</code> are available.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>COLOCATED BY</code> - colocation key. The key can be composite. Primary key must include colocation key. Was <code>affinity_key</code> in Ignite 2.x.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>WITH</code> - accepts additional parameters not defined by ANSI-99 SQL:</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>Replicas</code> - sets the number of partition copies, including the master copy.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>Partitions</code> - sets the number of table partitions.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>dataRegion</code> - sets the data region to work with.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p>Examples:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Create Person table:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="n">Person</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="k">primary</span> <span class="k">key</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">city_id</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">company</span> <span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="alter-table">ALTER TABLE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Modifies the structure of an existing table.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
<h3 id="scope-of-alter-table" class="discrete">Scope of ALTER TABLE</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Presently, Apache Ignite only supports addition and removal of columns.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS table LOGGING</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">tableName</span> <span class="err">{</span><span class="n">LOGGING</span><span class="err">}</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>IF EXISTS</code> - if applied to <code>TABLE</code>, do not throw an error if a table with the specified table name does not exist. If applied to <code>COLUMN</code>, do not throw an error if a column with the specified name does not exist.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>qualified_table_name</code> - the name of the table.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>LOGGING</code> - enables write-ahead logging for the table. The command is relevant only if Ignite <a href="https://ignite.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-alpha/persistence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">persistence</a> is used.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS table NOLOGGING</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">tableName</span> <span class="err">{</span><span class="n">NOLOGGING</span><span class="err">}</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>IF EXISTS</code> - if applied to <code>TABLE</code>, do not throw an error if a table with the specified table name does not exist. If applied to <code>COLUMN</code>, do not throw an error if a column with the specified name does not exist.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>qualified_table_name</code> - the name of the table.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>NOLOGGING</code> - disables write-ahead logging for the table. The command is relevant only if Ignite <a href="https://ignite.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-alpha/persistence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">persistence</a> is used.</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS table ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS (column1 int, column2 int)</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">tableName</span> <span class="err">{</span><span class="k">ADD</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tableColumn</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">column1</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column2</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="err">}</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>IF EXISTS</code> - if applied to <code>TABLE</code>, do not throw an error if a table with the specified table name does not exist. If applied to <code>COLUMN</code>, do not throw an error if a column with the specified name does not exist.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>qualified_table_name</code> - the name of the table.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>ADD</code> - adds a new column or several columns to a previously created table. Once a column is added, it can be accessed using <a href="/docs/3.0.0-alpha/sql-reference/dml" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DML commands</a> and indexed with the CREATE INDEX statement (currently not supported).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>COLUMN</code> - name of the defined column.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>IF NOT EXISTS</code> - do not throw an error if a column with the same name already exists.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>column_definition_or_list</code> - the name of the column or the list of columns to be added.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<li>
<p><strong>ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS table ADD COLUMN IF EXISTS (column1, column2 int)</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">tableName</span> <span class="k">DROP</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">COLUMN</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="err">{</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">columnName</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">column1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column2</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="err">}</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>IF EXISTS</code> - if applied to <code>TABLE</code>, do not throw an error if a table with the specified table name does not exist. If applied to <code>COLUMN</code>, do not throw an error if a column with the specified name does not exist.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>qualified_table_name</code> - the name of the table.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>DROP</code> - removes an existing column or multiple columns from a table. Once a column is removed, it cannot be accessed within queries. Consider the following notes and limitations:</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>COLUMN</code> - name of the defined column.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>column_list</code> - the name of the list of columns to be removed.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The command does not remove actual data from the cluster which means that if the column 'name' is dropped, the value of the 'name' is still stored in the cluster. This limitation is to be addressed in the next releases.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If the column was indexed, the index has to be dropped manually using the 'DROP INDEX' command.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>It is not possible to remove a column that is a primary key or a part of such a key.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>It is not possible to remove a column if it represents the whole value stored in the cluster. The limitation is relevant for primitive values.
Ignite stores data in the form of key-value pairs and all the new columns will belong to the value. It&#8217;s not possible to change a set of columns of the key (<code>PRIMARY KEY</code>).</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Both DDL and DML commands targeting the same table are blocked for a short time until <code>ALTER TABLE</code> is in progress.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Schema changes applied by this command are persisted on disk if <a href="https://ignite.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-alpha/persistence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">persistence</a> is enabled. Thus, the changes can survive full cluster restarts.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Examples:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Add a column to the table:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">Person</span> <span class="k">ADD</span> <span class="k">COLUMN</span> <span class="n">city</span> <span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Add a new column to the table only if a column with the same name does not exist:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">City</span> <span class="k">ADD</span> <span class="k">COLUMN</span> <span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="n">population</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Add a column​ only if the table exists:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="n">Missing</span> <span class="k">ADD</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">long</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Add several columns to the table at once:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">Region</span> <span class="k">ADD</span> <span class="k">COLUMN</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">code</span> <span class="nb">varchar</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gdp</span> <span class="nb">double</span><span class="p">);</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Drop a column from the table:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">Person</span> <span class="k">DROP</span> <span class="k">COLUMN</span> <span class="n">city</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Drop a column from the table only if a column with the same name does exist:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">Person</span> <span class="k">DROP</span> <span class="k">COLUMN</span> <span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="n">population</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Drop a column only if the table exists:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="n">Person</span> <span class="k">DROP</span> <span class="k">COLUMN</span> <span class="n">number</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Drop several columns from the table at once:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">Person</span> <span class="k">DROP</span> <span class="k">COLUMN</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gdp</span><span class="p">);</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Disable write-ahead logging:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">ALTER</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">Person</span> <span class="n">NOLOGGING</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="drop-table">DROP TABLE</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>DROP TABLE</code> command drops an existing table.
The underlying cache with all the data in it is destroyed, too.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">DROP</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">tableName</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Parameters:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>tableName</code> - the name of the table.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>IF NOT EXISTS</code> - do not throw an error if a table with the same name does not exist.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Schema changes applied by this command are persisted on disk if <a href="https://ignite.apache.org/docs/3.0.0-alpha/persistence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">persistence</a> is enabled. Thus, the changes can survive full cluster restarts.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Examples:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Drop Person table if the one exists:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="sql"><span class="k">DROP</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="nv">"Person"</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 id="grammar-reference" class="sect0">Grammar Reference</h1>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="column_definition_or_list">column_definition_or_list</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="content">
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<div class="paragraph">
<p>Referenced by:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="/docs/3.0.0-alpha/sql-reference/ddl#alter-table">ALTER TABLE</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="column_definition">column_definition</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="content">
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<li>
<p><a href="/docs/3.0.0-alpha/sql-reference/ddl#alter-table">ALTER TABLE</a></p>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p>Referenced by:</p>
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<div class="ulist">
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<li>
<p><a href="/docs/3.0.0-alpha/sql-reference/ddl#сreate-table">CREATE TABLE</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="/docs/3.0.0-alpha/sql-reference/ddl#alter-table">ALTER TABLE</a></p>
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<li>
<p><a href="/docs/3.0.0-alpha/sql-reference/ddl#drop-table">DROP TABLE</a></p>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
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<li><a href="#create-table">CREATE TABLE</a></li>
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<li><a href="#drop-table">DROP TABLE</a></li>
<li><a href="#grammar-reference">Grammar Reference</a>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#column_definition_or_list">column_definition_or_list</a></li>
<li><a href="#column_definition">column_definition</a></li>
<li><a href="#column_list">column_list</a></li>
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