| <!doctype html> |
| <html class="docs-version-current docs-custom-styles" lang="en" dir="ltr"> |
| <head> |
| <meta charset="UTF-8"> |
| <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> |
| <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v2.0.0-beta.14"> |
| <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/blog/rss.xml" title="Apache Hudi: User-Facing Analytics RSS Feed"> |
| <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache Hudi: User-Facing Analytics Atom Feed"> |
| <link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="/blog/feed.json" title="Apache Hudi: User-Facing Analytics JSON Feed"> |
| <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Apache Hudi" href="/opensearch.xml"> |
| <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/videos/rss.xml" title="Apache Hudi RSS Feed"> |
| <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/videos/atom.xml" title="Apache Hudi Atom Feed"> |
| <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Comfortaa|Ubuntu|Roboto|Source+Code+Pro"> |
| <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://at-ui.github.io/feather-font/css/iconfont.css"><title data-react-helmet="true">Write Operations | Apache Hudi</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:url" content="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/next/write_operations"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="keywords" content="apache hudi, data lake, lakehouse, big data, apache spark, apache flink, presto, trino, analytics, data engineering"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Write Operations | Apache Hudi"><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="It may be helpful to understand the different write operations of Hudi and how best to leverage them. These operations"><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="It may be helpful to understand the different write operations of Hudi and how best to leverage them. These operations"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" href="/assets/images/favicon.ico"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="canonical" href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/next/write_operations"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/next/write_operations" hreflang="en"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" href="https://hudi.apache.org/cn/docs/next/write_operations" hreflang="cn"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/next/write_operations" hreflang="x-default"><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://BH4D9OD16A-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/styles.ea681a30.css"> |
| <link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/runtime~main.2cab5691.js" as="script"> |
| <link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/main.bd020950.js" as="script"> |
| </head> |
| <body> |
| <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=function(){var t=null;try{t=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}return t}();t(null!==e?e:"light")}(),document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-announcement-bar-initially-dismissed",function(){try{return"true"===localStorage.getItem("docusaurus.announcement.dismiss")}catch(t){}return!1}())</script><div id="__docusaurus"> |
| <div><a href="#" class="skipToContent_OuoZ">Skip to main content</a></div><div class="announcementBar_axC9" role="banner"><div class="announcementBarPlaceholder_xYHE"></div><div class="announcementBarContent_6uhP">⭐️ If you like Apache Hudi, give it a star on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://github.com/apache/hudi">GitHub</a>! ⭐</div><button type="button" class="clean-btn close announcementBarClose_A3A1" aria-label="Close"><svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" width="14" height="14"><g stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="3.1"><path d="M.75.75l13.5 13.5M14.25.75L.75 14.25"></path></g></svg></button></div><nav class="navbar navbar--fixed-top navbarWrapper_UIa0"><div class="navbar__inner"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" src="https://static.scarf.sh/a.png?x-pxid=8f594acf-9b77-44fb-9475-3e82ead1910c" width="0" height="0" alt=""><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" src="https://analytics.apache.org/matomo.php?idsite=47&rec=1" width="0" height="0" alt=""><div class="navbar__items"><button aria-label="Navigation bar toggle" class="navbar__toggle clean-btn" type="button" tabindex="0"><svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></button><a class="navbar__brand" href="/"><div class="navbar__logo navbarLogo_Bz6n"><img src="/assets/images/hudi.png" alt="Apache Hudi" class="themedImage_TMUO themedImage--light_4Vu1"><img src="/assets/images/hudi.png" alt="Apache Hudi" class="themedImage_TMUO themedImage--dark_uzRr"></div></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/overview"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Docs</div></a><div class="navbar__item dropdown dropdown--hoverable"><a href="#" class="navbar__link downloadLinkDropdownHide_aDP3"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Learn<svg width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.5 1.25 5 4.75l-3.5-3.5" stroke="#1C1E21" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></div></a><ul class="dropdown__menu"><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/talks"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Talks</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/videos"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Video Guides</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/faq"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">FAQ</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/tech-specs"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Tech Specs</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/tech-specs-1point0"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Tech Specs 1.0</div></a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/HUDI" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="dropdown__link"><span class="externalLink_AE3f">Technical Wiki<svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 26 26" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16.965 8.745 9.01 16.7M10.561 8.758l6.403-.013-.013 6.403" stroke="#0DB1F9" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><rect x="4.5" y="4.5" width="17" height="17" rx="2.5" stroke="#0DB1F9"></rect></svg></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar__item dropdown dropdown--hoverable"><a href="#" class="navbar__link downloadLinkDropdownHide_aDP3"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Contribute<svg width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.5 1.25 5 4.75l-3.5-3.5" stroke="#1C1E21" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></div></a><ul class="dropdown__menu"><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/contribute/how-to-contribute"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">How to Contribute</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/contribute/developer-setup"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Developer Setup</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/contribute/rfc-process"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">RFC Process</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/contribute/report-security-issues"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Report Security Issues</div></a></li><li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/HUDI/summary" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="dropdown__link"><span class="externalLink_AE3f">Report Issues<svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 26 26" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16.965 8.745 9.01 16.7M10.561 8.758l6.403-.013-.013 6.403" stroke="#0DB1F9" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><rect x="4.5" y="4.5" width="17" height="17" rx="2.5" stroke="#0DB1F9"></rect></svg></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar__item dropdown dropdown--hoverable"><a href="#" class="navbar__link downloadLinkDropdownHide_aDP3"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Community<svg width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.5 1.25 5 4.75l-3.5-3.5" stroke="#1C1E21" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></div></a><ul class="dropdown__menu"><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/community/get-involved"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Get Involved</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/community/syncs"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Community Syncs</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/community/office_hours"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Office Hours</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/community/team"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Team</div></a></li></ul></div><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/blog"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Blog</div></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/powered-by"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Who's Using</div></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/roadmap"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Roadmap</div></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/releases/download"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Download</div></a></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><div class="navbar__item dropdown dropdown--hoverable dropdown--right"><a class="navbar__link downloadLinkDropdownHide_aDP3" href="/docs/next/overview"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Current<svg width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.5 1.25 5 4.75l-3.5-3.5" stroke="#1C1E21" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></div></a><ul class="dropdown__menu"><li><a aria-current="page" class="dropdown__link dropdown__link--active" href="/docs/next/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Current</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.14.1</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.14.0/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.14.0</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.13.1/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.13.1</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.13.0/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.13.0</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.12.3/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.12.3</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.12.2/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.12.2</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.12.1/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.12.1</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.12.0/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.12.0</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.11.1/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.11.1</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.11.0/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.11.0</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.10.1/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.10.1</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.10.0/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.10.0</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.9.0/overview"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.9.0</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.8.0/overview"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.8.0</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.7.0/overview"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.7.0</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.6.0/quick-start-guide"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.6.0</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.5.3/quick-start-guide"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.5.3</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.5.2/quick-start-guide"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.5.2</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.5.1/quick-start-guide"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.5.1</div></a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/0.5.0/quick-start-guide"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.5.0</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar__item dropdown dropdown--hoverable dropdown--right"><a href="#" class="navbar__link downloadLinkDropdownHide_aDP3"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"><span><svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="iconLanguage_zID8"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.753 10.909c-.624-1.707-2.366-2.726-4.661-2.726-.09 0-.176.002-.262.006l-.016-2.063 3.525-.607c.115-.019.133-.119.109-.231-.023-.111-.167-.883-.188-.976-.027-.131-.102-.127-.207-.109-.104.018-3.25.461-3.25.461l-.013-2.078c-.001-.125-.069-.158-.194-.156l-1.025.016c-.105.002-.164.049-.162.148l.033 2.307s-3.061.527-3.144.543c-.084.014-.17.053-.151.143.019.09.19 1.094.208 1.172.018.08.072.129.188.107l2.924-.504.035 2.018c-1.077.281-1.801.824-2.256 1.303-.768.807-1.207 1.887-1.207 2.963 0 1.586.971 2.529 2.328 2.695 3.162.387 5.119-3.06 5.769-4.715 1.097 1.506.256 4.354-2.094 5.98-.043.029-.098.129-.033.207l.619.756c.08.096.206.059.256.023 2.51-1.73 3.661-4.515 2.869-6.683zm-7.386 3.188c-.966-.121-.944-.914-.944-1.453 0-.773.327-1.58.876-2.156a3.21 3.21 0 011.229-.799l.082 4.277a2.773 2.773 0 01-1.243.131zm2.427-.553l.046-4.109c.084-.004.166-.01.252-.01.773 0 1.494.145 1.885.361.391.217-1.023 2.713-2.183 3.758zm-8.95-7.668a.196.196 0 00-.196-.145h-1.95a.194.194 0 00-.194.144L.008 16.916c-.017.051-.011.076.062.076h1.733c.075 0 .099-.023.114-.072l1.008-3.318h3.496l1.008 3.318c.016.049.039.072.113.072h1.734c.072 0 .078-.025.062-.076-.014-.05-3.083-9.741-3.494-11.04zm-2.618 6.318l1.447-5.25 1.447 5.25H3.226z"></path></svg><span>English</span></span><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g clip-path="url(#a)"><path d="M14 6.457a6.842 6.842 0 0 0-7-6.02 6.843 6.843 0 0 0-7 6.02v1.085a6.843 6.843 0 0 0 7 6.02 6.843 6.843 0 0 0 7-6.02V6.457Zm-1.094 0h-2.625a9.92 9.92 0 0 0-.376-2.222 6.65 6.65 0 0 0 1.531-.875 5.25 5.25 0 0 1 1.444 3.097h.026Zm-8.032 0a8.479 8.479 0 0 1 .324-1.872 7.376 7.376 0 0 0 3.63 0c.175.61.284 1.239.325 1.872h-4.28Zm4.305 1.085a8.391 8.391 0 0 1-.324 1.873 7.464 7.464 0 0 0-3.658 0 8.479 8.479 0 0 1-.323-1.873h4.305Zm.35-4.375A10.342 10.342 0 0 0 8.75 1.75c.627.194 1.218.49 1.75.875a5.748 5.748 0 0 1-.998.577l.027-.035ZM7.254 1.54A8.75 8.75 0 0 1 8.46 3.552c-.48.11-.97.165-1.461.167-.492-.001-.982-.057-1.461-.167.308-.722.715-1.4 1.207-2.012h.508ZM4.498 3.202a5.748 5.748 0 0 1-.998-.577 6.029 6.029 0 0 1 1.75-.875c-.294.46-.546.947-.753 1.452Zm-1.873.15c.47.358.984.652 1.531.874A9.625 9.625 0 0 0 3.78 6.45H1.155a5.25 5.25 0 0 1 1.47-3.098ZM1.12 7.541h2.625c.038.753.164 1.5.376 2.223a6.649 6.649 0 0 0-1.531.875 5.25 5.25 0 0 1-1.47-3.098Zm3.377 3.255c.207.506.459.992.753 1.453a6.03 6.03 0 0 1-1.75-.875c.312-.226.646-.419.997-.578Zm2.25 1.663a8.594 8.594 0 0 1-1.208-2.013 6.501 6.501 0 0 1 2.922 0 8.54 8.54 0 0 1-1.207 2.013h-.508Zm2.755-1.663c.367.156.716.35 1.042.578a6.338 6.338 0 0 1-1.75.875c.275-.464.512-.95.708-1.453Zm1.873-.148a6.647 6.647 0 0 0-1.531-.875 9.45 9.45 0 0 0 .376-2.223h2.625a5.25 5.25 0 0 1-1.47 3.098Z" fill="#1C1E21"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="a"><path fill="#fff" d="M0 0h14v14H0z"></path></clipPath></defs></svg></div></a><ul class="dropdown__menu"><li><a href="/docs/next/write_operations" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="dropdown__link dropdown__link--active"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">English</div></a></li><li><a href="/cn/docs/next/write_operations" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="dropdown__link"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Chinese</div></a></li></ul></div><a href="https://github.com/apache/hudi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link header-github-link" aria-label="GitHub repository"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"></div></a><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheHudi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link header-twitter-link" aria-label="Hudi Twitter Handle"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"></div></a><a href="https://join.slack.com/t/apache-hudi/shared_invite/zt-2ggm1fub8-_yt4Reu9djwqqVRFC7X49g" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link header-slack-link" aria-label="Hudi Slack Channel"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"></div></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs7AhE0BWaEPZSChrBR-Muw" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link header-youtube-link" aria-label="Hudi YouTube Channel"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"></div></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/apache-hudi/?viewAsMember=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link header-linkedin-link" aria-label="Hudi Linkedin Page"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"></div></a><div class="searchBox_fBfG"><div role="button" class="searchButton_g9-U" aria-label="Search"><span class="searchText_RI6l">Search</span><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="6.864" cy="6.864" r="5.243" stroke="#1C1E21" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></circle><path d="m10.51 10.783 2.056 2.05" stroke="#1C1E21" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></div></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div><div class="navbar-sidebar"><div class="navbar-sidebar__brand"><a class="navbar__brand" href="/"><div class="navbar__logo"><img src="/assets/images/hudi.png" alt="Apache Hudi" class="themedImage_TMUO themedImage--light_4Vu1"><img src="/assets/images/hudi.png" alt="Apache Hudi" class="themedImage_TMUO themedImage--dark_uzRr"></div></a><button type="button" class="clean-btn navbar-sidebar__close"><svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" width="21" height="21"><g stroke="var(--ifm-color-emphasis-600)" stroke-width="1.2"><path d="M.75.75l13.5 13.5M14.25.75L.75 14.25"></path></g></svg></button></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__items"><div class="navbar-sidebar__item menu"><ul class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/overview"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Docs</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a role="button" class="menu__link menu__link--sublist"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Learn</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a role="button" class="menu__link menu__link--sublist"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Contribute</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a role="button" class="menu__link menu__link--sublist"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Community</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/blog"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Blog</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/powered-by"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Who's Using</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/roadmap"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Roadmap</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/releases/download"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Download</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a role="button" class="menu__link menu__link--sublist"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Versions</div></a><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="menu__list-item"><a aria-current="page" class="menu__link menu__link--active" href="/docs/next/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">Current</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.14.1</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.14.0/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.14.0</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.13.1/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.13.1</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.13.0/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.13.0</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.12.3/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.12.3</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.12.2/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.12.2</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.12.1/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.12.1</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.12.0/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.12.0</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.11.1/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.11.1</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.11.0/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.11.0</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.10.1/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.10.1</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.10.0/write_operations"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.10.0</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.9.0/overview"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.9.0</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.8.0/overview"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.8.0</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.7.0/overview"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.7.0</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.6.0/quick-start-guide"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.6.0</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.5.3/quick-start-guide"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.5.3</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.5.2/quick-start-guide"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.5.2</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.5.1/quick-start-guide"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.5.1</div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.5.0/quick-start-guide"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj">0.5.0</div></a></li></ul></li><li class="menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><a role="button" class="menu__link menu__link--sublist"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"><span><svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="iconLanguage_zID8"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19.753 10.909c-.624-1.707-2.366-2.726-4.661-2.726-.09 0-.176.002-.262.006l-.016-2.063 3.525-.607c.115-.019.133-.119.109-.231-.023-.111-.167-.883-.188-.976-.027-.131-.102-.127-.207-.109-.104.018-3.25.461-3.25.461l-.013-2.078c-.001-.125-.069-.158-.194-.156l-1.025.016c-.105.002-.164.049-.162.148l.033 2.307s-3.061.527-3.144.543c-.084.014-.17.053-.151.143.019.09.19 1.094.208 1.172.018.08.072.129.188.107l2.924-.504.035 2.018c-1.077.281-1.801.824-2.256 1.303-.768.807-1.207 1.887-1.207 2.963 0 1.586.971 2.529 2.328 2.695 3.162.387 5.119-3.06 5.769-4.715 1.097 1.506.256 4.354-2.094 5.98-.043.029-.098.129-.033.207l.619.756c.08.096.206.059.256.023 2.51-1.73 3.661-4.515 2.869-6.683zm-7.386 3.188c-.966-.121-.944-.914-.944-1.453 0-.773.327-1.58.876-2.156a3.21 3.21 0 011.229-.799l.082 4.277a2.773 2.773 0 01-1.243.131zm2.427-.553l.046-4.109c.084-.004.166-.01.252-.01.773 0 1.494.145 1.885.361.391.217-1.023 2.713-2.183 3.758zm-8.95-7.668a.196.196 0 00-.196-.145h-1.95a.194.194 0 00-.194.144L.008 16.916c-.017.051-.011.076.062.076h1.733c.075 0 .099-.023.114-.072l1.008-3.318h3.496l1.008 3.318c.016.049.039.072.113.072h1.734c.072 0 .078-.025.062-.076-.014-.05-3.083-9.741-3.494-11.04zm-2.618 6.318l1.447-5.25 1.447 5.25H3.226z"></path></svg><span>Languages</span></span></div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://github.com/apache/hudi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link header-github-link" aria-label="GitHub repository"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"></div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheHudi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link header-twitter-link" aria-label="Hudi Twitter Handle"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"></div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://join.slack.com/t/apache-hudi/shared_invite/zt-2ggm1fub8-_yt4Reu9djwqqVRFC7X49g" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link header-slack-link" aria-label="Hudi Slack Channel"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"></div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs7AhE0BWaEPZSChrBR-Muw" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link header-youtube-link" aria-label="Hudi YouTube Channel"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"></div></a></li><li class="menu__list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/apache-hudi/?viewAsMember=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link header-linkedin-link" aria-label="Hudi Linkedin Page"><div class="labelWrapperDropdown_Mqbj"></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-sidebar__item menu"><button type="button" class="clean-btn navbar-sidebar__back">← Back to main menu</button></div></div></div></nav><div class="main-wrapper docs-wrapper docs-doc-page"><div class="docPage_GMj9"><button aria-label="Scroll back to top" class="clean-btn theme-back-to-top-button backToTopButton_i9tI" type="button"></button><aside class="docSidebarContainer_k0Pq"><div class="sidebar_a3j0"><nav class="menu thin-scrollbar menu_cyFh menuWithAnnouncementBar_+O1J"><ul class="theme-doc-sidebar-menu menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/next/overview">Getting Started</a></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/overview">Overview</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/quick-start-guide">Spark Quick Start</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/flink-quick-start-guide">Flink Quick Start</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/docker_demo">Docker Demo</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/use_cases">Use Cases</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--active hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/next/hudi_stack">Design & Concepts</a></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/hudi_stack">Apache Hudi Stack</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/timeline">Timeline</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/file_layouts">File Layouts</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/table_types">Table & Query Types</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/indexing">Indexing</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link menu__link--active" aria-current="page" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/write_operations">Write Operations</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/key_generation">Key Generation</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/record_payload">Record Payload</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/schema_evolution">Schema Evolution</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/metadata">Metadata Table</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/next/concurrency_control">Concurrency Control</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/next/hoodie_streaming_ingestion">Ingestion</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/next/sql_ddl">Writing Tables</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/next/sql_queries">Reading Tables</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/next/migration_guide">Table Services</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/next/snapshot_exporter">Platform Services</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/next/performance">Operations</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/next/basic_configurations">Configurations</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/next/faq">Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/next/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></li></ul></nav></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_Q970"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_zHA2"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role="alert"><div>This is unreleased documentation for <!-- -->Apache Hudi<!-- --> <b>Current</b> version.</div><div class="margin-top--md">For up-to-date documentation, see the <b><a href="/docs/write_operations">latest version</a></b> (<!-- -->0.14.1<!-- -->).</div></div><div class="docItemContainer_oiyr"><article><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: <!-- -->Current</span><div class="tocCollapsible_aw-L theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_Tx6Y"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_zr6a">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Write Operations</h1></header><p>It may be helpful to understand the different write operations of Hudi and how best to leverage them. These operations |
| can be chosen/changed across each commit/deltacommit issued against the table.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="operation-types">Operation Types<a class="hash-link" href="#operation-types" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="upsert">UPSERT<a class="hash-link" href="#upsert" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>This is the default operation where the input records are first tagged as inserts or updates by looking up the index. |
| The records are ultimately written after heuristics are run to determine how best to pack them on storage to optimize for things like file sizing. |
| This operation is recommended for use-cases like database change capture where the input almost certainly contains updates. The target table will never show duplicates. </p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="insert">INSERT<a class="hash-link" href="#insert" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>This operation is very similar to upsert in terms of heuristics/file sizing but completely skips the index lookup step. Thus, it can be a lot faster than upserts |
| for use-cases like log de-duplication (in conjunction with options to filter duplicates mentioned below). This is also suitable for use-cases where the table can tolerate duplicates, but just |
| need the transactional writes/incremental pull/storage management capabilities of Hudi.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="bulk_insert">BULK_INSERT<a class="hash-link" href="#bulk_insert" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>Both upsert and insert operations keep input records in memory to speed up storage heuristics computations faster (among other things) and thus can be cumbersome for |
| initial loading/bootstrapping a Hudi table at first. Bulk insert provides the same semantics as insert, while implementing a sort-based data writing algorithm, which can scale very well for several hundred TBs |
| of initial load. However, this just does a best-effort job at sizing files vs guaranteeing file sizes like inserts/upserts do.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="delete">DELETE<a class="hash-link" href="#delete" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>Hudi supports implementing two types of deletes on data stored in Hudi tables, by enabling the user to specify a different record payload implementation.</p><ul><li><strong>Soft Deletes</strong> : Retain the record key and just null out the values for all the other fields. |
| This can be achieved by ensuring the appropriate fields are nullable in the table schema and simply upserting the table after setting these fields to null.</li><li><strong>Hard Deletes</strong> : This method entails completely eradicating all evidence of a record from the table, including any duplicates. There are three distinct approaches to accomplish this: <ul><li>Using DataSource, set <code>"hoodie.datasource.write.operation"</code> to <code>"delete"</code>. This will remove all the records in the DataSet being submitted. </li><li>Using DataSource, set <code>PAYLOAD_CLASS_OPT_KEY</code> to <code>"org.apache.hudi.EmptyHoodieRecordPayload"</code>. This will remove all the records in the DataSet being submitted. </li><li>Using DataSource or Hudi Streamer, add a column named <code>_hoodie_is_deleted</code> to DataSet. The value of this column must be set to <code>true</code> for all the records to be deleted and either <code>false</code> or left null for any records which are to be upserted.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="bootstrap">BOOTSTRAP<a class="hash-link" href="#bootstrap" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>Hudi supports migrating your existing large tables into a Hudi table using the <code>bootstrap</code> operation. There are a couple of ways to approach this. Please refer to |
| <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/migration_guide" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">bootstrapping page</a> for more details. </p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="insert_overwrite">INSERT_OVERWRITE<a class="hash-link" href="#insert_overwrite" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>This operation is used to rerwrite the all the partitions that are present in the input. This operation can be faster |
| than <code>upsert</code> for batch ETL jobs, that are recomputing entire target partitions at once (as opposed to incrementally |
| updating the target tables). This is because, we are able to bypass indexing, precombining and other repartitioning |
| steps in the upsert write path completely. This comes in handy if you are doing any backfill or any such type of use-cases.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="insert_overwrite_table">INSERT_OVERWRITE_TABLE<a class="hash-link" href="#insert_overwrite_table" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>This operation can be used to overwrite the entire table for whatever reason. The Hudi cleaner will eventually clean up |
| the previous table snapshot's file groups asynchronously based on the configured cleaning policy. This operation is much |
| faster than issuing explicit deletes. </p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="delete_partition">DELETE_PARTITION<a class="hash-link" href="#delete_partition" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>In addition to deleting individual records, Hudi supports deleting entire partitions in bulk using this operation. |
| Deletion of specific partitions can be done using the config |
| <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations#hoodiedatasourcewritepartitionstodelete" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>hoodie.datasource.write.partitions.to.delete</code></a>. </p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="configs">Configs<a class="hash-link" href="#configs" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Here are the basic configs relevant to the write operations types mentioned above. Please refer to <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations#Write-Options" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Write Options</a> for more Spark based configs and <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/next/configurations#Flink-Options" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Flink options</a> for Flink based configs.</p><p><strong>Spark based configs:</strong></p><table><thead><tr><th>Config Name</th><th>Default</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>hoodie.datasource.write.operation</td><td>upsert (Optional)</td><td>Whether to do upsert, insert or bulk_insert for the write operation. Use bulk_insert to load new data into a table, and there on use upsert/insert. bulk insert uses a disk based write path to scale to load large inputs without need to cache it.<br><br><code>Config Param: OPERATION</code></td></tr><tr><td>hoodie.datasource.write.precombine.field</td><td>ts (Optional)</td><td>Field used in preCombining before actual write. When two records have the same key value, we will pick the one with the largest value for the precombine field, determined by Object.compareTo(..)<br><br><code>Config Param: PRECOMBINE_FIELD</code></td></tr><tr><td>hoodie.combine.before.insert</td><td>false (Optional)</td><td>When inserted records share same key, controls whether they should be first combined (i.e de-duplicated) before writing to storage.<br><br><code>Config Param: COMBINE_BEFORE_INSERT</code></td></tr><tr><td>hoodie.datasource.write.insert.drop.duplicates</td><td>false (Optional)</td><td>If set to true, records from the incoming dataframe will not overwrite existing records with the same key during the write operation. This config is deprecated as of 0.14.0. Please use hoodie.datasource.insert.dup.policy instead.<br><br><code>Config Param: INSERT_DROP_DUPS</code></td></tr><tr><td>hoodie.bulkinsert.sort.mode</td><td>NONE (Optional)</td><td>org.apache.hudi.execution.bulkinsert.BulkInsertSortMode: Modes for sorting records during bulk insert. <ul><li><code>NONE(default)</code>: No sorting. Fastest and matches <code>spark.write.parquet()</code> in number of files and overhead.</li><li><code>GLOBAL_SORT</code>: This ensures best file sizes, with lowest memory overhead at cost of sorting.</li><li><code>PARTITION_SORT</code>: Strikes a balance by only sorting within a Spark RDD partition, still keeping the memory overhead of writing low. File sizing is not as good as <code>GLOBAL_SORT</code>.</li><li><code>PARTITION_PATH_REPARTITION</code>: This ensures that the data for a single physical partition in the table is written by the same Spark executor. This should only be used when input data is evenly distributed across different partition paths. If data is skewed (most records are intended for a handful of partition paths among all) then this can cause an imbalance among Spark executors.</li><li><code>PARTITION_PATH_REPARTITION_AND_SORT</code>: This ensures that the data for a single physical partition in the table is written by the same Spark executor. This should only be used when input data is evenly distributed across different partition paths. Compared to <code>PARTITION_PATH_REPARTITION</code>, this sort mode does an additional step of sorting the records based on the partition path within a single Spark partition, given that data for multiple physical partitions can be sent to the same Spark partition and executor. If data is skewed (most records are intended for a handful of partition paths among all) then this can cause an imbalance among Spark executors.</li></ul><br><code>Config Param: BULK_INSERT_SORT_MODE</code></td></tr><tr><td>hoodie.bootstrap.base.path</td><td>N/A <strong>(Required)</strong></td><td><strong>Applicable only when</strong> operation type is <code>bootstrap</code>. Base path of the dataset that needs to be bootstrapped as a Hudi table<br><br><code>Config Param: BASE_PATH</code><br><code>Since Version: 0.6.0</code></td></tr><tr><td>hoodie.bootstrap.mode.selector</td><td>org.apache.hudi.client.bootstrap.selector.MetadataOnlyBootstrapModeSelector (Optional)</td><td>Selects the mode in which each file/partition in the bootstrapped dataset gets bootstrapped<br>Possible values:<ul><li><code>org.apache.hudi.client.bootstrap.selector.MetadataOnlyBootstrapModeSelector</code>: In this mode, the full record data is not copied into Hudi therefore it avoids full cost of rewriting the dataset. Instead, 'skeleton' files containing just the corresponding metadata columns are added to the Hudi table. Hudi relies on the data in the original table and will face data-loss or corruption if files in the original table location are deleted or modified.</li><li><code>org.apache.hudi.client.bootstrap.selector.FullRecordBootstrapModeSelector</code>: In this mode, the full record data is copied into hudi and metadata columns are added. A full record bootstrap is functionally equivalent to a bulk-insert. After a full record bootstrap, Hudi will function properly even if the original table is modified or deleted.</li><li><code>org.apache.hudi.client.bootstrap.selector.BootstrapRegexModeSelector</code>: A bootstrap selector which employs bootstrap mode by specified partitions.</li></ul><br><code>Config Param: MODE_SELECTOR_CLASS_NAME</code><br><code>Since Version: 0.6.0</code></td></tr><tr><td>hoodie.datasource.write.partitions.to.delete</td><td>N/A <strong>(Required)</strong></td><td><strong>Applicable only when</strong> operation type is <code>delete_partition</code>. Comma separated list of partitions to delete. Allows use of wildcard *<br><br><code>Config Param: PARTITIONS_TO_DELETE</code></td></tr></tbody></table><p><strong>Flink based configs:</strong></p><table><thead><tr><th>Config Name</th><th>Default</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>write.operation</td><td>upsert (Optional)</td><td>The write operation, that this write should do<br><br> <code>Config Param: OPERATION</code></td></tr><tr><td>precombine.field</td><td>ts (Optional)</td><td>Field used in preCombining before actual write. When two records have the same key value, we will pick the one with the largest value for the precombine field, determined by Object.compareTo(..)<br><br> <code>Config Param: PRECOMBINE_FIELD</code></td></tr><tr><td>write.precombine</td><td>false (Optional)</td><td>Flag to indicate whether to drop duplicates before insert/upsert. By default these cases will accept duplicates, to gain extra performance: 1) insert operation; 2) upsert for MOR table, the MOR table deduplicate on reading<br><br> <code>Config Param: PRE_COMBINE</code></td></tr><tr><td>write.bulk_insert.sort_input</td><td>true (Optional)</td><td>Whether to sort the inputs by specific fields for bulk insert tasks, default true<br><br> <code>Config Param: WRITE_BULK_INSERT_SORT_INPUT</code></td></tr><tr><td>write.bulk_insert.sort_input.by_record_key</td><td>false (Optional)</td><td>Whether to sort the inputs by record keys for bulk insert tasks, default false<br><br> <code>Config Param: WRITE_BULK_INSERT_SORT_INPUT_BY_RECORD_KEY</code></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="writing-path">Writing path<a class="hash-link" href="#writing-path" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>The following is an inside look on the Hudi write path and the sequence of events that occur during a write.</p><ol><li><a href="/docs/configurations#hoodiecombinebeforeinsert">Deduping</a><ol><li>First your input records may have duplicate keys within the same batch and duplicates need to be combined or reduced by key.</li></ol></li><li><a href="/docs/next/indexing">Index Lookup</a><ol><li>Next, an index lookup is performed to try and match the input records to identify which file groups they belong to.</li></ol></li><li><a href="/docs/next/file_sizing">File Sizing</a><ol><li>Then, based on the average size of previous commits, Hudi will make a plan to add enough records to a small file to get it close to the configured maximum limit.</li></ol></li><li><a href="/docs/next/file_layouts">Partitioning</a><ol><li>We now arrive at partitioning where we decide what file groups certain updates and inserts will be placed in or if new file groups will be created</li></ol></li><li>Write I/O<ol><li>Now we actually do the write operations which is either creating a new base file, appending to the log file, |
| or versioning an existing base file.</li></ol></li><li>Update <a href="/docs/next/indexing">Index</a><ol><li>Now that the write is performed, we will go back and update the index.</li></ol></li><li>Commit<ol><li>Finally we commit all of these changes atomically. (<a href="/docs/next/platform_services_post_commit_callback">Post-commit callback</a> can be configured.)</li></ol></li><li><a href="/docs/next/hoodie_cleaner">Clean</a> (if needed)<ol><li>Following the commit, cleaning is invoked if needed.</li></ol></li><li><a href="/docs/next/compaction">Compaction</a><ol><li>If you are using MOR tables, compaction will either run inline, or be scheduled asynchronously</li></ol></li><li>Archive<ol><li>Lastly, we perform an archival step which moves old <a href="/docs/next/timeline">timeline</a> items to an archive folder.</li></ol></li></ol><p>Here is a diagramatic representation of the flow.</p><figure><img class="docimage" src="/assets/images/hudi_write_path-c78452c9402d493b4aad08d4beae79d5.png" alt="hudi_write_path.png"></figure><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="related-resources">Related Resources<a class="hash-link" href="#related-resources" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><h3>Videos</h3><ul><li><a href="https://youtu.be/94DPKkzDm-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Insert | Update | Delete On Datalake (S3) with Apache Hudi and glue Pyspark</a></li><li><a href="https://youtu.be/hK1G7CPBL2M" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Insert|Update|Read|Write|SnapShot| Time Travel |incremental Query on Apache Hudi datalake (S3)</a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuZoREO8_zs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Apache Hudi Bulk Insert Sort Modes a summary of two incredible blogs</a></li></ul></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/apache/hudi/tree/asf-site/website/docs/write_operations.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_mS5F" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_mt2f"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/docs/next/indexing"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Indexing</div></a></div><div class="pagination-nav__item pagination-nav__item--next"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/docs/next/key_generation"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Key Generation</div></a></div></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_vrFS thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#operation-types" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Operation Types</a><ul><li><a href="#upsert" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">UPSERT</a></li><li><a href="#insert" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">INSERT</a></li><li><a href="#bulk_insert" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">BULK_INSERT</a></li><li><a href="#delete" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">DELETE</a></li><li><a href="#bootstrap" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">BOOTSTRAP</a></li><li><a href="#insert_overwrite" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">INSERT_OVERWRITE</a></li><li><a href="#insert_overwrite_table" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">INSERT_OVERWRITE_TABLE</a></li><li><a href="#delete_partition" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">DELETE_PARTITION</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#configs" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Configs</a></li><li><a href="#writing-path" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Writing path</a></li><li><a href="#related-resources" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Related Resources</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">About</div><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/blog/2021/07/21/streaming-data-lake-platform">Our Vision</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/docs/concepts">Concepts</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/community/team">Team</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/releases/release-0.14.1">Releases</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/releases/download">Download</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/powered-by">Who's Using</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Learn</div><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/docs/quick-start-guide">Quick Start</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/docs/docker_demo">Docker Demo</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/blog">Blog</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/talks">Talks</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/videos">Video Guides</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/docs/faq">FAQ</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/HUDI" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item"><span>Technical Wiki<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_wgqa"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Hudi On Cloud</div><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/docs/s3_hoodie">AWS</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/docs/gcs_hoodie">Google Cloud</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/docs/oss_hoodie">Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/docs/azure_hoodie">Microsoft Azure</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/docs/cos_hoodie">Tencent Cloud</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/docs/ibm_cos_hoodie">IBM Cloud</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Community</div><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a class="footer__link-item" href="/community/get-involved">Get Involved</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://join.slack.com/t/apache-hudi/shared_invite/zt-2ggm1fub8-_yt4Reu9djwqqVRFC7X49g" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item"><span>Slack<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_wgqa"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/apache/hudi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item"><span>GitHub<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_wgqa"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheHudi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item"><span>Twitter<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_wgqa"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs7AhE0BWaEPZSChrBR-Muw" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item"><span>YouTube<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_wgqa"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/apache-hudi/?viewAsMember=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item"><span>Linkedin<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_wgqa"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="mailto:dev-subscribe@hudi.apache.org?Subject=SubscribeToHudi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Mailing List</a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Apache</div><ul class="footer__items"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Events</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Thanks</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">License</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/security" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Security</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Sponsorship</a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.apache.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="margin-bottom--sm"><a href="https://hudi.apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footerLogoLink_SRtH"><img src="/assets/images/logo-big.png" alt="Apache Hudi™" class="themedImage_TMUO themedImage--light_4Vu1 footer__logo"><img src="/assets/images/logo-big.png" alt="Apache Hudi™" class="themedImage_TMUO themedImage--dark_uzRr footer__logo"></a></div><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2021 <a href="https://apache.org">The Apache Software Foundation</a>, Licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"> Apache License, Version 2.0</a>. <br>Hudi, Apache and the Apache feather logo are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.</div></div></div></footer></div> |
| <script src="/assets/js/runtime~main.2cab5691.js"></script> |
| <script src="/assets/js/main.bd020950.js"></script> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
