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class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/docs/0.13.1/performance">Guides</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.13.1/use_cases">Use Cases</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.13.1/faq">FAQs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.13.1/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></li></ul></nav></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_Q970"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_zHA2"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role="alert"><div>This is documentation for <!-- -->Apache Hudi<!-- --> <b>0.13.1</b>, which is no longer actively maintained.</div><div class="margin-top--md">For up-to-date documentation, see the <b><a href="/docs/record_payload">latest version</a></b> (<!-- -->0.14.1<!-- -->).</div></div><div class="docItemContainer_oiyr"><article><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: <!-- -->0.13.1</span><div class="tocCollapsible_aw-L theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_Tx6Y"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_zr6a">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Record Payload</h1></header><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="record-payload">Record Payload<a class="hash-link" href="#record-payload" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>One of the core features of Hudi is the ability to incrementally upsert data, deduplicate and merge records on the fly. |
| Additionally, users can implement their custom logic to merge the input records with the record on storage. Record |
| payload is an abstract representation of a Hudi record that allows the aforementioned capability. As we shall see below, |
| Hudi provides out-of-the-box support for different payloads for different use cases. But, first let us understand how record |
| payload is used in the Hudi upsert path.</p><figure><img class="docimage" src="/assets/images/upsert_path-0935f9caee7f799b5ba273d3b077c87d.png" alt="upsert_path.png"></figure><p>Figure above shows the main stages that records go through while being written to the Hudi table. In the precombining |
| stage, Hudi performs any deduplication based on the payload implementation and precombine key configured by the user. |
| Further, on index lookup, Hudi identifies which records are being updated and the record payload implementation tells |
| Hudi how to merge the incoming record with the existing record on storage.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="existing-payloads">Existing Payloads<a class="hash-link" href="#existing-payloads" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="overwritewithlatestavropayload">OverwriteWithLatestAvroPayload<a class="hash-link" href="#overwritewithlatestavropayload" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>This is the default record payload implementation. It picks the record with the greatest value (determined by calling |
| <code>.compareTo()</code> on the value of precombine key) to break ties and simply picks the latest record while merging. This gives |
| latest-write-wins style semantics.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="defaulthoodierecordpayload">DefaultHoodieRecordPayload<a class="hash-link" href="#defaulthoodierecordpayload" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>While <code>OverwriteWithLatestAvroPayload</code> precombines based on an ordering field and picks the latest record while merging, |
| <code>DefaultHoodieRecordPayload</code> honors the ordering field for both precombining and merging. Let's understand the difference with an example:</p><p>Let's say the ordering field is <code>ts</code> and record key is <code>id</code> and schema is:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> [</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> {"name":"id","type":"string"},</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> {"name":"ts","type":"long"},</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> {"name":"name","type":"string"},</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> {"name":"price","type":"string"}</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> ]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Current record in storage:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> id ts name price</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> 1 2 name_2 price_2</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Incoming record:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> id ts name price</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> 1 1 name_1 price_1</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Result data after merging using <code>OverwriteWithLatestAvroPayload</code> (latest-write-wins):</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> id ts name price</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> 1 1 name_1 price_1</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Result data after merging using <code>DefaultHoodieRecordPayload</code> (always honors ordering field):</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> id ts name price</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> 1 2 name_2 price_2</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="eventtimeavropayload">EventTimeAvroPayload<a class="hash-link" href="#eventtimeavropayload" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>Some use cases require merging records by event time and thus event time plays the role of an ordering field. This |
| payload is particularly useful in the case of late-arriving data. For such use cases, users need to set |
| the <a href="/docs/configurations#RECORD_PAYLOAD">payload event time field</a> configuration.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="overwritenondefaultswithlatestavropayload">OverwriteNonDefaultsWithLatestAvroPayload<a class="hash-link" href="#overwritenondefaultswithlatestavropayload" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>This payload is quite similar to <code>OverwriteWithLatestAvroPayload</code> with slight difference while merging records. For |
| precombining, just like <code>OverwriteWithLatestAvroPayload</code>, it picks the latest record for a key, based on an ordering |
| field. While merging, it overwrites the existing record on storage only for the specified <strong>fields that do not equal |
| the default value</strong> for that field.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="partialupdateavropayload">PartialUpdateAvroPayload<a class="hash-link" href="#partialupdateavropayload" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>This payload supports partial update. Typically, once the merge step resolves which record to pick, then the record on |
| storage is fully replaced by the resolved record. But, in some cases, the requirement is to update only certain fields |
| and not replace the whole record. This is called partial update. <code>PartialUpdateAvroPayload</code> provides out-of-box support |
| for such use cases. To illustrate the point, let us look at a simple example:</p><p>Let's say the ordering field is <code>ts</code> and record key is <code>id</code> and schema is:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> [</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> {"name":"id","type":"string"},</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> {"name":"ts","type":"long"},</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> {"name":"name","type":"string"},</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> {"name":"price","type":"string"}</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> ]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Current record in storage:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> id ts name price</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> 1 2 name_1 null</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Incoming record:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> id ts name price</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> 1 1 null price_1</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Result data after merging using <code>PartialUpdateAvroPayload</code>:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> id ts name price</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> 1 2 name_1 price_1</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="summary">Summary<a class="hash-link" href="#summary" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>In this document, we highlighted the role of record payload to support fast incremental ETL with updates and deletes. We |
| also talked about some payload implementations readily provided by Hudi. There are quite a few other implementations |
| and developers would be interested in looking at the hierarchy of <code>HoodieRecordPayload</code> interface. For |
| example, <code>MySqlDebeziumAvroPayload</code> and <code>PostgresDebeziumAvroPayload</code> provides support for seamlessly applying changes |
| captured via Debezium for MySQL and PostgresDB. <code>AWSDmsAvroPayload</code> provides support for applying changes captured via |
| Amazon Database Migration Service onto S3.</p><p>Record payloads are tunable to suit many use cases. Please check out the configurations |
| listed <a href="/docs/configurations#RECORD_PAYLOAD">here</a>. Moreover, if users want to implement their own custom merge logic, |
| please check |
| out <a href="/docs/faq/#can-i-implement-my-own-logic-for-how-input-records-are-merged-with-record-on-storage">this FAQ</a>. In a |
| separate document, we will talk about a new record merger API for optimized payload handling.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/apache/hudi/tree/asf-site/website/versioned_docs/version-0.13.1/record_payload.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_mS5F" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_mt2f"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a class="pagination-nav__link" href="/docs/0.13.1/concurrency_control"><div 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