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theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.12.0/use_cases">Use Cases</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.12.0/faq">FAQs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/0.12.0/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></li></ul></nav></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_Q970"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_zHA2"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role="alert"><div>This is documentation for <!-- -->Apache Hudi<!-- --> <b>0.12.0</b>, which is no longer actively maintained.</div><div class="margin-top--md">For up-to-date documentation, see the <b><a href="/docs/metadata">latest version</a></b> (<!-- -->0.14.1<!-- -->).</div></div><div class="docItemContainer_oiyr"><article><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: <!-- -->0.12.0</span><div class="tocCollapsible_aw-L theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_Tx6Y"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_zr6a">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Metadata Table</h1></header><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="motivation-for-a-metadata-table">Motivation for a Metadata Table<a class="hash-link" href="#motivation-for-a-metadata-table" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>The Apache Hudi Metadata Table can significantly improve read/write performance of your queries. The main purpose of the |
| Metadata Table is to eliminate the requirement for the "list files" operation.</p><p>When reading and writing data, file listing operations are performed to get the current view of the file system. |
| When data sets are large, listing all the files may be a performance bottleneck, but more importantly in the case of cloud storage systems |
| like AWS S3, the large number of file listing requests sometimes causes throttling due to certain request limits. |
| The Metadata Table will instead proactively maintain the list of files and remove the need for recursive file listing operations</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="some-numbers-from-a-study">Some numbers from a study:<a class="hash-link" href="#some-numbers-from-a-study" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>Running a TPCDS benchmark the p50 list latencies for a single folder scales ~linearly with the amount of files/objects:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Number of files/objects</th><th>100</th><th>1K</th><th>10K</th><th>100K</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>P50 list latency</td><td>50ms</td><td>131ms</td><td>1062ms</td><td>9932ms</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Whereas listings from the Metadata Table will not scale linearly with file/object count and instead take about 100-500ms per read even for very large tables. |
| Even better, the timeline server caches portions of the metadata (currently only for writers), and provides ~10ms performance for listings.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="supporting-multi-modal-index">Supporting Multi-Modal Index<a class="hash-link" href="#supporting-multi-modal-index" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>Multi-modal index can drastically improve the lookup performance in file index and query latency with data skipping. |
| Bloom filter index containing the file-level bloom filter facilitates the key lookup and file pruning. The column stats |
| index containing the statistics of all columns improves file pruning based on key and column value range in both the |
| writer and the reader, in query planning in Spark for example. Multi-modal index is implemented as independent partitions |
| containing the indices in the metadata table.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="enable-hudi-metadata-table-and-multi-modal-index">Enable Hudi Metadata Table and Multi-Modal Index<a class="hash-link" href="#enable-hudi-metadata-table-and-multi-modal-index" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Since 0.11.0, the metadata table with synchronous updates and metadata-table-based file listing are enabled by default. |
| There are prerequisite configurations and steps in <a href="#deployment-considerations">Deployment considerations</a> to |
| safely use this feature. The metadata table and related file listing functionality can still be turned off by setting |
| <a href="/docs/configurations#hoodiemetadataenable"><code>hoodie.metadata.enable</code></a> to <code>false</code>. For 0.10.1 and prior releases, metadata |
| table is disabled by default, and you can turn it on by setting the same config to <code>true</code>.</p><p>If you turn off the metadata table after enabling, be sure to wait for a few commits so that the metadata table is fully |
| cleaned up, before re-enabling the metadata table again.</p><p>The multi-modal index is introduced in 0.11.0 release. They are disabled by default. You can choose to enable bloom |
| filter index by setting <code>hoodie.metadata.index.bloom.filter.enable</code> to <code>true</code> and enable column stats index by setting |
| <code>hoodie.metadata.index.column.stats.enable</code> to <code>true</code>, when metadata table is enabled. In 0.11.0 release, data skipping |
| to improve queries in Spark now relies on the column stats index in metadata table. The enabling of metadata table and |
| column stats index is prerequisite to enabling data skipping with <code>hoodie.enable.data.skipping</code>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="deployment-considerations">Deployment considerations<a class="hash-link" href="#deployment-considerations" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>To ensure that Metadata Table stays up to date, all write operations on the same Hudi table need additional configurations |
| besides the above in different deployment models. Before enabling metadata table, all writers on the same table must |
| be stopped.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="deployment-model-a-single-writer-with-inline-table-services">Deployment Model A: Single writer with inline table services<a class="hash-link" href="#deployment-model-a-single-writer-with-inline-table-services" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>If your current deployment model is single writer and all table services (cleaning, clustering, compaction) are configured |
| to be inline, such as Deltastreamer sync-once mode and Spark Datasource with default configs, there is no additional configuration |
| required. After setting <a href="/docs/configurations#hoodiemetadataenable"><code>hoodie.metadata.enable</code></a> to <code>true</code>, restarting |
| the single writer is sufficient to safely enable metadata table.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="deployment-model-b-single-writer-with-async-table-services">Deployment Model B: Single writer with async table services<a class="hash-link" href="#deployment-model-b-single-writer-with-async-table-services" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>If your current deployment model is single writer along with async table services (such as cleaning, clustering, compaction) |
| running in the same process, such as Deltastreamer continuous mode writing MOR table, Spark streaming (where compaction is async by default), |
| and your own job setup enabling async table services inside the same writer, it is a must to have the optimistic concurrency control, |
| the lock provider, and lazy failed write clean policy configured before enabling metadata table as follows. This is to guarantee |
| the proper behavior of <a href="/docs/concurrency_control#enabling-multi-writing">optimistic concurrency control</a> when enabling |
| metadata table. Failing to follow the configuration guide leads to loss of data. Note that these configurations are |
| required only if metadata table is enabled in this deployment model.</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg language-properties theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI properties"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-properties codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">hoodie.write.concurrency.mode=optimistic_concurrency_control</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">hoodie.cleaner.policy.failed.writes=LAZY</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">hoodie.write.lock.provider=org.apache.hudi.client.transaction.lock.InProcessLockProvider</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>If multiple writers in different processes are present, including one writer with async table services, please refer to |
| <a href="#deployment-model-c-multi-writer">Deployment Model C: Multi-writer</a> for configs, with the difference of using a |
| distributed lock provider. Note that running a separate compaction (<code>HoodieCompactor</code>) or clustering (<code>HoodieClusteringJob</code>) |
| job apart from the ingestion writer is considered as multi-writer deployment, as they are not running in the same |
| process which cannot rely on the in-process lock provider.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="deployment-model-c-multi-writer">Deployment Model C: Multi-writer<a class="hash-link" href="#deployment-model-c-multi-writer" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>If your current deployment model is multi-writer along with a lock provider and other required configs set for every writer |
| as follows, there is no additional configuration required. You can bring up the writers sequentially after stopping the |
| writers for enabling metadata table. Applying the proper configurations to only partial writers leads to loss of data |
| from the inconsistent writer. So, ensure you enable metadata table across all writers.</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg language-properties theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI properties"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-properties codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">hoodie.write.concurrency.mode=optimistic_concurrency_control</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">hoodie.cleaner.policy.failed.writes=LAZY</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">hoodie.write.lock.provider=<distributed-lock-provider-classname></span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Note that there are 4 different <a href="/docs/concurrency_control#enabling-multi-writing">lock providers available</a> |
| to choose from: <code>FileSystemBasedLockProvider</code>, <code>ZookeeperBasedLockProvider</code>, <code>HiveMetastoreBasedLockProvider</code>, and <code>DynamoDBBasedLockProvider</code>.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/apache/hudi/tree/asf-site/website/versioned_docs/version-0.12.0/metadata.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_mS5F" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_mt2f"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><div class="pagination-nav__item"><a 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