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class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/cn/docs/0.14.0/basic_configurations">Configurations</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist hasHref_TwRn" href="/cn/docs/0.14.0/performance">Guides</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/cn/docs/0.14.0/use_cases">Use Cases</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/cn/docs/0.14.0/faq">FAQs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/cn/docs/0.14.0/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></li></ul></nav></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_Q970"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_zHA2"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role="alert"><div>This is documentation for <!-- -->Apache Hudi<!-- --> <b>0.14.0</b>, which is no longer actively maintained.</div><div class="margin-top--md">For up-to-date documentation, see the <b><a href="/cn/docs/hoodie_cleaner">latest version</a></b> (<!-- -->0.14.1<!-- -->).</div></div><div class="docItemContainer_oiyr"><article><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: <!-- -->0.14.0</span><div class="tocCollapsible_aw-L theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_Tx6Y"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_zr6a">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Cleaning</h1></header><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="background">Background<a class="hash-link" href="#background" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Cleaning is a table service employed by Hudi to reclaim space occupied by older versions of data and keep storage costs |
| in check. Apache Hudi provides snapshot isolation between writers and readers by managing multiple versioned files with <strong>MVCC</strong> |
| concurrency. These file versions provide history and enable time travel and rollbacks, but it is important to manage |
| how much history you keep to balance your costs. Cleaning service plays a crucial role in manging the tradeoff between |
| retaining long history of data and the associated storage costs. </p><p>Hudi enables <a href="/cn/docs/configurations/#hoodiecleanautomatic">Automatic Hudi cleaning</a> by default. Cleaning is invoked |
| immediately after each commit, to delete older file slices. It's recommended to leave this enabled to ensure metadata |
| and data storage growth is bounded. Cleaner can also be scheduled after every few commits instead of after every commit by |
| configuring <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations#hoodiecleanmaxcommits" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hoodie.clean.max.commits</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="cleaning-retention-policies">Cleaning Retention Policies<a class="hash-link" href="#cleaning-retention-policies" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>When cleaning old files, you should be careful not to remove files that are being actively used by long running queries.</p><p>For spark based:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Config Name</th><th>Default</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>hoodie.cleaner.policy</td><td>KEEP_LATEST_COMMITS (Optional)</td><td>org.apache.hudi.common.model.HoodieCleaningPolicy: Cleaning policy to be used. <br><br><code>Config Param: CLEANER_POLICY</code></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The corresponding config for Flink based engine is <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations/#cleanpolicy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>clean.policy</code></a>.</p><p>Hudi cleaner currently supports the below cleaning policies to keep a certain number of commits or file versions:</p><ul><li><p><strong>KEEP_LATEST_COMMITS</strong>: This is the default policy. This is a temporal cleaning policy that ensures the effect of |
| having lookback into all the changes that happened in the last X commits. Suppose a writer is ingesting data |
| into a Hudi dataset every 30 minutes and the longest running query can take 5 hours to finish, then the user should |
| retain atleast the last 10 commits. With such a configuration, we ensure that the oldest version of a file is kept on |
| disk for at least 5 hours, thereby preventing the longest running query from failing at any point in time. Incremental |
| cleaning is also possible using this policy. |
| Number of commits to retain can be configured by <a href="https://analytics.google.com/analytics/web/#/p300324801/reports/intelligenthome" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>hoodie.cleaner.commits.retained</code></a>. |
| The corresponding Flink related config is <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations/#cleanretain_commits" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>clean.retain_commits</code></a>. </p></li><li><p><strong>KEEP_LATEST_FILE_VERSIONS</strong>: This policy has the effect of keeping N number of file versions irrespective of time. |
| This policy is useful when it is known how many MAX versions of the file does one want to keep at any given time. |
| To achieve the same behaviour as before of preventing long running queries from failing, one should do their calculations |
| based on data patterns. Alternatively, this policy is also useful if a user just wants to maintain 1 latest version of the file. |
| Number of file versions to retain can be configured by <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations/#hoodiecleanerfileversionsretained" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>hoodie.cleaner.fileversions.retained</code></a>. |
| The corresponding Flink related config is <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations/#cleanretain_file_versions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>clean.retain_file_versions</code></a>.</p></li><li><p><strong>KEEP_LATEST_BY_HOURS</strong>: This policy clean up based on hours.It is simple and useful when knowing that you want to |
| keep files at any given time. Corresponding to commits with commit times older than the configured number of hours to |
| be retained are cleaned. Currently you can configure by parameter <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations/#hoodiecleanerhoursretained" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>hoodie.cleaner.hours.retained</code></a>. |
| The corresponding Flink related config is <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations/#cleanretain_hours" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>clean.retain_hours</code></a>.</p></li></ul><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="configs">Configs<a class="hash-link" href="#configs" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>For details about all possible configurations and their default values see the <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations/#Clean-Configs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">configuration docs</a>. |
| For Flink related configs refer <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations/#FLINK_SQL" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="ways-to-trigger-cleaning">Ways to trigger Cleaning<a class="hash-link" href="#ways-to-trigger-cleaning" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="inline">Inline<a class="hash-link" href="#inline" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>By default, in Spark based writing, cleaning is run inline after every commit using the default policy of <code>KEEP_LATEST_COMMITS</code>. It's recommended |
| to keep this enabled, to ensure metadata and data storage growth is bounded. To enable this, users do not have to set any configs. Following are the relevant basic configs.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Config Name</th><th>Default</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>hoodie.clean.automatic</td><td>true (Optional)</td><td>When enabled, the cleaner table service is invoked immediately after each commit, to delete older file slices. It's recommended to enable this, to ensure metadata and data storage growth is bounded.<br><br><code>Config Param: AUTO_CLEAN</code></td></tr><tr><td>hoodie.cleaner.commits.retained</td><td>10 (Optional)</td><td>Number of commits to retain, without cleaning. This will be retained for num_of_commits * time_between_commits (scheduled). This also directly translates into how much data retention the table supports for incremental queries.<br><br><code>Config Param: CLEANER_COMMITS_RETAINED</code></td></tr></tbody></table><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="async">Async<a class="hash-link" href="#async" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>In case you wish to run the cleaner service asynchronously along with writing, please enable the <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations#hoodiecleanasync" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>hoodie.clean.async</code></a> as shown below:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg language-java theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI java"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">hoodie.clean.automatic=true</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">hoodie.clean.async=true</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>For Flink based writing, this is the default mode of cleaning. Please refer to <a href="https://hudi.apache.org/docs/configurations/#cleanasyncenabled" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>clean.async.enabled</code></a> for details.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="run-independently">Run independently<a class="hash-link" href="#run-independently" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>Hoodie Cleaner can also be run as a separate process. Following is the command for running the cleaner independently:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">spark-submit --master local --class org.apache.hudi.utilities.HoodieCleaner `ls packaging/hudi-utilities-bundle/target/hudi-utilities-bundle-*.jar` --help</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> Usage: <main class> [options]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> Options:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --help, -h</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --hoodie-conf</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> Any configuration that can be set in the properties file (using the CLI</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> parameter "--props") can also be passed command line using this</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> parameter. This can be repeated</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> Default: []</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --props</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> path to properties file on localfs or dfs, with configurations for</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> hoodie client for cleaning</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --spark-master</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> spark master to use.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> Default: local[2]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> * --target-base-path</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> base path for the hoodie table to be cleaner.</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Some examples to run the cleaner.<br> |
| <!-- -->Keep the latest 10 commits</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">spark-submit --master local --class org.apache.hudi.utilities.HoodieCleaner `ls packaging/hudi-utilities-bundle/target/hudi-utilities-bundle-*.jar`\</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --target-base-path /path/to/hoodie_table \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --hoodie-conf hoodie.cleaner.policy=KEEP_LATEST_COMMITS \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --hoodie-conf hoodie.cleaner.commits.retained=10 \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --hoodie-conf hoodie.cleaner.parallelism=200</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Keep the latest 3 file versions</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">spark-submit --master local --class org.apache.hudi.utilities.HoodieCleaner `ls packaging/hudi-utilities-bundle/target/hudi-utilities-bundle-*.jar`\</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --target-base-path /path/to/hoodie_table \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --hoodie-conf hoodie.cleaner.policy=KEEP_LATEST_FILE_VERSIONS \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --hoodie-conf hoodie.cleaner.fileversions.retained=3 \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --hoodie-conf hoodie.cleaner.parallelism=200</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Clean commits older than 24 hours</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">spark-submit --master local --class org.apache.hudi.utilities.HoodieCleaner `ls packaging/hudi-utilities-bundle/target/hudi-utilities-bundle-*.jar`\</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --target-base-path /path/to/hoodie_table \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --hoodie-conf hoodie.cleaner.policy=KEEP_LATEST_BY_HOURS \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --hoodie-conf hoodie.cleaner.hours.retained=24 \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain"> --hoodie-conf hoodie.cleaner.parallelism=200</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>Note: The parallelism takes the min value of number of partitions to clean and <code>hoodie.cleaner.parallelism</code>.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_y2LR" id="cli">CLI<a class="hash-link" href="#cli" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h4><p>You can also use <a href="/cn/docs/cli">Hudi CLI</a> to run Hoodie Cleaner.</p><p>CLI provides the below commands for cleaner service:</p><ul><li><code>cleans show</code></li><li><code>clean showpartitions</code></li><li><code>cleans run</code></li></ul><p>Example of cleaner keeping the latest 10 commits</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_J+bg theme-code-block"><div class="codeBlockContent_csEI"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-undefined codeBlock_rtdJ thin-scrollbar" style="color:#F8F8F2;background-color:#282A36"><code class="codeBlockLines_1zSZ"><span class="token-line" style="color:#F8F8F2"><span class="token plain">cleans run --sparkMaster local --hoodieConfigs hoodie.cleaner.policy=KEEP_LATEST_COMMITS hoodie.cleaner.commits.retained=3 hoodie.cleaner.parallelism=200</span><br></span></code></pre><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="copyButton_M3SB clean-btn">Copy</button></div></div><p>You can find more details and the relevant code for these commands in <a href="https://github.com/apache/hudi/blob/master/hudi-cli/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/cli/commands/CleansCommand.java" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>org.apache.hudi.cli.commands.CleansCommand</code></a> class.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/apache/hudi/tree/asf-site/website/versioned_docs/version-0.14.0/hoodie_cleaner.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_mS5F" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_mt2f"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav 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