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| <title>Access Control - Apache HTTP Server</title> |
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| <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> |
| <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p> |
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| <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div id="path"> |
| <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.3</a> > <a href="./">How-To / Tutorials</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Access Control</h1> |
| <div class="toplang"> |
| <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/access.html" title="English"> en </a></p> |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>Access control refers to any means of controlling access to any |
| resource. This is separate from <a href="auth.html">authentication and authorization</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#related">Related Modules and Directives</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#host">Access control by host</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#env">Access control by arbitrary variables</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Access control with mod_rewrite</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#moreinformation">More information</a></li> |
| </ul></div> |
| <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="related" id="related">Related Modules and Directives</a></h2> |
| |
| <p>Access control can be done by several different modules. The most |
| important of these are <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> and |
| <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. Also discussed in this document |
| is access control using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p> |
| |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="host" id="host">Access control by host</a></h2> |
| <p> |
| If you wish to restrict access to portions of your site based on the |
| host address of your visitors, this is most easily done using |
| <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> |
| provides a variety of different ways to allow or deny access to |
| resources. In conjunction with the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">RequireAll</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireany">RequireAny</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requirenone">RequireNone</a></code> directives, these |
| requirements may be combined in arbitrarily complex ways, to enforce |
| whatever your access policy happens to be.</p> |
| |
| <div class="warning"><p> |
| The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#allow">Allow</a></code>, |
| <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#deny">Deny</a></code>, and |
| <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html#order">Order</a></code> directives, |
| provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_access_compat.html">mod_access_compat</a></code>, are deprecated and |
| will go away in a future version. You should avoid using them, and |
| avoid outdated tutorials recommending their use. |
| </p></div> |
| |
| <p>The usage of these directives is:</p> |
| |
| <div class="example"><p><code> |
| Require host <var>address</var><br /> |
| Require ip <var>ip.address</var> |
| </code></p></div> |
| |
| <p>In the first form, <var>address</var> is a fully qualified |
| domain name (or a partial domain name); you may provide multiple |
| addresses or domain names, if desired.</p> |
| |
| <p>In the second form, <var>ip.address</var> is an IP address, a |
| partial IP address, a network/netmask pair, or a network/nnn CIDR |
| specification. Either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses may be used.</p> |
| |
| <p>See <a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html#requiredirectives">the |
| mod_authz_host documentation</a> for further examples of this |
| syntax.</p> |
| |
| <p>You can insert <code>not</code> to negate a particular requirement. |
| For example, if you have someone spamming your message |
| board, and you want to keep them out, you could do the |
| following:</p> |
| |
| <div class="example"><p><code> |
| Require not ip 10.252.46.165 |
| </code></p></div> |
| |
| <p>Visitors coming from that address will not be able to see |
| the content covered by this directive. If, instead, you have a |
| machine name, rather than an IP address, you can use that.</p> |
| |
| <div class="example"><p><code> |
| Require not host <var>host.example.com</var> |
| </code></p></div> |
| |
| <p>And, if you'd like to block access from an entire domain, |
| you can specify just part of an address or domain name:</p> |
| |
| <div class="example"><p><code> |
| Require not ip <var>192.168.205</var><br /> |
| Require not host <var>phishers.example.com</var> <var>moreidiots.example</var><br /> |
| Require not gov |
| </code></p></div> |
| |
| <p>Use of the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall">RequireAll</a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireany">RequireAny</a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#requirenone">RequireNone</a></code> directives may be |
| used to enforce more complex sets of requirements.</p> |
| |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="env" id="env">Access control by arbitrary variables</a></h2> |
| |
| <p>Using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>, |
| you can allow or deny access based on arbitrary environment |
| variables or request header values. For example, to deny access |
| based on user-agent (the browser type) you might do the |
| following:</p> |
| |
| <div class="example"><p><code> |
| <If "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT} = 'BadBot'"><br /> |
| <span class="indent"> |
| Require All Denied<br /> |
| </span> |
| </If> |
| </code></p></div> |
| |
| <div class="note"><h3>Warning:</h3> |
| <p>Access control by <code>User-Agent</code> is an unreliable technique, |
| since the <code>User-Agent</code> header can be set to anything at all, |
| at the whim of the end user.</p> |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>See <a href="../expr.html">the expressions document</a> for a |
| further discussion of what expression syntaxes and variables are |
| available to you.</p> |
| |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Access control with mod_rewrite</a></h2> |
| |
| <p>The <code>[F]</code> <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> flag causes a 403 Forbidden |
| response to be sent. Using this, you can deny access to a resource based |
| on arbitrary criteria.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example, if you wish to block access to a resource between 8pm |
| and 6am, you can do this using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="example"><p><code> |
| RewriteEngine On<br /> |
| RewriteCond %{TIME_HOUR} >20 [OR]<br /> |
| RewriteCond %{TIME_HOUR} <07<br /> |
| RewriteRule ^/fridge - [F] |
| </code></p></div> |
| |
| <p>This will return a 403 Forbidden response for any request after 8pm |
| or before 7am. This technique can be used for any criteria that you wish |
| to check. You can also redirect, or otherwise rewrite these requests, if |
| that approach is preferred.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code> directive, |
| added in 2.4, replaces many things that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> has |
| traditionally been used to do, and you should probably look there first |
| before resorting to mod_rewrite.</p> |
| |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="moreinformation" id="moreinformation">More information</a></h2> |
| |
| <p>The <a href="../expr.html">expression engine</a> gives you a |
| great deal of power to do a variety of things based on arbitrary |
| server variables, and you should consult that document for more |
| detail.</p> |
| |
| <p>Also, you should read the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> |
| documentation for examples of combining multiple access requirements |
| and specifying how they interact.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also the <a href="auth.html">Authentication and Authorization</a> |
| howto.</p> |
| </div></div> |
| <div class="bottomlang"> |
| <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/access.html" title="English"> en </a></p> |
| </div><div id="footer"> |
| <p class="apache">Copyright 2011 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> |
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