docs/manual/invoking.xml.ru

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<manualpage metafile="invoking.xml.meta">

  <title>úÁÐÕÓË Apache</title>

<summary>
    <p>îÁ Windows ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ Apache ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ Windows NT/2000/XP
    ÉÌÉ ËÁË ËÏÎÓÏÌØÎÏÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ Windows 95/ME. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ
    ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÍ, ÏÂßÑÓÎÑÀÝÉÍ <a
    href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Apache ÐÏÄ Windows × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ</a> É
    <a href="platform/windows.xml#wincons">ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Apache ÐÏÄ Windows × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ËÏÎÓÏÌØÎÏÇÏ
    ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ</a>.</p>

    <p>÷ Unix ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <a href="programs/httpd.html">httpd</a> ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ
    ÄÅÍÏÎÁ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÅÇÏÓÑ × ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ É ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÀÝÅÇÏ ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÀÝÉÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ.
    ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ <code>httpd</code> É ÞÔÏ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ
    ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÓÑ, É ÒÁÓÓËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÅ.</p>
</summary>

<seealso><a href="stopping.html">ïÓÔÁÎÏ× É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓË</a></seealso>
<seealso><a href="programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></seealso>
<seealso><a href="programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></seealso>

<section id="startup"><title>þÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ Apache</title>

    <p>åÓÌÉ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ×Å <directive module="mpm_common">Listen</directive>
    × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ 80 (ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ)
    ÉÌÉ ÌÀÂÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ 1024, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ Apache,
    ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, ÔÁË ËÁË Apache ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ
    ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÌÓÑ
    É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌ ÒÑÄ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÅ Ó×ÏÉÈ log - ÆÁÊÌÏ×,
    ÏÎ ÐÏÒÏÖÄÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ <em>ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× ÐÏÔÏÍËÏ×</em>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ É ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ
    ×ÓÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÐÏ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÏÔ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×. ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ <code>httpd</code>
    ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ
    ÐÏÔÏÍËÉ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÍÅÎØÛÉÊ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔ. ÷ÓÅ ÜÔÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ <a href="mpm.html">íð -
    ÍÏÄÕÌÅÍ</a>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ.</p>

    <p>äÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÄÅÍÏÎÁ <code>httpd</code> ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓËÒÉÐÔ
    <a href="programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a>. üÔÏÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
    ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÐÏÄ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ
    ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ <code>httpd</code>.
    óËÒÉÐÔ <code>apachectl</code> ÐÅÒÅÄÁÓÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÌÀÂÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ,
    ÐÒÉ ×ÙÚÏ×Å ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ × ÅÇÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ×ÓÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÏÐÃÉÉ.
    ÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ×ÎÅÓÔÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ÓËÒÉÐÔ <code>apachectl</code>,
    × ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <code>HTTPD</code> ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ Apache
    ÉÚ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ, É ÕËÁÚÁ× ÏÐÃÉÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ <em>ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ</em>
    ÐÒÉ ÅÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ.</p>

    <p>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ <code>httpd</code> ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ É ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÅÔ <a href="configuring.html">ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ
    ÆÁÊÌ</a> <code>httpd.conf</code>. ðÕÔØ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÕ ÚÁÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÅÝÅ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ,
    ÎÏ ÅÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ É ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ× ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <code>-f</code>, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ
    × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ</p>

<example>/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -f
      /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</example>

    <p>åÓÌÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÎÅ ×ÏÚÎÉËÌÏ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, ÔÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÏÔÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔÓÑ
    ÏÔ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ É ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ××ÏÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ×ÅÒÎÅÔÓÑ Ë ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ
    ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÍÇÎÏ×ÅÎÎÏ. üÔÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÌÓÑ É ÔÅÐÅÒØ
    ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ Ó×ÏÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë
    ÎÅÍÕ É Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÕÀ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÕÀÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
    <directive module="core">DocumentRoot</directive>, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ,
    ÓÓÙÌËÕ ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×Ù ÎÁÊÄÅÔÅ ÎÁ ÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ.</p>
</section>

<section id="errors"><title>ïÛÉÂËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ</title>

    <p>åÓÌÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ Apache ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄÅÔ ËÁËÁÑ-ÌÉÂÏ ÆÁÔÁÌØÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ,
    ÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ, ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÏÛÌÅÔ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ ÉÌÉ ×
    <directive module="core">ErrorLog</directive> ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÅÅ
    ÄÁÎÎÕÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ. îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅÍ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
    <code>"Unable to bind to Port ..."</code>. ðÏÄÏÂÎÁÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ × Ä×ÕÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ:</p>

    <ul>
      <li>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÙÔÁÅÔÅÓØ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÔÕ, ÂÕÄÕÞÉ ÚÁÒÅÇÅÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ
      × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ; ÉÌÉ</li>

      <li>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÙÔÁÅÔÅÓØ ÚÁÐÕÓÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ËÏÇÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÕÖÅ ÅÓÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÄÅÍÏÎ Apache
      ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ web-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ÓÌÕÛÁÀÝÉÊ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ</li>
    </ul>

    <p>òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
    <a href="faq/">FAQ</a>.</p>
</section>

<section id="boot"><title>úÁÐÕÓË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ ×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</title>

    <p>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
    ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ×ÙÚÏ× ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ <code>apachectl</code> × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÀÝÉÅ ÚÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ
    ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÒÅÄÙ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ <code>rc.local</code> ÉÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <code>rc.N</code>).
    üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë ÚÁÐÕÓËÕ Apache ÏÔ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
    ÷Ï ÉÚÂÅÖÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.</p>

    <p>óËÒÉÐÔ <code>apachectl</code> ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎ ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ
    ÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ËÁË ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ init-ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ SysV; ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ
    ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÙ <code>start</code>, <code>restart</code>, É <code>stop</code>
    É ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÉÔØ ÉÈ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÙ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ <code>httpd</code>.
    ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÞÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÁÍ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÓÙÌËÕ ÎÁ <code>apachectl</code>
    × ÚÁÐÕÓËÎÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ init. îÏ ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÕÚÎÁÊÔÅ
    ÔÏÞÎÙÅ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</p>
</section>

<section id="info"><title>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ</title>

    <p>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÏÐÃÉÑÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ <a href="programs/httpd.html">httpd</a>
    É <a href="programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a>, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
    ×ÓÐÏÍÏÇÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ <a href="programs/">"óÅÒ×ÅÒ
    É ×ÓÐÏÍÏÇÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ"</a>. éÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ <a href="mod/directives.html">ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ</a>
    ÎÁ ×ÓÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ, ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× Apache, É ×ÓÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÉ×Ù, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÎÉ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ.</p>
</section>

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