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| <title>Starting Apache - Apache HTTP Server</title> |
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| <body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> |
| <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> |
| <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p> |
| <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div> |
| <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div id="path"> |
| <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.3</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Starting Apache</h1> |
| <div class="toplang"> |
| <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | |
| <a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English"> en </a> | |
| <a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | |
| <a href="./ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | |
| <a href="./ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p> |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>On Windows, Apache is normally run as a service on Windows |
| NT, 2000 and XP, or as a console application on Windows 9x and |
| ME. For details, see <a href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">Running Apache as a Service</a> |
| and <a href="platform/windows.html#wincons">Running Apache as a |
| Console Application</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>On Unix, the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> program |
| is run as a daemon that executes continuously in the |
| background to handle requests. This document describes how |
| to invoke <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#startup">How Apache Starts</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#errors">Errors During Start-up</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#info">Additional Information</a></li> |
| </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</a></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code></li></ul></div> |
| <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="startup" id="startup">How Apache Starts</a></h2> |
| |
| <p>If the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> |
| specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other |
| port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in |
| order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged |
| port. Once the server has started and performed a few preliminary |
| activities such as opening its log files, it will launch several |
| <em>child</em> processes which do the work of listening for and |
| answering requests from clients. The main <code>httpd</code> |
| process continues to run as the root user, but the child processes |
| run as a less privileged user. This is controlled by the selected |
| <a href="mpm.html">Multi-Processing Module</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>The recommended method of invoking the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> |
| executable is to use the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> control script. This |
| script sets certain environment variables that are necessary for |
| <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> to function correctly under some operating |
| systems, and then invokes the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary. |
| <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> will pass through any command line |
| arguments, so any <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> options may also be used with |
| <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code>. You may also directly edit the |
| <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script by changing the <code>HTTPD</code> |
| variable near the top to specify the correct location of the |
| <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary and any command-line arguments that you |
| wish to be <em>always</em> present.</p> |
| |
| <p>The first thing that <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> does when it is |
| invoked is to locate and read the <a href="configuring.html">configuration file</a> |
| <code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at |
| compile-time, but it is possible to specify its location at run |
| time using the <code>-f</code> command-line option as in</p> |
| |
| <div class="example"><p><code>/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -f |
| /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code></p></div> |
| |
| <p>If all goes well during startup, the server will detach from |
| the terminal and the command prompt will return almost |
| immediately. This indicates that the server is up and running. |
| You can then use your browser to connect to the server and view |
| the test page in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directory |
| and the local copy of the documentation linked from that |
| page.</p> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="errors" id="errors">Errors During Start-up</a></h2> |
| |
| <p>If Apache suffers a fatal problem during startup, it will |
| write a message describing the problem either to the console or |
| to the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> before |
| exiting. One of the most common error messages is "<code>Unable |
| to bind to Port ...</code>". This message is usually caused by |
| either:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Trying to start the server on a privileged port when not |
| logged in as the root user; or</li> |
| |
| <li>Trying to start the server when there is another instance |
| of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same |
| Port.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>For further trouble-shooting instructions, consult the |
| Apache <a href="faq/">FAQ</a>.</p> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="boot" id="boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></h2> |
| |
| <p>If you want your server to continue running after a system |
| reboot, you should add a call to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> to your |
| system startup files (typically <code>rc.local</code> or a file in |
| an <code>rc.N</code> directory). This will start Apache as |
| root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly |
| configured for security and access restrictions.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script is designed to act like a |
| standard SysV init script; it can take the arguments |
| <code>start</code>, <code>restart</code>, and <code>stop</code> |
| and translate them into the appropriate signals to |
| <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. So you can often simply link |
| <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> into the appropriate init directory. But be |
| sure to check the exact requirements of your system.</p> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="info" id="info">Additional Information</a></h2> |
| |
| <p>Additional information about the command-line options of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> and <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> as well as other support |
| programs included with the server is available on the |
| <a href="programs/">Server and Supporting Programs</a> page. |
| There is also documentation on all the <a href="mod/">modules</a> included with the Apache distribution |
| and the <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> that they |
| provide.</p> |
| </div></div> |
| <div class="bottomlang"> |
| <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | |
| <a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English"> en </a> | |
| <a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | |
| <a href="./ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | |
| <a href="./ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p> |
| </div><div id="footer"> |
| <p class="apache">Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> |
| <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div> |
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