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| <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> |
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| <div id="page-content"> |
| <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_macro</h1> |
| <div class="toplang"> |
| <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English"> en </a> | |
| <a href="../fr/mod/mod_macro.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides macros within apache httpd runtime configuration files</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>macro_module</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_macro.c</td></tr></table> |
| <h3>Summary</h3> |
| |
| |
| <p>Provides macros within Apache httpd runtime configuration files, |
| to ease the process of creating numerous similar configuration |
| blocks. When the server starts up, the macros are expanded using the |
| provided parameters, and the result is processed as along with the |
| rest of the configuration file.</p> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><h3>Topics</h3> |
| <ul id="topics"> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usage">Usage</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#tips">Tips</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li> |
| </ul><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3> |
| <ul id="toc"> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro"><Macro></a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#use">Use</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3>Bugfix checklist</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/CHANGES_2.4">httpd changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&list_id=144532&product=Apache%20httpd-2&query_format=specific&order=changeddate%20DESC%2Cpriority%2Cbug_severity&component=mod_macro">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi?product=Apache%20httpd-2&component=mod_macro">Report a bug</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3> |
| <ul class="seealso"> |
| <li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> |
| <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="usage" id="usage">Usage</a></h2> |
| |
| <p>Macros are defined using <code class="directive"><a href="#macro"><Macro></a></code> blocks, which contain the portion of |
| your configuration that needs to be repeated, complete with variables |
| for those parts that will need to be substituted.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example, you might use a macro to define a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> block, in order to define |
| multiple similar virtual hosts:</p> |
| |
| <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro VHost $name $domain> |
| <VirtualHost *:80> |
| ServerName $domain |
| ServerAlias www.$domain |
| |
| DocumentRoot "/var/www/vhosts/$name" |
| ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/$name.error_log" |
| CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/$name.access_log" combined |
| </VirtualHost> |
| </Macro></pre> |
| |
| |
| <p>Macro names are case-insensitive, like httpd configuration |
| directives. However, variable names are case sensitive.</p> |
| |
| <p>You would then invoke this macro several times to create virtual |
| hosts:</p> |
| |
| <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Use VHost example example.com |
| Use VHost myhost hostname.org |
| Use VHost apache apache.org |
| |
| UndefMacro VHost</pre> |
| |
| |
| <p>At server startup time, each of these <code class="directive"><a href="#use">Use</a></code> |
| invocations would be expanded into a full virtualhost, as |
| described by the <code class="directive"><a href="#macro"><Macro></a></code> |
| definition.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></code> directive is |
| used so that later macros using the same variable names don't result in |
| conflicting definitions.</p> |
| |
| <p>A more elaborate version of this example may be seen below in the |
| Examples section.</p> |
| |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="tips" id="tips">Tips</a></h2> |
| |
| <p>Parameter names should begin with a sigil such as <code>$</code>, |
| <code>%</code>, or <code>@</code>, so that they are clearly |
| identifiable, and also in order to help deal with interactions with |
| other directives, such as the core <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> directive. Failure to do so will |
| result in a warning. Nevertheless, you are encouraged to have a good |
| knowledge of your entire server configuration in order to avoid reusing |
| the same variables in different scopes, which can cause confusion.</p> |
| |
| <p>Parameters prefixed with either <code>$</code> or <code>%</code> are |
| not escaped. Parameters prefixes with <code>@</code> are escaped in |
| quotes.</p> |
| |
| <p>Avoid using a parameter which contains another parameter as a prefix, |
| (For example, <code>$win</code> and <code>$winter</code>) as this may |
| cause confusion at expression evaluation time. In the event of such |
| confusion, the longest possible parameter name is used.</p> |
| |
| <p>If you want to use a value within another string, it is useful to |
| surround the parameter in braces, to avoid confusion:</p> |
| |
| <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro DocRoot ${docroot}> |
| DocumentRoot "/var/www/${docroot}/htdocs" |
| </Macro></pre> |
| |
| |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Virtual Host Definition</h3> |
| |
| |
| <p>A common usage of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code> is for the creation of |
| dynamically-generated virtual hosts.</p> |
| |
| <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">## Define a VHost Macro for repetitive configurations |
| |
| <Macro VHost $host $port $dir> |
| Listen $port |
| <VirtualHost *:$port> |
| |
| ServerName $host |
| DocumentRoot "$dir" |
| |
| # Public document root |
| <Directory "$dir"> |
| Require all granted |
| </Directory> |
| |
| # limit access to intranet subdir. |
| <Directory "$dir/intranet"> |
| Require ip 10.0.0.0/8 |
| </Directory> |
| </VirtualHost> |
| </Macro> |
| |
| ## Use of VHost with different arguments. |
| |
| Use VHost www.apache.org 80 /vhosts/apache/htdocs |
| Use VHost example.org 8080 /vhosts/example/htdocs |
| Use VHost www.example.fr 1234 /vhosts/example.fr/htdocs</pre> |
| |
| |
| |
| <h3>Removal of a macro definition</h3> |
| |
| |
| <p>It's recommended that you undefine a macro once you've used it. This |
| avoids confusion in a complex configuration file where there may be |
| conflicts in variable names.</p> |
| |
| <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro DirGroup $dir $group> |
| <Directory "$dir"> |
| Require group $group |
| </Directory> |
| </Macro> |
| |
| Use DirGroup /www/apache/private private |
| Use DirGroup /www/apache/server admin |
| |
| UndefMacro DirGroup</pre> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Macro" id="Macro"><Macro></a> <a name="macro" id="macro">Directive</a></h2> |
| <table class="directive"> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Define a configuration file macro</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code> |
| <Macro <var>name</var> [<var>par1</var> .. <var>parN</var>]> |
| ... </Macro></code></td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr> |
| </table> |
| <p>The <code class="directive"><Macro></code> directive controls the |
| definition of a macro within the server runtime configuration files. |
| The first argument is the name of the macro. |
| Other arguments are parameters to the macro. It is good practice to prefix |
| parameter names with any of '<code>$%@</code>', and not macro names |
| with such characters. |
| </p> |
| |
| <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro LocalAccessPolicy> |
| Require ip 10.2.16.0/24 |
| </Macro> |
| |
| <Macro RestrictedAccessPolicy $ipnumbers> |
| Require ip $ipnumbers |
| </Macro></pre> |
| |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="UndefMacro" id="UndefMacro">UndefMacro</a> <a name="undefmacro" id="undefmacro">Directive</a></h2> |
| <table class="directive"> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Undefine a macro</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>UndefMacro <var>name</var></code></td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr> |
| </table> |
| <p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive undefines a macro |
| which has been defined before hand.</p> |
| |
| <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UndefMacro LocalAccessPolicy |
| UndefMacro RestrictedAccessPolicy</pre> |
| |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Use" id="Use">Use</a> <a name="use" id="use">Directive</a></h2> |
| <table class="directive"> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use a macro</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Use <var>name</var> [<var>value1</var> ... <var>valueN</var>] |
| </code></td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr> |
| <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr> |
| </table> |
| <p>The <code class="directive">Use</code> directive controls the use of a macro. |
| The specified macro is expanded. It must be given the same number of |
| arguments as in the macro definition. The provided values are |
| associated to their corresponding initial parameters and are substituted |
| before processing.</p> |
| |
| <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Use LocalAccessPolicy |
| ... |
| Use RestrictedAccessPolicy "192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24"</pre> |
| |
| |
| <p>is equivalent, with the macros defined above, to:</p> |
| |
| <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require ip 10.2.16.0/24 |
| ... |
| Require ip 192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24</pre> |
| |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
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