2.4.x-mod_md/docs/manual/mod/mod_cgi.xml

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<modulesynopsis metafile="mod_cgi.xml.meta">

<name>mod_cgi</name>
<description>Execution of CGI scripts</description>
<status>Base</status>
<sourcefile>mod_cgi.c</sourcefile>
<identifier>cgi_module</identifier>

<summary>
    <p>Any file that has the handler
    <code>cgi-script</code> will be treated
    as a CGI script, and run by the server, with its output being
    returned to the client. Files acquire this handler either by
    having a name containing an extension defined by the
    <directive module="mod_mime">AddHandler</directive> directive, or by being
    in a <directive module="mod_alias">ScriptAlias</directive>
    directory.</p>

    <p>For an introduction to using CGI scripts with Apache, see
    our tutorial on <a href="../howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content
    With CGI</a>.</p>

    <p>When using a multi-threaded MPM under unix, the module
    <module>mod_cgid</module> should be used in place of
    this module. At the user level, the two modules are essentially
    identical.</p>

    <p>For backward-compatibility, the cgi-script handler will also be activated
    for any file with the mime-type <code>application/x-httpd-cgi</code>. The
    use of the magic mime-type is deprecated.</p>
</summary>

<seealso><directive module="core">AcceptPathInfo</directive></seealso>
<seealso><directive module="core">Options</directive> ExecCGI</seealso>
<seealso><directive module="mod_alias">ScriptAlias</directive></seealso>
<seealso><directive module="mod_mime">AddHandler</directive></seealso>
<seealso><a href="../suexec.html">Running CGI programs under different
    user IDs</a></seealso>
<seealso><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">CGI Specification</a></seealso>

<section id="env"><title>CGI Environment variables</title>
    <p>The server will set the CGI environment variables as described
    in the <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">CGI specification</a>,
    with the following provisions:</p>

    <dl>
      <dt>PATH_INFO</dt>

      <dd>This will not be available if the <directive module="core"
      >AcceptPathInfo</directive> directive is explicitly set to
      <code>off</code>.  The default behavior, if <directive
      >AcceptPathInfo</directive> is not given, is that <module
      >mod_cgi</module> will accept path info (trailing <code>
      /more/path/info</code> following the script filename in the URI),
      while the core server will return a 404 NOT FOUND error for requests
      with additional path info. Omitting the <directive
      >AcceptPathInfo</directive> directive has the same effect as setting
      it <code>On</code> for <module>mod_cgi</module> requests.</dd>

      <dt>REMOTE_HOST</dt>

      <dd>This will only be set if <directive module="core"
      >HostnameLookups</directive> is set to <code>on</code> (it
      is off by default), and if a reverse DNS lookup of the accessing
      host's address indeed finds a host name.</dd>

      <dt>REMOTE_IDENT</dt>

      <dd>This will only be set if <directive module="mod_ident"
      >IdentityCheck</directive> is set to
      <code>on</code> and the accessing host supports the ident
      protocol. Note that the contents of this variable cannot be
      relied upon because it can easily be faked, and if there is a
      proxy between the client and the server, it is usually
      totally useless.</dd>

      <dt>REMOTE_USER</dt>

      <dd>This will only be set if the CGI script is subject to
      authentication.</dd>

    </dl>
    <p>This module also leverages the core functions 
       <a href="https://ci.apache.org/projects/httpd/trunk/doxygen/group__APACHE__CORE__SCRIPT.html#ga0e81f9571a8a73f5da0e89e1f46d34b1">ap_add_common_vars</a> and 
       <a href="https://ci.apache.org/projects/httpd/trunk/doxygen/group__APACHE__CORE__SCRIPT.html#ga6b975cd7ff27a338cb8752381a4cc14f">ap_add_cgi_vars</a> 
       to add environment variables like:</p> 
       <dl>
           <dt>DOCUMENT_ROOT</dt>

           <dd>Set with the content of the related <directive module="core">DocumentRoot</directive> directive.</dd>

           <dt>SERVER_NAME</dt>

           <dd>The fully qualified domain name related to the request.</dd>

           <dt>SERVER_ADDR</dt>

           <dd>The IP address of the Virtual Host serving the request.</dd>

           <dt>SERVER_ADMIN</dt>

           <dd>Set with the content of the related <directive module="core">ServerAdmin</directive> directive.</dd>
      </dl>
    <p>For an exhaustive list it is suggested to write a basic CGI script 
       that dumps all the environment variables passed by Apache in a convenient format.
    </p>   
</section>

<section id="cgi-debug"><title>CGI Debugging</title>
    <p>Debugging CGI scripts has traditionally been difficult, mainly
    because it has not been possible to study the output (standard
    output and error) for scripts which are failing to run
    properly. These directives provide more detailed logging of errors
    when they occur.</p>

    <section><title>CGI Logfile Format</title>
      <p>When configured, the CGI error log logs any CGI which does not
      execute properly. Each CGI script which fails to operate causes
      several lines of information to be logged. The first two lines
      are always of the format:</p>

      <example>
        %% [<var>time</var>] <var>request-line</var><br />
        %% <var>HTTP-status</var> <var>CGI-script-filename</var>
      </example>

      <p>If the error is that CGI script cannot be run, the log file
      will contain an extra two lines:</p>

      <example>
        %%error<br />
        <var>error-message</var>
      </example>

      <p>Alternatively, if the error is the result of the script
      returning incorrect header information (often due to a bug in
      the script), the following information is logged:</p>

      <example>
        %request<br />
        <var>All HTTP request headers received</var><br />
        <var>POST or PUT entity (if any)</var><br />
        %response<br />
        <var>All headers output by the CGI script</var><br />
        %stdout<br />
        <var>CGI standard output</var><br />
        %stderr<br />
        <var>CGI standard error</var><br />
      </example>

      <p>(The %stdout and %stderr parts may be missing if the script did
      not output anything on standard output or standard error).</p>
    </section>
</section>

<directivesynopsis>
<name>ScriptLog</name>
<description>Location of the CGI script error logfile</description>
<syntax>ScriptLog <var>file-path</var></syntax>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<modulelist><module>mod_cgi</module><module>mod_cgid</module>
</modulelist>

<usage>
    <p>The <directive>ScriptLog</directive> directive sets the CGI
    script error logfile. If no <directive>ScriptLog</directive> is given,
    no error log is created. If given, any CGI errors are logged into the
    filename given as argument. If this is a relative file or path it is
    taken relative to the <directive module="core">ServerRoot</directive>.
    </p>

    <example><title>Example</title>
    <highlight language="config">
      ScriptLog logs/cgi_log
    </highlight>
    </example>

    <p>This log will be opened as the user the child processes run
    as, <em>i.e.</em> the user specified in the main <directive
    module="mod_unixd">User</directive> directive. This means that
    either the directory the script log is in needs to be writable
    by that user or the file needs to be manually created and set
    to be writable by that user. If you place the script log in
    your main logs directory, do <strong>NOT</strong> change the
    directory permissions to make it writable by the user the child
    processes run as.</p>

    <p>Note that script logging is meant to be a debugging feature
    when writing CGI scripts, and is not meant to be activated
    continuously on running servers. It is not optimized for speed
    or efficiency, and may have security problems if used in a
    manner other than that for which it was designed.</p>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>

<directivesynopsis>
<name>ScriptLogLength</name>
<description>Size limit of the CGI script logfile</description>
<syntax>ScriptLogLength <var>bytes</var></syntax>
<default>ScriptLogLength 10385760</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<modulelist><module>mod_cgi</module><module>mod_cgid</module>
</modulelist>

<usage>
    <p><directive>ScriptLogLength</directive> can be used to limit the
    size of the CGI script logfile. Since the logfile logs a lot of
    information per CGI error (all request headers, all script output)
    it can grow to be a big file. To prevent problems due to unbounded
    growth, this directive can be used to set an maximum file-size for
    the CGI logfile. If the file exceeds this size, no more
    information will be written to it.</p>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>

<directivesynopsis>
<name>ScriptLogBuffer</name>
<description>Maximum amount of PUT or POST requests that will be recorded
in the scriptlog</description>
<syntax>ScriptLogBuffer <var>bytes</var></syntax>
<default>ScriptLogBuffer 1024</default>
<contextlist><context>server config</context>
<context>virtual host</context></contextlist>
<modulelist><module>mod_cgi</module><module>mod_cgid</module>
</modulelist>

<usage>
    <p>The size of any PUT or POST entity body that is logged to
    the file is limited, to prevent the log file growing too big
    too quickly if large bodies are being received. By default, up
    to 1024 bytes are logged, but this can be changed with this
    directive.</p>
</usage>
</directivesynopsis>

</modulesynopsis>