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 <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
 <img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
 <div id="path">
 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> &gt; <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4>
             <p>This document refers to the <strong>2.2</strong> version of Apache httpd, which is no longer maintained. The active release is documented <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current">here</a>. If you have not already upgraded, please follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/upgrading.html">this link</a> for more information.</p>
         <p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/rewrite/vhosts.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite</h1>
 <div class="toplang">
 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
 </div>


 <p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
 <a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes
 how you can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to create dynamically
 configured virtual hosts.</p>

 <div class="warning">mod_rewrite is not the best way to configure
 virtual hosts. You should first consider the <a href="../vhosts/mass.html">alternatives</a> before resorting to
 mod_rewrite. See also the "<a href="avoid.html#vhosts">how to avoid
 mod_rewrite</a> document.</div>

 </div>
 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple.rewrite">Dynamic
     Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></li>
 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li><li><a href="remapping.html">Redirection and remapping</a></li><li><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></li><li><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></li><li><a href="rewritemap.html">RewriteMap</a></li><li><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques and tricks</a></li><li><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="per-hostname" id="per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></h2>


   <dl>
     <dt>Description:</dt>

     <dd>
     <p>We want to automatically create a virtual host for every hostname
     which resolves in our domain, without having to create
     new VirtualHost sections.</p>

     <p>In this recipe, we assume that we'll be using the hostname
     <code>www.<strong>SITE</strong>.example.com</code> for each
     user, and serve their content out of
     <code>/home/<strong>SITE</strong>/www</code>.</p>
     </dd>

     <dt>Solution:</dt>

     <dd>

 <div class="example"><p><code>
 RewriteEngine on<br />
 <br />
 RewriteMap    lowercase int:tolower<br />
 <br />
 RewriteCond   %{lowercase:%{<strong>HTTP_HOST</strong>}}   ^www\.<strong>([^.]+)</strong>\.example\.com$<br />
 RewriteRule   ^(.*) /home/<strong>%1</strong>/www$1
 </code></p></div></dd>

 <dt>Discussion</dt>
     <dd>

     <div class="warning">You will need to take care of the DNS
     resolution - Apache does
     not handle name resolution. You'll need either to create CNAME
     records for each hostname, or a DNS wildcard record. Creating DNS
     records is beyond the scope of this document.</div>

 <p>The internal <code>tolower</code> RewriteMap directive is used to
 ensure that the hostnames being used are all lowercase, so that there is
 no ambiguity in the directory structure which must be created.</p>

 <p>Parentheses used in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> are captured into the
 backreferences <code>%1</code>, <code>%2</code>, etc, while parentheses
 used in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> are
 captured into the backreferences <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>,
 etc.</p>

 <p>
 As with many techniques discussed in this document, mod_rewrite really
 isn't the best way to accomplish this task. You should, instead,
 consider using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> instead, as it will much
 more gracefully handle anything beyond serving static files, such as any
 dynamic content, and Alias resolution.
 </p>
     </dd>
   </dl>

 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="simple.rewrite" id="simple.rewrite">Dynamic
     Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></h2>

     <p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> does the same
     thing as <a href="#per-hostname">the first example</a>. The first
     half is very similar to the corresponding part above, except for
     some changes, required for backward compatibility and to make the
     <code>mod_rewrite</code> part work properly; the second half
     configures <code>mod_rewrite</code> to do the actual work.</p>

     <p>Because <code>mod_rewrite</code> runs before other URI translation
     modules (e.g., <code>mod_alias</code>), <code>mod_rewrite</code> must
     be told to explicitly ignore any URLs that would have been handled
     by those modules. And, because these rules would otherwise bypass
     any <code>ScriptAlias</code> directives, we must have
     <code>mod_rewrite</code> explicitly enact those mappings.</p>

 <div class="example"><p><code>
 # get the server name from the Host: header<br />
 UseCanonicalName Off<br />
 <br />
 # splittable logs<br />
 LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br />
 CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br />
 <br />
 &lt;Directory /www/hosts&gt;<br />
 <span class="indent">
     # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force<br />
     # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does<br />
     Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI<br />
 </span>
 &lt;/Directory&gt;<br />
 <br />
 RewriteEngine On<br />
 <br />
 # a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all<br />
 RewriteMap  lowercase  int:tolower<br />
 <br />
 ## deal with normal documents first:<br />
 # allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases<br />
 RewriteCond  %{REQUEST_URI}  !^/icons/<br />
 # allow CGIs to work<br />
 RewriteCond  %{REQUEST_URI}  !^/cgi-bin/<br />
 # do the magic<br />
 RewriteRule  ^/(.*)$  /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1<br />
 <br />
 ## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a handler<br />
 RewriteCond  %{REQUEST_URI}  ^/cgi-bin/<br />
 RewriteRule  ^/(.*)$  /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1  [H=cgi-script]<br />
 </code></p></div>

 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="xtra-conf" id="xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></h2>

     <p>This arrangement uses more advanced <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
     features to work out the translation from virtual host to document
     root, from a separate configuration file. This provides more
     flexibility, but requires more complicated configuration.</p>

     <p>The <code>vhost.map</code> file should look something like
     this:</p>

 <div class="example"><p><code>
 customer-1.example.com  /www/customers/1<br />
 customer-2.example.com  /www/customers/2<br />
 # ...<br />
 customer-N.example.com  /www/customers/N<br />
 </code></p></div>

     <p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> should contain the following:</p>

 <div class="example"><p><code>
 RewriteEngine on<br />
 <br />
 RewriteMap   lowercase  int:tolower<br />
 <br />
 # define the map file<br />
 RewriteMap   vhost      txt:/www/conf/vhost.map<br />
 <br />
 # deal with aliases as above<br />
 RewriteCond  %{REQUEST_URI}               !^/icons/<br />
 RewriteCond  %{REQUEST_URI}               !^/cgi-bin/<br />
 RewriteCond  ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}  ^(.+)$<br />
 # this does the file-based remap<br />
 RewriteCond  ${vhost:%1}                  ^(/.*)$<br />
 RewriteRule  ^/(.*)$                      %1/docs/$1<br />
 <br />
 RewriteCond  %{REQUEST_URI}               ^/cgi-bin/<br />
 RewriteCond  ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}  ^(.+)$<br />
 RewriteCond  ${vhost:%1}                  ^(/.*)$<br />
 RewriteRule  ^/(.*)$                      %1/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]
 </code></p></div>

 </div></div>
 <div class="bottomlang">
 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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	<title>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</title>
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	<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
	<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> \| <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> \| <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> \| <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> \| <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
	<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
	<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
	<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
	<div id="path">
	<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> > <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4>
	<p>This document refers to the <strong>2.2</strong> version of Apache httpd, which is no longer maintained. The active release is documented <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current">here</a>. If you have not already upgraded, please follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/upgrading.html">this link</a> for more information.</p>
	<p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/rewrite/vhosts.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite</h1>
	<div class="toplang">
	<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
	</div>


	<p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
	<a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes
	how you can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to create dynamically
	configured virtual hosts.</p>

	<div class="warning">mod_rewrite is not the best way to configure
	virtual hosts. You should first consider the <a href="../vhosts/mass.html">alternatives</a> before resorting to
	mod_rewrite. See also the "<a href="avoid.html#vhosts">how to avoid
	mod_rewrite</a> document.</div>

	</div>
	<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple.rewrite">Dynamic
	Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></li>
	</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li><li><a href="remapping.html">Redirection and remapping</a></li><li><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></li><li><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></li><li><a href="rewritemap.html">RewriteMap</a></li><li><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques and tricks</a></li><li><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
	<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="per-hostname" id="per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></h2>



	<dl>
	<dt>Description:</dt>

	<dd>
	<p>We want to automatically create a virtual host for every hostname
	which resolves in our domain, without having to create
	new VirtualHost sections.</p>

	<p>In this recipe, we assume that we'll be using the hostname
	<code>www.<strong>SITE</strong>.example.com</code> for each
	user, and serve their content out of
	<code>/home/<strong>SITE</strong>/www</code>.</p>
	</dd>

	<dt>Solution:</dt>

	<dd>

	<div class="example"><p><code>
	RewriteEngine on<br />
	<br />
	RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
	<br />
	RewriteCond %{lowercase:%{<strong>HTTP_HOST</strong>}} ^www\.<strong>([^.]+)</strong>\.example\.com$<br />
	RewriteRule ^(.*) /home/<strong>%1</strong>/www$1
	</code></p></div></dd>

	<dt>Discussion</dt>
	<dd>

	<div class="warning">You will need to take care of the DNS
	resolution - Apache does
	not handle name resolution. You'll need either to create CNAME
	records for each hostname, or a DNS wildcard record. Creating DNS
	records is beyond the scope of this document.</div>

	<p>The internal <code>tolower</code> RewriteMap directive is used to
	ensure that the hostnames being used are all lowercase, so that there is
	no ambiguity in the directory structure which must be created.</p>

	<p>Parentheses used in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> are captured into the
	backreferences <code>%1</code>, <code>%2</code>, etc, while parentheses
	used in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> are
	captured into the backreferences <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>,
	etc.</p>

	<p>
	As with many techniques discussed in this document, mod_rewrite really
	isn't the best way to accomplish this task. You should, instead,
	consider using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> instead, as it will much
	more gracefully handle anything beyond serving static files, such as any
	dynamic content, and Alias resolution.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>

	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="simple.rewrite" id="simple.rewrite">Dynamic
	Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></h2>

	<p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> does the same
	thing as <a href="#per-hostname">the first example</a>. The first
	half is very similar to the corresponding part above, except for
	some changes, required for backward compatibility and to make the
	<code>mod_rewrite</code> part work properly; the second half
	configures <code>mod_rewrite</code> to do the actual work.</p>

	<p>Because <code>mod_rewrite</code> runs before other URI translation
	modules (e.g., <code>mod_alias</code>), <code>mod_rewrite</code> must
	be told to explicitly ignore any URLs that would have been handled
	by those modules. And, because these rules would otherwise bypass
	any <code>ScriptAlias</code> directives, we must have
	<code>mod_rewrite</code> explicitly enact those mappings.</p>

	<div class="example"><p><code>
	# get the server name from the Host: header<br />
	UseCanonicalName Off<br />
	<br />
	# splittable logs<br />
	LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br />
	CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br />
	<br />
	<Directory /www/hosts><br />
	<span class="indent">
	# ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force<br />
	# CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does<br />
	Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI<br />
	</span>
	</Directory><br />
	<br />
	RewriteEngine On<br />
	<br />
	# a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all<br />
	RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
	<br />
	## deal with normal documents first:<br />
	# allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases<br />
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br />
	# allow CGIs to work<br />
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br />
	# do the magic<br />
	RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1<br />
	<br />
	## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a handler<br />
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br />
	RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]<br />
	</code></p></div>

	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="xtra-conf" id="xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></h2>

	<p>This arrangement uses more advanced <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
	features to work out the translation from virtual host to document
	root, from a separate configuration file. This provides more
	flexibility, but requires more complicated configuration.</p>

	<p>The <code>vhost.map</code> file should look something like
	this:</p>

	<div class="example"><p><code>
	customer-1.example.com /www/customers/1<br />
	customer-2.example.com /www/customers/2<br />
	# ...<br />
	customer-N.example.com /www/customers/N<br />
	</code></p></div>

	<p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> should contain the following:</p>

	<div class="example"><p><code>
	RewriteEngine on<br />
	<br />
	RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
	<br />
	# define the map file<br />
	RewriteMap vhost txt:/www/conf/vhost.map<br />
	<br />
	# deal with aliases as above<br />
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br />
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br />
	RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br />
	# this does the file-based remap<br />
	RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br />
	RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/docs/$1<br />
	<br />
	RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br />
	RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br />
	RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br />
	RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]
	</code></p></div>

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