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 <div id="page-content">
 <div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4>
             <p>This document refers to the <strong>2.0</strong> version of Apache httpd, which <strong>is no longer maintained</strong>. Upgrade, and refer to the current version of httpd instead, documented at:</p>
         <ul><li><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/">Current release version of Apache HTTP Server documentation</a></li></ul><p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime_magic.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_mime_magic</h1>
 <div class="toplang">
 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
 </div>
 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Determines the MIME type of a file
     by looking at a few bytes of its contents</td></tr>
 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module&#160;Identifier:</a></th><td>mime_magic_module</td></tr>
 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source&#160;File:</a></th><td>mod_mime_magic.c</td></tr></table>
 <h3>Summary</h3>

     <p>This module determines the MIME type of files in the same
     way the Unix <code>file(1)</code> command works: it looks at the first
     few bytes of the file. It is intended as a "second line of defense"
     for cases that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code> can't resolve.</p>

     <p>This module is derived from a free version of the
     <code>file(1)</code> command for Unix, which uses "magic
     numbers" and other hints from a file's contents to figure out
     what the contents are. This module is active only if the magic
     file is specified by the <code class="directive"><a href="#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code> directive.</p>
 </div>
 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
 <ul id="toc">
 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></li>
 </ul>
 <h3>Topics</h3>
 <ul id="topics">
 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#format">Format of the Magic File</a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#performance">Performance Issues</a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#notes">Notes</a></li>
 </ul></div>
 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="format" id="format">Format of the Magic File</a></h2>

     <p>The contents of the file are plain ASCII text in 4-5
     columns. Blank lines are allowed but ignored. Commented lines
     use a hash mark (<code>#</code>). The remaining lines are parsed for
     the following columns:</p>

     <table class="bordered"><tr class="header"><th>Column</th><th>Description</th></tr>
 <tr><td>1</td>
         <td>byte number to begin checking from<br />
          "<code>&gt;</code>" indicates a dependency upon the previous
          non-"<code>&gt;</code>" line</td></tr>
 <tr class="odd"><td>2</td>
         <td><p>type of data to match</p>
         <table class="bordered">

         <tr><td><code>byte</code></td>
             <td>single character</td></tr>
         <tr><td><code>short</code></td>
             <td>machine-order 16-bit integer</td></tr>
         <tr><td><code>long</code></td>
             <td>machine-order 32-bit integer</td></tr>
         <tr><td><code>string</code></td>
             <td>arbitrary-length string</td></tr>
         <tr><td><code>date</code></td>
             <td>long integer date (seconds since Unix epoch/1970)</td></tr>
         <tr><td><code>beshort</code></td>
             <td>big-endian 16-bit integer</td></tr>
         <tr><td><code>belong</code></td>
             <td>big-endian 32-bit integer</td></tr>
         <tr><td><code>bedate</code></td>
             <td>big-endian 32-bit integer date</td></tr>
         <tr><td><code>leshort</code></td>
             <td>little-endian 16-bit integer</td></tr>
         <tr><td><code>lelong</code></td>
             <td>little-endian 32-bit integer</td></tr>
         <tr><td><code>ledate</code></td>
             <td>little-endian 32-bit integer date</td></tr>
         </table></td></tr>
 <tr><td>3</td>
         <td>contents of data to match</td></tr>
 <tr class="odd"><td>4</td>
         <td>MIME type if matched</td></tr>
 <tr><td>5</td>
         <td>MIME encoding if matched (optional)</td></tr>
 </table>

     <p>For example, the following magic file lines would recognize
     some audio formats:</p>

     <div class="example"><pre># Sun/NeXT audio data
 0      string      .snd
 &gt;12    belong      1       audio/basic
 &gt;12    belong      2       audio/basic
 &gt;12    belong      3       audio/basic
 &gt;12    belong      4       audio/basic
 &gt;12    belong      5       audio/basic
 &gt;12    belong      6       audio/basic
 &gt;12    belong      7       audio/basic
 &gt;12    belong     23       audio/x-adpcm</pre></div>

     <p>Or these would recognize the difference between <code>*.doc</code>
     files containing Microsoft Word or FrameMaker documents. (These are
     incompatible file formats which use the same file suffix.)</p>

     <div class="example"><pre># Frame
 0  string  \&lt;MakerFile        application/x-frame
 0  string  \&lt;MIFFile          application/x-frame
 0  string  \&lt;MakerDictionary  application/x-frame
 0  string  \&lt;MakerScreenFon   application/x-frame
 0  string  \&lt;MML              application/x-frame
 0  string  \&lt;Book             application/x-frame
 0  string  \&lt;Maker            application/x-frame

 # MS-Word
 0  string  \376\067\0\043            application/msword
 0  string  \320\317\021\340\241\261  application/msword
 0  string  \333\245-\0\0\0           application/msword</pre></div>

     <p>An optional MIME encoding can be included as a fifth column.
     For example, this can recognize gzipped files and set the
     encoding for them.</p>

     <div class="example"><pre># gzip (GNU zip, not to be confused with
 #       [Info-ZIP/PKWARE] zip archiver)

 0  string  \037\213  application/octet-stream  x-gzip</pre></div>
 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="performance" id="performance">Performance Issues</a></h2>
     <p>This module is not for every system. If your system is barely
     keeping up with its load or if you're performing a web server
     benchmark, you may not want to enable this because the
     processing is not free.</p>

     <p>However, an effort was made to improve the performance of
     the original <code>file(1)</code> code to make it fit in a busy web
     server. It was designed for a server where there are thousands of users
     who publish their own documents. This is probably very common
     on intranets. Many times, it's helpful if the server can make
     more intelligent decisions about a file's contents than the
     file name allows ...even if just to reduce the "why doesn't my
     page work" calls when users improperly name their own files.
     You have to decide if the extra work suits your
     environment.</p>
 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="notes" id="notes">Notes</a></h2>
     <p>The following notes apply to the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code>
     module and are included here for compliance with contributors'
     copyright restrictions that require their acknowledgment.</p>

     <div class="note">
       <p>mod_mime_magic: MIME type lookup via file magic numbers<br />
       Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Cisco Systems, Inc.</p>

       <p>This software was submitted by Cisco Systems to the Apache Group
       in July 1997. Future revisions and derivatives of this source code
       must acknowledge Cisco Systems as the original contributor of this
       module. All other licensing and usage conditions are those of the
       Apache Group.</p>

       <p>Some of this code is derived from the free version of the file
       command originally posted to comp.sources.unix. Copyright info for
       that program is included below as required.</p>
     </div>

     <div class="note">
       <p> - Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, 1987. Written by Ian F. Darwin.</p>

       <p>This software is not subject to any license of the American
       Telephone and Telegraph Company or of the Regents of the University
       of California.</p>

       <p>Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
       purpose on any computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it
       freely, subject to the following restrictions:</p>

       <ol>
         <li>The author is not responsible for the consequences of use of
         this software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws
         in it.</li>

         <li>The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either
         by explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read
         sources, credits must appear in the documentation.</li>

         <li>Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
         be misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users
         ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation.</li>

         <li>This notice may not be removed or altered.</li>
       </ol>
     </div>

     <div class="note">
       <p>For compliance with Mr Darwin's terms: this has been very
       significantly modified from the free "file" command.</p>

       <ul>
         <li>all-in-one file for compilation convenience when moving from
         one version of Apache to the next.</li>

         <li>Memory allocation is done through the Apache API's pool
         structure.</li>

         <li>All functions have had necessary Apache API request or server
         structures passed to them where necessary to call other Apache API
         routines. (<em>i.e.</em>, usually for logging, files, or memory
         allocation in itself or a called function.)</li>

         <li>struct magic has been converted from an array to a single-ended
         linked list because it only grows one record at a time, it's only
         accessed sequentially, and the Apache API has no equivalent of
         <code>realloc()</code>.</li>

         <li>Functions have been changed to get their parameters from the
         server configuration instead of globals.  (It should be reentrant
         now but has not been tested in a threaded environment.)</li>

         <li>Places where it used to print results to stdout now saves them
         in a list where they're used to set the MIME type in the Apache
         request record.</li>

         <li>Command-line flags have been removed since they will never be
         used here.</li>
       </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MimeMagicFile" id="MimeMagicFile">MimeMagicFile</a> <a name="mimemagicfile" id="mimemagicfile">Directive</a></h2>
 <table class="directive">
 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable MIME-type determination based on file contents
 using the specified magic file</td></tr>
 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MimeMagicFile <var>file-path</var></code></td></tr>
 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_mime_magic</td></tr>
 </table>
     <p>The <code class="directive">MimeMagicFile</code> directive can be used to
     enable this module, the default file is distributed at
     <code>conf/magic</code>. Non-rooted paths are relative to the
     <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>. Virtual hosts will use
     the same file as the main server unless a more specific setting is
     used, in which case the more specific setting overrides the main
     server's file.</p>

     <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
       MimeMagicFile conf/magic
     </code></p></div>

 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="bottomlang">
 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
 </div><div id="footer">
 <p class="apache">Copyright 2013 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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	<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p>
	<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
	<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
	<div id="path">
	<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
	<div id="page-content">
	<div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4>
	<p>This document refers to the <strong>2.0</strong> version of Apache httpd, which <strong>is no longer maintained</strong>. Upgrade, and refer to the current version of httpd instead, documented at:</p>
	<ul><li><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/">Current release version of Apache HTTP Server documentation</a></li></ul><p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_mime_magic.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_mime_magic</h1>
	<div class="toplang">
	<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
	</div>
	<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Determines the MIME type of a file
	by looking at a few bytes of its contents</td></tr>
	<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
	<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>mime_magic_module</td></tr>
	<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_mime_magic.c</td></tr></table>
	<h3>Summary</h3>

	<p>This module determines the MIME type of files in the same
	way the Unix <code>file(1)</code> command works: it looks at the first
	few bytes of the file. It is intended as a "second line of defense"
	for cases that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code> can't resolve.</p>

	<p>This module is derived from a free version of the
	<code>file(1)</code> command for Unix, which uses "magic
	numbers" and other hints from a file's contents to figure out
	what the contents are. This module is active only if the magic
	file is specified by the <code class="directive"><a href="#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code> directive.</p>
	</div>
	<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
	<ul id="toc">
	<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></li>
	</ul>
	<h3>Topics</h3>
	<ul id="topics">
	<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#format">Format of the Magic File</a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#performance">Performance Issues</a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#notes">Notes</a></li>
	</ul></div>
	<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="format" id="format">Format of the Magic File</a></h2>

	<p>The contents of the file are plain ASCII text in 4-5
	columns. Blank lines are allowed but ignored. Commented lines
	use a hash mark (<code>#</code>). The remaining lines are parsed for
	the following columns:</p>

	<table class="bordered"><tr class="header"><th>Column</th><th>Description</th></tr>
	<tr><td>1</td>
	<td>byte number to begin checking from<br />
	"<code>></code>" indicates a dependency upon the previous
	non-"<code>></code>" line</td></tr>
	<tr class="odd"><td>2</td>
	<td><p>type of data to match</p>
	<table class="bordered">

	<tr><td><code>byte</code></td>
	<td>single character</td></tr>
	<tr><td><code>short</code></td>
	<td>machine-order 16-bit integer</td></tr>
	<tr><td><code>long</code></td>
	<td>machine-order 32-bit integer</td></tr>
	<tr><td><code>string</code></td>
	<td>arbitrary-length string</td></tr>
	<tr><td><code>date</code></td>
	<td>long integer date (seconds since Unix epoch/1970)</td></tr>
	<tr><td><code>beshort</code></td>
	<td>big-endian 16-bit integer</td></tr>
	<tr><td><code>belong</code></td>
	<td>big-endian 32-bit integer</td></tr>
	<tr><td><code>bedate</code></td>
	<td>big-endian 32-bit integer date</td></tr>
	<tr><td><code>leshort</code></td>
	<td>little-endian 16-bit integer</td></tr>
	<tr><td><code>lelong</code></td>
	<td>little-endian 32-bit integer</td></tr>
	<tr><td><code>ledate</code></td>
	<td>little-endian 32-bit integer date</td></tr>
	</table></td></tr>
	<tr><td>3</td>
	<td>contents of data to match</td></tr>
	<tr class="odd"><td>4</td>
	<td>MIME type if matched</td></tr>
	<tr><td>5</td>
	<td>MIME encoding if matched (optional)</td></tr>
	</table>

	<p>For example, the following magic file lines would recognize
	some audio formats:</p>

	<div class="example"><pre># Sun/NeXT audio data
	0 string .snd
	>12 belong 1 audio/basic
	>12 belong 2 audio/basic
	>12 belong 3 audio/basic
	>12 belong 4 audio/basic
	>12 belong 5 audio/basic
	>12 belong 6 audio/basic
	>12 belong 7 audio/basic
	>12 belong 23 audio/x-adpcm</pre></div>

	<p>Or these would recognize the difference between <code>*.doc</code>
	files containing Microsoft Word or FrameMaker documents. (These are
	incompatible file formats which use the same file suffix.)</p>

	<div class="example"><pre># Frame
	0 string \<MakerFile application/x-frame
	0 string \<MIFFile application/x-frame
	0 string \<MakerDictionary application/x-frame
	0 string \<MakerScreenFon application/x-frame
	0 string \<MML application/x-frame
	0 string \<Book application/x-frame
	0 string \<Maker application/x-frame

	# MS-Word
	0 string \376\067\0\043 application/msword
	0 string \320\317\021\340\241\261 application/msword
	0 string \333\245-\0\0\0 application/msword</pre></div>

	<p>An optional MIME encoding can be included as a fifth column.
	For example, this can recognize gzipped files and set the
	encoding for them.</p>

	<div class="example"><pre># gzip (GNU zip, not to be confused with
	# [Info-ZIP/PKWARE] zip archiver)

	0 string \037\213 application/octet-stream x-gzip</pre></div>
	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="performance" id="performance">Performance Issues</a></h2>
	<p>This module is not for every system. If your system is barely
	keeping up with its load or if you're performing a web server
	benchmark, you may not want to enable this because the
	processing is not free.</p>

	<p>However, an effort was made to improve the performance of
	the original <code>file(1)</code> code to make it fit in a busy web
	server. It was designed for a server where there are thousands of users
	who publish their own documents. This is probably very common
	on intranets. Many times, it's helpful if the server can make
	more intelligent decisions about a file's contents than the
	file name allows ...even if just to reduce the "why doesn't my
	page work" calls when users improperly name their own files.
	You have to decide if the extra work suits your
	environment.</p>
	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="notes" id="notes">Notes</a></h2>
	<p>The following notes apply to the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code>
	module and are included here for compliance with contributors'
	copyright restrictions that require their acknowledgment.</p>

	<div class="note">
	<p>mod_mime_magic: MIME type lookup via file magic numbers<br />
	Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Cisco Systems, Inc.</p>

	<p>This software was submitted by Cisco Systems to the Apache Group
	in July 1997. Future revisions and derivatives of this source code
	must acknowledge Cisco Systems as the original contributor of this
	module. All other licensing and usage conditions are those of the
	Apache Group.</p>

	<p>Some of this code is derived from the free version of the file
	command originally posted to comp.sources.unix. Copyright info for
	that program is included below as required.</p>
	</div>

	<div class="note">
	<p> - Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, 1987. Written by Ian F. Darwin.</p>

	<p>This software is not subject to any license of the American
	Telephone and Telegraph Company or of the Regents of the University
	of California.</p>

	<p>Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
	purpose on any computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it
	freely, subject to the following restrictions:</p>

	<ol>
	<li>The author is not responsible for the consequences of use of
	this software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws
	in it.</li>

	<li>The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either
	by explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read
	sources, credits must appear in the documentation.</li>

	<li>Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
	be misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users
	ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation.</li>

	<li>This notice may not be removed or altered.</li>
	</ol>
	</div>

	<div class="note">
	<p>For compliance with Mr Darwin's terms: this has been very
	significantly modified from the free "file" command.</p>

	<ul>
	<li>all-in-one file for compilation convenience when moving from
	one version of Apache to the next.</li>

	<li>Memory allocation is done through the Apache API's pool
	structure.</li>

	<li>All functions have had necessary Apache API request or server
	structures passed to them where necessary to call other Apache API
	routines. (<em>i.e.</em>, usually for logging, files, or memory
	allocation in itself or a called function.)</li>

	<li>struct magic has been converted from an array to a single-ended
	linked list because it only grows one record at a time, it's only
	accessed sequentially, and the Apache API has no equivalent of
	<code>realloc()</code>.</li>

	<li>Functions have been changed to get their parameters from the
	server configuration instead of globals. (It should be reentrant
	now but has not been tested in a threaded environment.)</li>

	<li>Places where it used to print results to stdout now saves them
	in a list where they're used to set the MIME type in the Apache
	request record.</li>

	<li>Command-line flags have been removed since they will never be
	used here.</li>
	</ul>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MimeMagicFile" id="MimeMagicFile">MimeMagicFile</a> <a name="mimemagicfile" id="mimemagicfile">Directive</a></h2>
	<table class="directive">
	<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable MIME-type determination based on file contents
	using the specified magic file</td></tr>
	<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MimeMagicFile <var>file-path</var></code></td></tr>
	<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
	<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
	<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_mime_magic</td></tr>
	</table>
	<p>The <code class="directive">MimeMagicFile</code> directive can be used to
	enable this module, the default file is distributed at
	<code>conf/magic</code>. Non-rooted paths are relative to the
	<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>. Virtual hosts will use
	the same file as the main server unless a more specific setting is
	used, in which case the more specific setting overrides the main
	server's file.</p>

	<div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
	MimeMagicFile conf/magic
	</code></p></div>

	</div>
	</div>
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	<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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	<p class="apache">Copyright 2013 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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