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| <title>htdbm - Manipulate DBM password databases - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title> |
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| <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">Programs</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>htdbm - Manipulate DBM password databases</h1> |
| <div class="toplang"> |
| <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/htdbm.html" title="English"> en </a> | |
| <a href="../fr/programs/htdbm.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | |
| <a href="../tr/programs/htdbm.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> |
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| |
| <p><code>htdbm</code> is used to manipulate the DBM format files used to |
| store usernames and password for basic authentication of HTTP users via |
| <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_dbm.html">mod_authn_dbm</a></code>. See the <code class="program"><a href="../programs/dbmmanage.html">dbmmanage</a></code> |
| documentation for more information about these DBM files.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#options">Options</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#bugs">Bugs</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#exit">Exit Status</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#security">Security Considerations</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#restrictions">Restrictions</a></li> |
| </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="../programs/dbmmanage.html">dbmmanage</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_dbm.html">mod_authn_dbm</a></code></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> |
| <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="synopsis" id="synopsis">Synopsis</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#synopsis" class="permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> |
| [ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>i</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>c</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>m</strong> | |
| -<strong>B</strong> | |
| -<strong>d</strong> | |
| -<strong>s</strong> | |
| -<strong>p</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>t</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>v</strong> ] |
| <var>filename</var> <var>username</var></code></p> |
| |
| <p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>b</strong> |
| [ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>c</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>m</strong> | |
| -<strong>B</strong> | |
| -<strong>d</strong> | |
| -<strong>s</strong> | |
| -<strong>p</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>t</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>v</strong> ] |
| <var>filename</var> <var>username</var> <var>password</var></code></p> |
| |
| <p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>n</strong> |
| [ -<strong>i</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>c</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>m</strong> | |
| -<strong>B</strong> | |
| -<strong>d</strong> | |
| -<strong>s</strong> | |
| -<strong>p</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>t</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>v</strong> ] |
| <var>username</var></code></p> |
| |
| <p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>nb</strong> |
| [ -<strong>c</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>m</strong> | |
| -<strong>B</strong> | |
| -<strong>d</strong> | |
| -<strong>s</strong> | |
| -<strong>p</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>t</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>v</strong> ] |
| <var>username</var> <var>password</var></code></p> |
| |
| <p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>v</strong> |
| [ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>i</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>c</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>m</strong> | |
| -<strong>B</strong> | |
| -<strong>d</strong> | |
| -<strong>s</strong> | |
| -<strong>p</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>t</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>v</strong> ] |
| <var>filename</var> <var>username</var></code></p> |
| |
| <p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>vb</strong> |
| [ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>c</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>m</strong> | |
| -<strong>B</strong> | |
| -<strong>d</strong> | |
| -<strong>s</strong> | |
| -<strong>p</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] |
| [ -<strong>t</strong> ] |
| [ -<strong>v</strong> ] |
| <var>filename</var> <var>username</var> <var>password</var></code></p> |
| |
| <p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>x</strong> |
| [ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ] |
| <var>filename</var> <var>username</var></code></p> |
| |
| <p><code><strong>htdbm</strong> -<strong>l</strong> |
| [ -<strong>T</strong><var>DBTYPE</var> ] |
| <var>filename</var></code></p> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="options" id="options">Options</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#options" class="permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>-b</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use batch mode; <em>i.e.</em>, get the password from the command line |
| rather than prompting for it. This option should be used with extreme care, |
| since <strong>the password is clearly visible</strong> on the command |
| line. For script use see the <code>-i</code> option.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-i</code></dt> |
| <dd>Read the password from stdin without verification (for script usage).</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-c</code></dt> |
| <dd>Create the <var>passwdfile</var>. If <var>passwdfile</var> already |
| exists, it is rewritten and truncated. This option cannot be combined with |
| the <code>-n</code> option.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-n</code></dt> |
| <dd>Display the results on standard output rather than updating a |
| database. This option changes the syntax of the command line, since the |
| <var>passwdfile</var> argument (usually the first one) is omitted. It |
| cannot be combined with the <code>-c</code> option.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-m</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use MD5 encryption for passwords. On Windows and Netware, this is |
| the default.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-B</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use bcrypt encryption for passwords. This is currently considered to |
| be very secure.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-C</code></dt> |
| <dd>This flag is only allowed in combination with <code>-B</code> (bcrypt |
| encryption). It sets the computing time used for the bcrypt algorithm |
| (higher is more secure but slower, default: 5, valid: 4 to 31).</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-d</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use <code>crypt()</code> encryption for passwords. The default on all |
| platforms but Windows and Netware. Though possibly supported by |
| <code>htdbm</code> on all platforms, it is not supported by the |
| <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> server on Windows and Netware. |
| This algorithm is <strong>insecure</strong> by today's standards.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-s</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use SHA encryption for passwords. Facilitates migration from/to Netscape |
| servers using the LDAP Directory Interchange Format (ldif). |
| This algorithm is <strong>insecure</strong> by today's standards.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-p</code></dt> |
| <dd>Use plaintext passwords. Though <code>htdbm</code> will support |
| creation on all platforms, the <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> daemon will |
| only accept plain text passwords on Windows and Netware.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-l</code></dt> |
| <dd>Print each of the usernames and comments from the database on |
| stdout.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-v</code></dt> |
| <dd>Verify the username and password. The program will print a message |
| indicating whether the supplied password is valid. If the password is |
| invalid, the program exits with error code 3.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-x</code></dt> |
| <dd>Delete user. If the username exists in the specified DBM file, it |
| will be deleted.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-t</code></dt> |
| <dd>Interpret the final parameter as a comment. When this option is |
| specified, an additional string can be appended to the command line; this |
| string will be stored in the "Comment" field of the database, associated |
| with the specified username.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code><var>filename</var></code></dt> |
| <dd>The filename of the DBM format file. Usually without the extension |
| <code>.db</code>, <code>.pag</code>, or <code>.dir</code>. If |
| <code>-c</code> is given, the DBM file is created if it does not already |
| exist, or updated if it does exist.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code><var>username</var></code></dt> |
| <dd>The username to create or update in <var>passwdfile</var>. If |
| <var>username</var> does not exist in this file, an entry is added. If it |
| does exist, the password is changed.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code><var>password</var></code></dt> |
| <dd>The plaintext password to be encrypted and stored in the DBM file. |
| Used only with the <code>-b</code> flag.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>-T<var>DBTYPE</var></code></dt> |
| <dd>Type of DBM file (SDBM, GDBM, DB, or "default").</dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="bugs" id="bugs">Bugs</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#bugs" class="permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>One should be aware that there are a number of different DBM file |
| formats in existence, and with all likelihood, libraries for more than |
| one format may exist on your system. The three primary examples are |
| SDBM, NDBM, GNU GDBM, and Berkeley/Sleepycat DB 2/3/4. Unfortunately, |
| all these libraries use different file formats, and you must make sure |
| that the file format used by <var>filename</var> is the same format that |
| <code>htdbm</code> expects to see. <code>htdbm</code> currently has |
| no way of determining what type of DBM file it is looking at. If used |
| against the wrong format, will simply return nothing, or may create a |
| different DBM file with a different name, or at worst, it may corrupt |
| the DBM file if you were attempting to write to it.</p> |
| |
| <p>One can usually use the <code>file</code> program supplied with most |
| Unix systems to see what format a DBM file is in.</p> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="exit" id="exit">Exit Status</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#exit" class="permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p><code>htdbm</code> returns a zero status ("true") if the username and |
| password have been successfully added or updated in the DBM File. |
| <code>htdbm</code> returns <code>1</code> if it encounters some problem |
| accessing files, <code>2</code> if there was a syntax problem with the |
| command line, <code>3</code> if the password was entered interactively and |
| the verification entry didn't match, <code>4</code> if its operation was |
| interrupted, <code>5</code> if a value is too long (username, filename, |
| password, or final computed record), <code>6</code> if the username |
| contains illegal characters (see the <a href="#restrictions">Restrictions |
| section</a>), and <code>7</code> if the file is not a valid DBM password |
| file.</p> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#examples" class="permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="example"><p><code> |
| htdbm /usr/local/etc/apache/.htdbm-users jsmith |
| </code></p></div> |
| |
| <p>Adds or modifies the password for user <code>jsmith</code>. The user |
| is prompted for the password. If executed on a Windows system, the password |
| will be encrypted using the modified Apache MD5 algorithm; otherwise, the |
| system's <code>crypt()</code> routine will be used. If the file does not |
| exist, <code>htdbm</code> will do nothing except return an error.</p> |
| |
| <div class="example"><p><code> |
| htdbm -c /home/doe/public_html/.htdbm jane |
| </code></p></div> |
| |
| <p>Creates a new file and stores a record in it for user <code>jane</code>. |
| The user is prompted for the password. If the file exists and cannot be |
| read, or cannot be written, it is not altered and <code>htdbm</code> |
| will display a message and return an error status.</p> |
| |
| <div class="example"><p><code> |
| htdbm -mb /usr/web/.htdbm-all jones Pwd4Steve |
| </code></p></div> |
| |
| <p>Encrypts the password from the command line (<code>Pwd4Steve</code>) |
| using the MD5 algorithm, and stores it in the specified file.</p> |
| |
| <p>To convert an existing text file <code>htpasswd</code>-generated |
| password file to a <code>dbm</code> file, use <code>awk</code> to |
| feed each line of that file into <code>htdbm</code>:</p> |
| |
| <div class="example"><p><code> |
| htdbm -cbp passwords.dbm bogus bogus |
| awk ‘BEGIN { FS=”:” }; {system (“htdbm -bp passwords.dbm ” $1 ” ” $2)}’ passwords |
| htdbm -x bogus |
| </code></p></div> |
| |
| <p>The first line creates a new password database with a temporary |
| placeholder entry, and the thrid line removes that placeholder.</p> |
| |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="security" id="security">Security Considerations</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#security" class="permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Web password files such as those managed by <code>htdbm</code> should |
| <em>not</em> be within the Web server's URI space -- that is, they should |
| not be fetchable with a browser.</p> |
| |
| <p>The use of the <code>-b</code> option is discouraged, since when it is |
| used the unencrypted password appears on the command line.</p> |
| |
| <p>When using the <code>crypt()</code> algorithm, note that only the first |
| 8 characters of the password are used to form the password. If the supplied |
| password is longer, the extra characters will be silently discarded.</p> |
| |
| <p>The SHA encryption format does not use salting: for a given password, |
| there is only one encrypted representation. The <code>crypt()</code> and |
| MD5 formats permute the representation by prepending a random salt string, |
| to make dictionary attacks against the passwords more difficult.</p> |
| |
| <p>The SHA and <code>crypt()</code> formats are insecure by today's |
| standards.</p> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="restrictions" id="restrictions">Restrictions</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#restrictions" class="permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>On the Windows platform, passwords encrypted with |
| <code>htdbm</code> are limited to no more than <code>255</code> |
| characters in length. Longer passwords will be truncated to 255 |
| characters.</p> |
| |
| <p>The MD5 algorithm used by <code>htdbm</code> is specific to the Apache |
| software; passwords encrypted using it will not be usable with other Web |
| servers.</p> |
| |
| <p>Usernames are limited to <code>255</code> bytes and may not include the |
| character <code>:</code>.</p> |
| </div></div> |
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| <a href="../tr/programs/htdbm.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> |
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