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| <title>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.4 - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title> |
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| <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p> |
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| <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.4</h1> |
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| |
| <p>This document describes some of the major changes between the |
| 2.2 and 2.4 versions of the Apache HTTP Server. For new features since |
| version 2.0, see the <a href="new_features_2_2.html">2.2 new features</a> |
| document.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#core">Core Enhancements</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#newmods">New Modules</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#module">Module Enhancements</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#programs">Program Enhancements</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#documentation">Documentation</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#developer">Module Developer Changes</a></li> |
| </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> |
| <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="core" id="core">Core Enhancements</a></h2> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt>Run-time Loadable MPMs</dt> |
| <dd>Multiple MPMs can now be <a href="mpm.html#dynamic">built |
| as loadable modules</a> at compile time. |
| The MPM of choice can be configured at run time via <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code> directive.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Event MPM</dt> |
| <dd>The <a href="mod/event.html">Event MPM</a> is no longer experimental |
| but is now fully supported.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Asynchronous support</dt> |
| <dd>Better support for asynchronous read/write for supporting MPMs and |
| platforms.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Per-module and per-directory LogLevel configuration</dt> |
| <dd>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#loglevel">LogLevel</a></code> can now be |
| configured per module and per directory. New levels <code>trace1</code> |
| to <code>trace8</code> have been added above the <code>debug</code> log |
| level.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Per-request configuration sections</dt> |
| <dd><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>, |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#elseif"><ElseIf></a></code>, |
| and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#else"><Else></a></code> |
| sections can be used to set the configuration based on per-request |
| criteria.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>General-purpose expression parser</dt> |
| <dd>A new expression parser allows to specify |
| <a href="expr.html">complex conditions</a> using a common syntax |
| in directives like |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvifexpr">SetEnvIfExpr</a></code>, |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code>, |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_headers.html#header">Header</a></code>, |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>, |
| and others. |
| </dd> |
| |
| <dt>KeepAliveTimeout in milliseconds</dt> |
| <dd>It is now possible to specify <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#keepalivetimeout">KeepAliveTimeout</a></code> in milliseconds. |
| </dd> |
| |
| <dt>NameVirtualHost directive</dt> |
| <dd>No longer needed and is now deprecated.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Override Configuration</dt> |
| <dd>The new <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverridelist">AllowOverrideList</a></code> |
| directive allows more fine grained control which directives are |
| allowed in <code>.htaccess</code> files. </dd> |
| |
| <dt>Config file variables</dt> |
| <dd>It is now possible to <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> |
| variables in the configuration, allowing a clearer representation |
| if the same value is used at many places in the configuration. |
| </dd> |
| |
| <dt>Reduced memory usage</dt> |
| <dd>Despite many new features, 2.4.x tends to use less memory than |
| 2.2.x.</dd> |
| |
| </dl> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="newmods" id="newmods">New Modules</a></h2> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_fcgi.html">mod_proxy_fcgi</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>FastCGI Protocol backend for <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_scgi.html">mod_proxy_scgi</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>SCGI Protocol backend for <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_express.html">mod_proxy_express</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Provides dynamically configured mass reverse proxies for |
| <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Replaces the apparent client remote IP address and hostname for the request |
| with the IP address list presented by a proxies or a load balancer via |
| the request headers.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_heartmonitor.html">mod_heartmonitor</a></code>, |
| <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.html">mod_lbmethod_heartbeat</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Allow <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code> to base loadbalancing decisions |
| on the number of active connections on the backend servers.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_html.html">mod_proxy_html</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Formerly a third-party module, this supports fixing of HTML |
| links in a reverse proxy situation, where the backend generates |
| URLs that are not valid for the proxy's clients.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_sed.html">mod_sed</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>An advanced replacement of <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_substitute.html">mod_substitute</a></code>, allows |
| to edit the response body with the full power of sed.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Enables form-based authentication.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Enables the use of session state for clients, using cookie or |
| database storage.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_allowmethods.html">mod_allowmethods</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>New module to restrict certain HTTP methods without interfering with |
| authentication or authorization.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_lua.html">mod_lua</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Embeds the <a href="http://www.lua.org/">Lua</a> language into httpd, |
| for configuration and small business logic functions. (Experimental)</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_log_debug.html">mod_log_debug</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Allows the addition of customizable debug logging at different phases of the |
| request processing.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_buffer.html">mod_buffer</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Provides for buffering the input and output filter stacks</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_data.html">mod_data</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Convert response body into an RFC2397 data URL</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ratelimit.html">mod_ratelimit</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Provides Bandwidth Rate Limiting for Clients</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_request.html">mod_request</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Provides Filters to handle and make available HTTP request bodies</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_reflector.html">mod_reflector</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Provides Reflection of a request body as a response via the output filter stack.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_slotmem_shm.html">mod_slotmem_shm</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Provides a Slot-based shared memory provider (ala the scoreboard).</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_xml2enc.html">mod_xml2enc</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Formerly a third-party module, this supports internationalisation |
| in libxml2-based (markup-aware) filter modules.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code> (available since 2.4.5)</dt> |
| <dd>Provide macros within configuration files.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_wstunnel.html">mod_proxy_wstunnel</a></code> (available since 2.4.5)</dt> |
| <dd>Support web-socket tunnels.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authnz_fcgi.html">mod_authnz_fcgi</a></code> (available since 2.4.10)</dt> |
| <dd>Enable FastCGI authorizer applications to authenticate and/or |
| authorize clients.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_http2.html">mod_http2</a></code> (available since 2.4.17)</dt> |
| <dd>Support for the HTTP/2 transport layer.</dd> |
| |
| </dl> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="module" id="module">Module Enhancements</a></h2> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code></dt> |
| |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> can now be configured to use an |
| OCSP server to check the validation status of a client |
| certificate. The default responder is configurable, along with |
| the decision on whether to prefer the responder designated in |
| the client certificate itself.</dd> |
| |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> now also supports OCSP stapling, where the |
| server pro-actively obtains an OCSP verification of its certificate and |
| transmits that to the client during the handshake. </dd> |
| |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> can now be configured to share SSL Session |
| data between servers through memcached</dd> |
| |
| <dd>EC keys are now supported in addition to RSA and DSA.</dd> |
| |
| <dd>Support for TLS-SRP (available in 2.4.4 and later).</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dt> |
| |
| <dd>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directive |
| is now most optimally configured within a |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location">Location</a></code> or |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch">LocationMatch</a></code> |
| block, and offers a significant performance advantage over the traditional |
| two-parameter syntax when present in large numbers.</dd> |
| <dd>The source address used for proxy requests is now configurable.</dd> |
| <dd>Support for Unix domain sockets to the backend (available in 2.4.7 |
| and later).</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code></dt> |
| |
| <dd>More runtime configuration changes for BalancerMembers via balancer-manager</dd> |
| |
| <dd>Additional BalancerMembers can be added at runtime via balancer-manager</dd> |
| |
| <dd>Runtime configuration of a subset of Balancer parameters</dd> |
| |
| <dd>BalancerMembers can be set to 'Drain' so that they only respond to existing sticky |
| sessions, allowing them to be taken gracefully offline.</dd> |
| |
| <dd>Balancer settings can be persistent after restarts.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code></dt> |
| |
| <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> CACHE filter can be optionally inserted |
| at a given point in the filter chain to provide fine control over caching. |
| </dd> |
| |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> can now cache HEAD requests.</dd> |
| |
| <dd>Where possible, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> directives can now be set |
| per directory, instead of per server.</dd> |
| |
| <dd>The base URL of cached URLs can be customised, so that a cluster of |
| caches can share the same endpoint URL prefix.</dd> |
| |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> is now capable of serving stale cached |
| data when a backend is unavailable (error 5xx).</dd> |
| |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> can now insert HIT/MISS/REVALIDATE into |
| an X-Cache header.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Support for the 'onerror' attribute within an 'include' element, |
| allowing an error document to be served on error instead of the default |
| error string.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>, |
| <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_isapi.html">mod_isapi</a></code>, ...</dt> |
| <dd>Translation of headers to environment variables is more strict than |
| before to mitigate some possible cross-site-scripting attacks via header |
| injection. Headers containing invalid characters (including underscores) |
| are now silently dropped. <a href="env.html">Environment Variables |
| in Apache</a> has some pointers on how to work around broken legacy |
| clients which require such headers. (This affects all modules which |
| use these environment variables.)</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> Authorization Logic Containers</dt> |
| |
| <dd>Advanced authorization logic may now be specified using the |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive |
| and the related container directives, such as |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall"><RequireAll></a></code>.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></dt> |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> adds the <code>[QSD]</code> |
| (Query String Discard) and <code>[END]</code> flags for |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> to |
| simplify common rewriting scenarios.</dd> |
| <dd>Adds the possibility to use complex boolean expressions in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code>.</dd> |
| <dd>Allows the use of SQL queries as <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code> functions.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code></dt> |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code> adds support for nested groups.</dd> |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> adds |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html#ldapconnectionpoolttl">LDAPConnectionPoolTTL</a></code>, |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaptimeout">LDAPTimeout</a></code>, and |
| other improvements in the handling of timeouts. |
| This is especially useful for setups where a |
| stateful firewall drops idle connections to the LDAP server.</dd> |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> adds |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_ldap.html#ldaplibrarydebug">LDAPLibraryDebug</a></code> to log |
| debug information provided by the used LDAP toolkit.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></dt> |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code> can now dump the pre-parsed configuration |
| to stdout during server startup.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_auth_basic.html">mod_auth_basic</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>New generic mechanism to fake basic authentication (available in |
| 2.4.5 and later).</dd> |
| |
| </dl> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="programs" id="programs">Program Enhancements</a></h2> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/fcgistarter.html">fcgistarter</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>New FastCGI daemon starter utility</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/htcacheclean.html">htcacheclean</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Current cached URLs can now be listed, with optional metadata |
| included.</dd> |
| <dd>Allow explicit deletion of individual cached URLs from the |
| cache.</dd> |
| <dd>File sizes can now be rounded up to the given block size, making |
| the size limits map more closely to the real size on disk.</dd> |
| <dd>Cache size can now be limited by the number of inodes, instead |
| of or in addition to being limited by the size of the files on |
| disk.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/rotatelogs.html">rotatelogs</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>May now create a link to the current log file.</dd> |
| <dd>May now invoke a custom post-rotate script.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/htpasswd.html">htpasswd</a></code>, <code class="program"><a href="./programs/htdbm.html">htdbm</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Support for the bcrypt algorithm (available in 2.4.4 and later). |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="documentation" id="documentation">Documentation</a></h2> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt>mod_rewrite</dt> |
| <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> documentation has been |
| rearranged and almost completely rewritten, with a focus on |
| examples and common usage, as well as on showing you when other |
| solutions are more appropriate. The <a href="rewrite/">Rewrite |
| Guide</a> is now a top-level section with much more detail and |
| better organization.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>mod_ssl</dt> |
| <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> documentation has been greatly |
| enhanced, with more examples at the getting started level, in |
| addition to the previous focus on technical details.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Caching Guide</dt> |
| <dd>The <a href="caching.html">Caching Guide</a> has been rewritten |
| to properly distinguish between the RFC2616 HTTP/1.1 caching |
| features provided by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code>, and the generic |
| key/value caching provided by the <a href="socache.html">socache</a> |
| interface, as well as to cover specialised caching provided by |
| mechanisms such as <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_file_cache.html">mod_file_cache</a></code>.</dd> |
| |
| </dl> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="developer" id="developer">Module Developer Changes</a></h2> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt>Check Configuration Hook Added</dt> |
| |
| <dd>A new hook, <code>check_config</code>, has been added which runs |
| between the <code>pre_config</code> and <code>open_logs</code> |
| hooks. It also runs before the <code>test_config</code> hook |
| when the <code>-t</code> option is passed to |
| <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. The <code>check_config</code> hook |
| allows modules to review interdependent configuration directive |
| values and adjust them while messages can still be logged to the |
| console. The user can thus be alerted to misconfiguration problems |
| before the core <code>open_logs</code> hook function redirects |
| console output to the error log.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Expression Parser Added</dt> |
| |
| <dd>We now have a general-purpose expression parser, whose API is |
| exposed in <var>ap_expr.h</var>. This is adapted from the |
| expression parser previously implemented in |
| <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Authorization Logic Containers</dt> |
| |
| <dd>Authorization modules now register as a provider, via |
| ap_register_auth_provider(), to support advanced authorization logic, |
| such as <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#requireall"><RequireAll></a></code>.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Small-Object Caching Interface</dt> |
| |
| <dd>The <var>ap_socache.h</var> header exposes a provider-based |
| interface for caching small data objects, based on the previous |
| implementation of the <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> session cache. |
| Providers using a shared-memory cyclic buffer, disk-based dbm |
| files, and a memcache distributed cache are currently |
| supported.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Cache Status Hook Added</dt> |
| |
| <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> module now includes a new |
| <code>cache_status</code> hook, which is called when the caching |
| decision becomes known. A default implementation is provided |
| which adds an optional <code>X-Cache</code> and |
| <code>X-Cache-Detail</code> header to the response.</dd> |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>The developer documentation contains a |
| <a href="developer/new_api_2_4.html">detailed list of API changes</a>.</p> |
| </div></div> |
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