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| <title>Apache Core Features</title> |
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| |
| <h1 align="center">Apache Core Features</h1> |
| |
| <p>These configuration parameters control the core Apache |
| features, and are always available.</p> |
| |
| <h2>Directives</h2> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#acceptmutex">AcceptMutex</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#accessconfig">AccessConfig</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#adddefaultcharset">AddDefaultCharset</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#addmodule">AddModule</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#authname">AuthName</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#AuthDigestRealmSeed">AuthDigestRealmSeed</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#authtype">AuthType</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#bindaddress">BindAddress</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#bs2000account">BS2000Account</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#cgicommandargs">CGICommandArgs</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#clearmodulelist">ClearModuleList</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#contentdigest">ContentDigest</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#coredumpdirectory">CoreDumpDirectory</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#defaulttype">DefaultType</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#directory"><Directory></a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#ebcdicconvert">EBCDICConvert</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a |
| href="#ebcdicconvertbytype">EBCDICConvertByType</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#ebcdickludge">EBCDICKludge</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#enableexceptionhook">EnableExceptionHook</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#fileetag">FileETag</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#files"><Files></a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#group">Group</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#hostnamelookups">HostnameLookups</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#identitycheck">IdentityCheck</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#include">Include</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#keepalive">KeepAlive</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#keepalivetimeout">KeepAliveTimeout</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#limit"><Limit></a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#limitexcept"><LimitExcept></a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#limitinternalrecursion">LimitInternalRecursion</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#limitrequestbody">LimitRequestBody</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#limitrequestfields">LimitRequestFields</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a |
| href="#limitrequestfieldsize">LimitRequestFieldsize</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#limitrequestline">LimitRequestLine</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#listen">Listen</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#listenbacklog">ListenBacklog</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#location"><Location></a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#lockfile">LockFile</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#loglevel">LogLevel</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#maxclients">MaxClients</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a |
| href="#maxkeepaliverequests">MaxKeepAliveRequests</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a |
| href="#maxrequestsperchild">MaxRequestsPerChild</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#options">Options</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#pidfile">PidFile</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#port">Port</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#protocolreqcheck">ProtocolReqCheck</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#require">Require</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#resourceconfig">ResourceConfig</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#rlimitcpu">RLimitCPU</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#rlimitmem">RLimitMEM</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#rlimitnproc">RLimitNPROC</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#satisfy">Satisfy</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#scoreboardfile">ScoreBoardFile</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a |
| href="#scriptinterpretersource">ScriptInterpreterSource</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#sendbuffersize">SendBufferSize</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#serveradmin">ServerAdmin</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#serveralias">ServerAlias</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#servername">ServerName</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#serverpath">ServerPath</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#serversignature">ServerSignature</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#servertokens">ServerTokens</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#servertype">ServerType</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#shmemuidisuser">ShmemUIDisUser</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#startservers">StartServers</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#threadsperchild">ThreadsPerChild</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#threadstacksize">ThreadStackSize</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#timeout">TimeOut</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#traceenable">TraceEnable</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#user">User</a></li> |
| |
| <li><a href="#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></li> |
| </ul> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="acceptfilter" name="acceptfilter">AcceptFilter |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AcceptFilter |
| on|off<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>AcceptFilter |
| on</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> AcceptFilter is |
| available in Apache 1.3.22 and later |
| |
| <p><code>AcceptFilter</code> controls a BSD specific filter |
| optimization. It is compiled in by default - and switched on by |
| default if your system supports it (setsocketopt() option |
| SO_ACCEPTFILTER). Currently only FreeBSD supports this.</p> |
| |
| <p>See the filter section on <a |
| href="../misc/perf-bsd44.html">performance hints</a> for more |
| information.</p> |
| |
| <p>The compile time flag <code>AP_ACCEPTFILTER_OFF</code> can |
| be used to change the default to 'off'. <code>httpd -V</code> |
| and <code>httpd -L</code> will show compile time defaults and |
| whether or not SO_ACCEPTFILTER was defined during the |
| compile.</p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="acceptmutex" name="acceptmutex">AcceptMutex |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AcceptMutex |
| uslock|pthread|sysvsem|fcntl|flock|os2sem|tpfcore|none|default<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>AcceptMutex |
| default</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> AcceptMutex is |
| available in Apache 1.3.21 and later. |
| |
| <p><code>AcceptMutex</code> controls which accept() mutex |
| method Apache will use. Not all methods are available on all |
| platforms, since the suite of methods is determined at |
| compile-time. For a list of which methods are available for |
| your particular build, the <code>httpd -V</code> command line |
| option will list them out.</p> |
| |
| <p>The compile time flags <code>-D |
| HAVE_METHOD_SERIALIZED_ACCEPT</code> can be used to add |
| different methods to your build, or one can edit the |
| <code>include/ap_config.h</code> file for your particular |
| platform.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive has no effect on Microsoft Windows.</p> |
| |
| <p>See the <a href="../misc/perf-tuning.html">performance tuning |
| guide</a> for more information.</p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="accessconfig" name="accessconfig">AccessConfig |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AccessConfig |
| <em>file-path</em>|<em>directory-path</em>|<em>wildcard-path</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>AccessConfig |
| conf/access.conf</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> The ability to |
| specify a directory, rather than a file name, is only available in |
| Apache 1.3.13 and later. This directive will be eliminated in version |
| 2.0. |
| |
| <p>The server will read this file for more directives after |
| reading the <a href="#resourceconfig">ResourceConfig</a> file. |
| <em>File-path</em> is relative to the <a |
| href="#serverroot">ServerRoot</a>. This feature can be disabled |
| using:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>AccessConfig /dev/null</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| Or, on Win32 servers, |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>AccessConfig nul</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| Historically, this file only contained <a |
| href="#directory"><Directory></a> sections; in fact it |
| can now contain any server directive allowed in the <em>server |
| config</em> context. However, since Apache version 1.3.4, |
| the default <code>access.conf</code> file which ships with |
| Apache contains only comments, and all directives are placed |
| in the main server configuration file, <code>httpd.conf</code>. |
| |
| <p>If <code>AccessConfig</code> points to a directory, rather than a |
| file, Apache will read all files in that directory, and any |
| subdirectory, and parse those as configuration files. |
| </p> |
| <p>Alternatively you can use a wildcard to limit the scope; i.e |
| to only *.conf files. |
| </p> |
| <p>Note that by default <em>any</em> file in the specified |
| directory will be loaded as a configuration file. |
| </p> |
| <p> |
| So make sure that you don't have stray files in |
| this directory by mistake, such as temporary files created by your |
| editor, for example.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="#include">Include</a> and <a |
| href="#resourceconfig">ResourceConfig</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="accessfilename" name="accessfilename">AccessFileName |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AccessFileName |
| <em>filename</em> [<em>filename</em>] ...<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>AccessFileName |
| .htaccess</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> AccessFileName |
| can accept more than one filename only in Apache 1.3 and later |
| |
| <p>When returning a document to the client the server looks for |
| the first existing access control file from this list of names |
| in every directory of the path to the document, if access |
| control files are enabled for that directory. For example:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>AccessFileName .acl</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| before returning the document /usr/local/web/index.html, the |
| server will read /.acl, /usr/.acl, /usr/local/.acl and |
| /usr/local/web/.acl for directives, unless they have been |
| disabled with |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code><Directory /><br /> |
| AllowOverride None<br /> |
| </Directory></code> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <p><strong>See Also:</strong> <a |
| href="#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a> and <a |
| href="../configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="adddefaultcharset" |
| name="adddefaultcharset">AddDefaultCharset directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AddDefaultCharset |
| On|Off|<em>charset</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> all<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> |
| <code>AddDefaultCharset Off</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> |
| AddDefaultCharset is only available in Apache 1.3.12 and later |
| |
| <p>This directive specifies the name of the character set that |
| will be added to any response that does not have any parameter |
| on the content type in the HTTP headers. This will override any |
| character set specified in the body of the document via a |
| <code>META</code> tag. A setting of <code>AddDefaultCharset |
| Off</code> disables this functionality. <code>AddDefaultCharset |
| On</code> enables Apache's internal default charset of |
| <code>iso-8859-1</code> as required by the directive. You can |
| also specify an alternate <em>charset</em> to be used.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>AddDefaultCharset utf-8</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <p><b>Note:</b> This will <b>not</b> have any effect on the |
| Content-Type and character set for default Apache-generated |
| status pages (such as '404 Not Found' or '301 Moved Permanently') |
| because those have an <i>actual</i> character set (that in which the |
| hard-coded page content is written) and don't need to have a default |
| applied.</p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="addmodule" name="addmodule">AddModule |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AddModule |
| <em>module</em> [<em>module</em>] ...<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> AddModule is |
| only available in Apache 1.2 and later |
| |
| <p>The server can have modules compiled in which are not |
| actively in use. This directive can be used to enable the use |
| of those modules. The server comes with a pre-loaded list of |
| active modules; this list can be cleared with the <a |
| href="#clearmodulelist">ClearModuleList</a> directive.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>AddModule mod_include.c</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <p>The ordering of <code>AddModule</code> lines is important. |
| Modules are listed in reverse priority order --- the ones that come |
| later can override the behavior of those that come earlier. This |
| can have visible effects; for instance, if UserDir followed Alias, |
| you couldn't alias out a particular user's home directory. For |
| more information and a recommended ordering, see |
| <code>src/Configuration.tmpl</code> in the Apache source |
| distribution.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also</strong>: <a |
| href="#clearmodulelist">ClearModuleList</a> and <a |
| href="mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="allowoverride" name="allowoverride">AllowOverride |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AllowOverride |
| All|None|<em>directive-type</em> [<em>directive-type</em>] |
| ...<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>AllowOverride |
| All</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>When the server finds an .htaccess file (as specified by <a |
| href="#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a>) it needs to know |
| which directives declared in that file can override earlier |
| access information.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Note:</strong> <code>AllowOverride</code> is only |
| valid in <Directory> sections, not in <Location> or |
| <Files> sections, as implied by the <strong>Context</strong> |
| section above.</p> |
| |
| <p>When this directive is set to <code>None</code>, then |
| .htaccess files are completely ignored. In this case, the |
| server will not even attempt to read .htaccess files in the |
| filesystem.</p> |
| |
| <p>When this directive is set to <code>All</code>, then any |
| directive which has the .htaccess <a |
| href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> is allowed in |
| .htaccess files.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <em>directive-type</em> can be one of the following |
| groupings of directives.</p> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt>AuthConfig</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| |
| Allow use of the authorization directives (<a |
| href="mod_auth_dbm.html#authdbmgroupfile">AuthDBMGroupFile</a>, |
| <a |
| href="mod_auth_dbm.html#authdbmuserfile">AuthDBMUserFile</a>, |
| <a href="mod_auth.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a>, <a |
| href="#authname">AuthName</a>, <a |
| href="#AuthDigestRealmSeed">AuthDigestRealmSeed</a>, <a |
| href="#authtype">AuthType</a>, <a |
| href="mod_auth.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a>, <a |
| href="#require">Require</a>, <em>etc.</em>).</dd> |
| |
| <dt>FileInfo</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| Allow use of the directives controlling document types (<a |
| href="mod_mime.html#addencoding">AddEncoding</a>, <a |
| href="mod_mime.html#addlanguage">AddLanguage</a>, <a |
| href="mod_mime.html#addtype">AddType</a>, <a |
| href="#defaulttype">DefaultType</a>, <a |
| href="#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a>, <a |
| href="mod_negotiation.html#languagepriority">LanguagePriority</a>, |
| <em>etc.</em>).</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Indexes</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| Allow use of the directives controlling directory indexing |
| (<a |
| href="mod_autoindex.html#adddescription">AddDescription</a>, |
| <a href="mod_autoindex.html#addicon">AddIcon</a>, <a |
| href="mod_autoindex.html#addiconbyencoding">AddIconByEncoding</a>, |
| <a href="mod_autoindex.html#addiconbytype">AddIconByType</a>, |
| <a href="mod_autoindex.html#defaulticon">DefaultIcon</a>, <a |
| href="mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a>, <a |
| href="mod_autoindex.html#fancyindexing">FancyIndexing</a>, <a |
| href="mod_autoindex.html#headername">HeaderName</a>, <a |
| href="mod_autoindex.html#indexignore">IndexIgnore</a>, <a |
| href="mod_autoindex.html#indexoptions">IndexOptions</a>, <a |
| href="mod_autoindex.html#readmename">ReadmeName</a>, |
| <em>etc.</em>).</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Limit</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| Allow use of the directives controlling host access (<a |
| href="mod_access.html#allow">Allow</a>, |
| <a href="mod_access.html#deny">Deny</a> |
| and <a href="mod_access.html#order">Order</a>).</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Options</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| Allow use of the directives controlling specific directory |
| features (<a href="#options">Options</a> and <a |
| href="mod_include.html#xbithack">XBitHack</a>).</dd> |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>Example:</p> |
| <blockquote><code>AllowOverride AuthConfig Indexes</code></blockquote> |
| |
| <p><strong>See Also:</strong> <a |
| href="#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a> and <a |
| href="../configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="authname" name="authname">AuthName |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AuthName |
| <em>auth-domain</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory, |
| .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> AuthConfig<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>This directive sets the name of the authorization realm for |
| a directory. This realm is given to the client so that the user |
| knows which username and password to send. |
| <samp>AuthName</samp> takes a single argument; if the realm |
| name contains spaces, it must be enclosed in quotation marks. |
| It must be accompanied by <a href="#authtype">AuthType</a> and |
| <a href="#require">Require</a> directives, and directives such |
| as <a href="mod_auth.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a> and <a |
| href="mod_auth.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a> to |
| work.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote><code>AuthName "Top Secret"</code></blockquote> |
| |
| <p>The string provided for the <code>AuthName</code> is what will |
| appear in the password dialog provided by most browsers.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a |
| href="../howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and |
| Access Control</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="AuthDigestRealmSeed" name="AuthDigestRealmSeed">AuthDigestRealmSeed |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AuthDigestRealmSeed |
| <em>secret-real-string</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory, |
| .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> AuthConfig<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>This directive sets a per realm secret nonce prefix |
| which is used to ensure that a captured username, password |
| and realm string during a Digest exchange cannot |
| be replayed at other places. |
| </p> |
| <p>It only applies to <a href="mod_digest.html">mod_digest.html</a>, |
| the experimental <a href="mod_auth_digest.html">mod_auth_digest.html</a> |
| implements its own (more advanced and also time sensitive) replay protection. |
| </p> |
| |
| It must be accompanied by <a href="#authtype">AuthType</a> of |
| type Digest, one or more |
| <a href="#require">Require</a> directives, and directives such |
| as <a href="mod_auth.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a> and <a |
| href="mod_auth.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a> to |
| work.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a |
| href="../howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and |
| Access Control</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="authtype" name="authtype">AuthType |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> AuthType |
| Basic|Digest<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory, |
| .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> AuthConfig<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>This directive selects the type of user authentication for a |
| directory. Only <code>Basic</code> and <code>Digest</code> are |
| currently implemented. |
| |
| It must be accompanied by <a href="#authname">AuthName</a> and |
| <a href="#require">Require</a> directives, and directives such |
| as <a href="mod_auth.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a> and <a |
| href="mod_auth.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a> to |
| work.</p> |
| |
| <p>When AuthDigest is used an <a href="#AuthDigestRealmSeed">AuthDigestRealmSeed</a> |
| should also be set.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a |
| href="../howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and |
| Access Control</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="bindaddress" name="bindaddress">BindAddress |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> BindAddress |
| *|<em>IP-address</em>|<em>domain-name</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>BindAddress |
| *</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> BindAddress is |
| deprecated and will be eliminated in Apache 2.0. |
| |
| <p>A Unix® http server can either listen for connections to |
| every IP address of the server machine, or just one IP address |
| of the server machine. If the argument to this directive is *, |
| then the server will listen for connections on every IP |
| address. Otherwise, the server can listen to only a specific |
| <em>IP-address</em> or a fully-qualified Internet |
| <em>domain-name</em>.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <code>BindAddress 192.168.15.48</code><br /> |
| |
| <p>Only one <code>BindAddress</code> directive can be used.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive is deprecated and will be eliminated in |
| Apache 2.0. Equivalent functionality and more control over the |
| address and ports Apache listens to is available using the |
| <code><a href="#listen">Listen</a></code> |
| directive.</p> |
| |
| <p><code>BindAddress</code> can be used as an alternative |
| method for supporting <a href="../vhosts/">virtual hosts</a> |
| using multiple independent servers, instead of using <code><a |
| href="#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> |
| sections.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See Also:</strong> <a href="../dns-caveats.html">DNS |
| Issues</a><br /> |
| <strong>See Also:</strong> <a href="../bind.html">Setting |
| which addresses and ports Apache uses</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="bs2000account" name="bs2000account">BS2000Account |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> BS2000Account |
| <em>account</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <em>none</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> BS2000Account is |
| only available for BS2000 machines, as of Apache 1.3 and later. |
| |
| |
| <p>The <code>BS2000Account</code> directive is available for |
| BS2000 hosts only. It must be used to define the account number |
| for the non-privileged apache server user (which was configured |
| using the <a href="#user">User</a> directive). This is required |
| by the BS2000 POSIX subsystem (to change the underlying BS2000 |
| task environment by performing a sub-LOGON) to prevent CGI |
| scripts from accessing resources of the privileged account |
| which started the server, usually <samp>SYSROOT</samp>.<br /> |
| Only one <code>BS2000Account</code> directive can be used.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See Also:</strong> <a href="../ebcdic.html">Apache |
| EBCDIC port</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="cgicommandargs" name="cgicommandargs">CGICommandArgs |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> CGICommandArgs On|Off<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> CGICommandArgs On<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> Options<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Available in Apache |
| 1.3.24 and later. |
| |
| <p>Way back when the internet was a safer, more naive place, it |
| was convenient for the server to take a query string that did not |
| contain an '=' sign and to parse and pass it to a CGI program as |
| command line args. For example, <code><IsIndex></code> |
| generated searches often work in this way. The default behavior |
| in Apache is to maintain this behavior for backwards |
| compatibility, although it is generally regarded as unsafe |
| practice today. Most CGI programs do not take command line |
| parameters, but among those that do, many are unaware of this |
| method of passing arguments and are therefore vulnerable to |
| malicious clients passing unsafe material in this way. Setting |
| <code>CGICommandArgs Off</code> is recommended to protect such |
| scripts with little loss in functionality.</p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="clearmodulelist" |
| name="clearmodulelist">ClearModuleList directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ClearModuleList<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ClearModuleList |
| is only available in Apache 1.2 and later |
| |
| <p>The server comes with a built-in list of active modules. |
| This directive clears the list. It is assumed that the list |
| will then be re-populated using the <a |
| href="#addmodule">AddModule</a> directive.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also</strong>: <a |
| href="#addmodule">AddModule</a> and <a |
| href="mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="contentdigest" name="contentdigest">ContentDigest |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ContentDigest |
| on|off<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ContentDigest |
| off</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> Options<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> experimental<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ContentDigest is |
| only available in Apache 1.1 and later |
| |
| <p>This directive enables the generation of |
| <code>Content-MD5</code> headers as defined in RFC1864 |
| respectively RFC2068.</p> |
| |
| <p>MD5 is an algorithm for computing a "message digest" |
| (sometimes called "fingerprint") of arbitrary-length data, with |
| a high degree of confidence that any alterations in the data |
| will be reflected in alterations in the message digest.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <code>Content-MD5</code> header provides an end-to-end |
| message integrity check (MIC) of the entity-body. A proxy or |
| client may check this header for detecting accidental |
| modification of the entity-body in transit. Example header:</p> |
| <pre> |
| Content-MD5: AuLb7Dp1rqtRtxz2m9kRpA== |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>Note that this can cause performance problems on your server |
| since the message digest is computed on every request (the |
| values are not cached).</p> |
| |
| <p><code>Content-MD5</code> is only sent for documents served |
| by the core, and not by any module. For example, SSI documents, |
| output from CGI scripts, and byte range responses do not have |
| this header.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="coredumpdirectory" |
| name="coredumpdirectory">CoreDumpDirectory directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> CoreDumpDirectory |
| <em>directory-path</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> the same location as |
| ServerRoot<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>This controls the directory to which Apache attempts to |
| switch before dumping core. The default is in the <a |
| href="#serverroot">ServerRoot</a> directory, however since this |
| should not be writable by the user the server runs as, core |
| dumps won't normally get written. If you want a core dump for |
| debugging, you can use this directive to place it in a |
| different location.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>CoreDumpDirectory /tmp</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="defaulttype" name="defaulttype">DefaultType |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> DefaultType |
| <em>MIME-type</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>DefaultType |
| text/plain</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>There will be times when the server is asked to provide a |
| document whose type cannot be determined by its MIME types |
| mappings.</p> |
| |
| <p>The server must inform the client of the content-type of the |
| document, so in the event of an unknown type it uses the |
| <code>DefaultType</code>. For example:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>DefaultType image/gif</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| would be appropriate for a directory which contained many gif |
| images with filenames missing the .gif extension. |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a |
| href="mod_mime.html#addtype">AddType</a> and <a |
| href="mod_mime.html#typesconfig">TypesConfig</a>.</p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="directory" name="directory"><Directory> |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <Directory |
| <em>directory-path</em>|proxy:<em>url-path</em>> |
| ... </Directory> <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core. |
| |
| <p><Directory> and </Directory> are used to enclose |
| a group of directives which will apply only to the named |
| directory and sub-directories of that directory. Any directive |
| which is allowed in a directory context may be used. |
| <em>Directory-path</em> is either the full path to a directory, |
| or a wild-card string. In a wild-card string, `?' matches any |
| single character, and `*' matches any sequences of characters. |
| As of Apache 1.3, you may also use `[ ]' character ranges like |
| in the shell. Also as of Apache 1.3 none of the wildcards match |
| a `/' character, which more closely mimics the behavior of |
| Unix shells. Example:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <Directory /usr/local/httpd/htdocs> |
| Options Indexes FollowSymLinks |
| </Directory> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p><strong>Apache 1.2 and above:</strong> Extended regular |
| expressions can also be used, with the addition of the |
| <code>~</code> character. For example:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <Directory ~ "^/www/.*/[0-9]{3}"> |
| </pre> |
| would match directories in /www/ that consisted of three |
| numbers. |
| |
| <p>If multiple (non-regular expression) directory sections |
| match the directory (or its parents) containing a document, |
| then the directives are applied in the order of shortest match |
| first, interspersed with the directives from the <a |
| href="#accessfilename">.htaccess</a> files. For example, |
| with</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code><Directory /><br /> |
| AllowOverride None<br /> |
| </Directory><br /> |
| <br /> |
| <Directory /home/*><br /> |
| AllowOverride FileInfo<br /> |
| </Directory></code> |
| </blockquote> |
| for access to the document <code>/home/web/dir/doc.html</code> |
| the steps are: |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Apply directive <code>AllowOverride None</code> |
| (disabling <code>.htaccess</code> files).</li> |
| |
| <li>Apply directive <code>AllowOverride FileInfo</code> (for |
| directory <code>/home/web</code>).</li> |
| |
| <li>Apply any FileInfo directives in |
| <code>/home/web/.htaccess</code></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>Regular expression directory sections are handled slightly |
| differently by Apache 1.2 and 1.3. In Apache 1.2 they are |
| interspersed with the normal directory sections and applied in |
| the order they appear in the configuration file. They are |
| applied only once, and apply when the shortest match possible |
| occurs. In Apache 1.3 regular expressions are not considered |
| until after all of the normal sections have been applied. Then |
| all of the regular expressions are tested in the order they |
| appeared in the configuration file. For example, with</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code><Directory ~ abc$><br /> |
| ... directives here ...<br /> |
| </Directory><br /> |
| </code> |
| </blockquote> |
| Suppose that the filename being accessed is |
| <code>/home/abc/public_html/abc/index.html</code>. The server |
| considers each of <code>/</code>, <code>/home</code>, |
| <code>/home/abc</code>, <code>/home/abc/public_html</code>, and |
| <code>/home/abc/public_html/abc</code> in that order. In Apache |
| 1.2, when <code>/home/abc</code> is considered, the regular |
| expression will match and be applied. In Apache 1.3 the regular |
| expression isn't considered at all at that point in the tree. |
| It won't be considered until after all normal |
| <Directory>s and <code>.htaccess</code> files have been |
| applied. Then the regular expression will match on |
| <code>/home/abc/public_html/abc</code> and be applied. |
| |
| <p><strong>Note that the default Apache access for |
| <Directory /> is <samp>Allow from All</samp>. This means |
| that Apache will serve any file mapped from an URL. It is |
| recommended that you change this with a block such |
| as</strong></p> |
| <pre> |
| <Directory /> |
| Order Deny,Allow |
| Deny from All |
| </Directory> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p><strong>and then override this for directories you |
| <em>want</em> accessible. See the <a |
| href="../misc/security_tips.html">Security Tips</a> page for |
| more details.</strong></p> |
| <Directory> directives cannot nest, and cannot appear in |
| a <a href="#limit"><Limit></a> or <a |
| href="#limitexcept"><LimitExcept></a> section. |
| |
| <p>If you have <a href="mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a> enabled, you |
| can use the <code>proxy:</code> syntax to apply configuration |
| directives to proxied content. The syntax for this is to specify the |
| proxied URLs to which you wish to apply the configuration, or to |
| specify <code>*</code> to apply to all proxied content:</p> |
| |
| <p>To apply to all proxied content:</p> |
| |
| <pre> |
| <Directory proxy:*> |
| ... directives here ... |
| </Directory> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>To apply to just a subset of proxied content:</p> |
| |
| <pre> |
| <Directory proxy:http://www.example.com/> |
| ... directives here ... |
| </Directory> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How |
| Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an |
| explanation of how these different sections are combined when a |
| request is received</p> |
| <p><strong>See also</strong>: <a |
| href="#directorymatch">DirectoryMatch</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="directorymatch" |
| name="directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <DirectoryMatch |
| <em>regex</em>> ... </DirectoryMatch> <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core.<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Available in |
| Apache 1.3 and later |
| |
| <p><DirectoryMatch> and </DirectoryMatch> are used |
| to enclose a group of directives which will apply only to the |
| named directory and sub-directories of that directory, the same |
| as <a href="#directory"><Directory></a>. However, it |
| takes as an argument a regular expression. For example:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <DirectoryMatch "^/www/.*/[0-9]{3}"> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>would match directories in /www/ that consisted of three |
| numbers.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See Also:</strong> <a |
| href="#directory"><Directory></a> for a description of |
| how regular expressions are mixed in with normal |
| <Directory>s.<br /> |
| <strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How |
| Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an |
| explanation of how these different sections are combined when a |
| request is received</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="documentroot" name="documentroot">DocumentRoot |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> DocumentRoot |
| <em>directory-path</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>DocumentRoot |
| /usr/local/apache/htdocs</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>This directive sets the directory from which httpd will |
| serve files. Unless matched by a directive like Alias, the |
| server appends the path from the requested URL to the document |
| root to make the path to the document. Example:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>DocumentRoot /usr/web</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| then an access to |
| <code>http://www.my.host.com/index.html</code> refers to |
| <code>/usr/web/index.html</code>. |
| |
| <p>There appears to be a bug in mod_dir which causes problems |
| when the DocumentRoot has a trailing slash (<em>i.e.</em>, |
| "DocumentRoot /usr/web/") so please avoid that.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="ebcdicconvert" |
| name="ebcdicconvert">EBCDICConvert</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> EBCDICConvert |
| On|Off[=<em>direction</em>] <em>extension</em> |
| [<em>extension</em>] ...<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> The configurable |
| EBCDIC conversion is only available in Apache 1.3.19 and later, |
| and on EBCDIC based platforms. |
| |
| <p>The EBCDICConvert directive maps the given filename |
| extensions to the specified conversion setting (<samp>On</samp> |
| or <samp>Off</samp>). File extensions may be specified with or |
| without a leading dot.</p> |
| |
| <p>If the optional format <samp>On=<i>direction</i></samp> (or |
| <samp>Off=<i>direction</i></samp>) is used, where |
| <i>direction</i> is one of <samp>In</samp>, <samp>Out</samp> or |
| <samp>InOut</samp>, then the directive only applies to the |
| specified transfer direction (<samp>In</samp>: uploaded content |
| in a PUT or POST request, <samp>Out</samp>: returned content in |
| a GET or POST request, and <samp>InOut</samp>: conversion in |
| both directions).<br /> |
| Otherwise, <samp>InOut</samp> (conversion in both directions) |
| is implied.</p> |
| |
| <p>Conversion configuration based on file extension is tested |
| prior to configuration based on MIME type, to allow for generic |
| MIME based rules to be overridden by a more specific file |
| extension (several file extensions may exist for the same MIME |
| type).</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example</strong>:<br /> |
| With a configuration like the following, the normal |
| <samp>*.html</samp> files contain HTML text in EBCDIC encoding, |
| while <samp>*.ahtml</samp> files contain HTML text in ASCII |
| encoding:</p> |
| <pre> |
| # *.html and *.ahtml contain HTML text: |
| AddType text/html .html .ahtml |
| |
| # *.ahtml is not converted (contains ASCII text already): |
| EBCDICConvert Off .ahtml |
| |
| # All other text/html files presumably contain EBCDIC text: |
| EBCDICConvertByType On text/html |
| </pre> |
| <br /> |
| <br /> |
| |
| |
| <p><strong>See also</strong>: <a |
| href="#ebcdicconvertbytype">EBCDICConvertByType</a> and <a |
| href="../ebcdic.html#ebcdic">Overview of the EBCDIC Conversion |
| Functions</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="ebcdicconvertbytype" |
| name="ebcdicconvertbytype">EBCDICConvertByType</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> EBCDICConvertByType |
| On|Off[=<em>direction</em>] <em>mimetype</em> |
| [<em>mimetype</em>] ...<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> The configurable |
| EBCDIC conversion is only available in Apache 1.3.19 and later, |
| and on EBCDIC based platforms. |
| |
| <p>The EBCDICConvertByType directive maps the given MIME type |
| (optionally containing wildcards) to the specified conversion |
| setting (<samp>On</samp> or <samp>Off</samp>).</p> |
| |
| <p>If the optional format <samp>On=<i>direction</i></samp> (or |
| <samp>Off=<i>direction</i></samp>) is used, where |
| <i>direction</i> is one of <samp>In</samp>, <samp>Out</samp> or |
| <samp>InOut</samp>, then the directive only applies to the |
| specified transfer direction (<samp>In</samp>: uploaded content |
| in a PUT or POST request, <samp>Out</samp>: returned content in |
| a GET or POST request, and <samp>InOut</samp>: conversion in |
| both directions).<br /> |
| Otherwise, <samp>InOut</samp> (conversion in both directions) |
| is implied.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example</strong>:<br /> |
| A useful standard configuration should at least contain the |
| following defaults:</p> |
| <pre> |
| # All text documents are stored as EBCDIC files: |
| EBCDICConvertByType On text/* message/* multipart/* |
| EBCDICConvertByType On application/x-www-form-urlencoded \ |
| model/vrml application/postscript |
| # All other files are assumed to be binary: |
| EBCDICConvertByType Off */* |
| </pre> |
| If you serve ASCII documents only, for example from an NFS |
| mounted unix server, use: |
| <pre> |
| # All documents are ASCII already: |
| EBCDICConvertByType Off */* |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also</strong>: <a |
| href="#ebcdicconvert">EBCDICConvert</a> and <a |
| href="../ebcdic.html#ebcdic">Overview of the EBCDIC Conversion |
| Functions</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="ebcdickludge" |
| name="ebcdickludge">EBCDICKludge</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> EBCDICKludge |
| On|Off<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>EBCDICKludge |
| Off</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> EBCDICKludge is |
| only available in Apache 1.3.19 and later, and on EBCDIC based |
| platforms. It is deprecated and will be withdrawn in a future |
| version.<br /> |
| |
| |
| <p>The EBCDICKludge is provided for the backward compatible |
| behavior with apache versions 1.3.0 through 1.3.18. In these |
| versions, all files with MIME types starting with "text/", |
| "message/" or "multipart/" or with type |
| "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" would be converted by |
| default, all other documents were returned unconverted. Only if |
| a MIME type "<samp>text/<b>x-ascii-</b><i>subtype</i></samp>" |
| was configured for a certain document, the document was assumed |
| to be in ASCII format already, and was not converted again. |
| Instead, the "<samp><b>x-ascii-</b></samp>" was removed from |
| the type, resulting in the MIME type |
| "<samp>text/<i>subtype</i></samp>" being returned for the |
| document.</p> |
| |
| <p>If the EBCDICKludge directive is set to <samp>On</samp>, and |
| if none of the file extensions configured with the <a |
| href="#ebcdicconvert">EBCDICConvert</a> directive matches in |
| the current context, then the server tests for a MIME type of |
| the format |
| <samp><i>type/</i><b>x-ascii-</b><i>subtype</i></samp>. If the |
| document has such a type, then the |
| "<samp><b>x-ascii-</b></samp>" substring is removed and the |
| conversion set to <samp>Off</samp>. This allows for overriding |
| the implicit assumption that all text files are stored in |
| EBCDIC format, for example when serving documents from an NFS |
| mounted directory with ASCII documents.<br /> |
| By using the EBCDICKludge, there is no way to force one of the |
| other MIME types (<em>e.g.</em>, model/vrml) to be treated as |
| an EBCDIC text file. Use of the <a |
| href="#ebcdicconvertbytype">EBCDICConvertByType</a> directive |
| mentioned above is the preferred way to configure such a |
| conversion. (Before Apache version 1.3.19, there was no way at |
| all to force these binary documents to be treated as EBCDIC |
| text files.)</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also</strong>: <a |
| href="#ebcdicconvert">EBCDICConvert</a>, <a |
| href="#ebcdicconvertbytype">EBCDICConvertByType</a> and <a |
| href="../ebcdic.html#ebcdic">Overview of the EBCDIC Conversion |
| Functions</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="enableexceptionhook" name="enableexceptionhook"> |
| EnableExceptionHook directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> EnableExceptionHook |
| on|off<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>EnableExceptionHook |
| off</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> EnableExceptionHook |
| is available in Apache 1.3.30 and later |
| |
| <p><code>EnableExceptionHook</code> controls whether or not an |
| exception hook implemented by a module will be called after a |
| child process crash. The exception hook allows modules to log |
| diagnostic information that may help determine the cause of the |
| crash.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="errordocument" name="errordocument">ErrorDocument |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ErrorDocument |
| <em>error-code document</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> The directory |
| and .htaccess contexts are only available in Apache 1.1 and |
| later. |
| |
| <p>In the event of a problem or error, Apache can be configured |
| to do one of four things,</p> |
| |
| <ol> |
| <li>output a simple hardcoded error message</li> |
| |
| <li>output a customized message</li> |
| |
| <li>redirect to a local <em>URL-path</em> to handle the |
| problem/error</li> |
| |
| <li>redirect to an external <em>URL</em> to handle the |
| problem/error</li> |
| </ol> |
| |
| <p>The first option is the default, while options 2-4 are |
| configured using the <code>ErrorDocument</code> directive, |
| which is followed by the HTTP response code and a message or |
| URL.</p> |
| |
| <p><em>Messages</em> in this context begin with a single |
| double-quote character (<code>"</code>), which does not form |
| part of the message itself. Apache will sometimes offer |
| additional information regarding the problem/error.</p> |
| |
| <p>URLs can begin with a slash (/) for local URLs, or be a full |
| URL which the client can resolve. Examples:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>ErrorDocument 500 |
| http://foo.example.com/cgi-bin/tester<br /> |
| ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/bad_urls.pl<br /> |
| ErrorDocument 401 /subscription_info.html<br /> |
| ErrorDocument 403 "Sorry can't allow you access today</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <p>Note that when you specify an <code>ErrorDocument</code> |
| that points to a remote URL (ie. anything with a method such as |
| "http" in front of it), Apache will send a redirect to the |
| client to tell it where to find the document, even if the |
| document ends up being on the same server. This has several |
| implications, the most important being that the client will not |
| receive the original error status code, but instead will |
| receive a redirect status code. This in turn can confuse web |
| robots and other clients which try to determine if a URL is |
| valid using the status code. In addition, if you use a remote |
| URL in an <code>ErrorDocument 401</code>, the client will not |
| know to prompt the user for a password since it will not |
| receive the 401 status code. Therefore, <strong>if you use an |
| "ErrorDocument 401" directive then it must refer to a local |
| document.</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE) will by default ignore |
| server-generated error messages when they are "too small" and substitute |
| its own "friendly" error messages. The size threshold varies depending on |
| the type of error, but in general, if you make your error document |
| greater than 512 bytes, then MSIE will show the server-generated |
| error rather than masking it. More information is available in |
| Microsoft Knowledgebase article <a |
| href="http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;Q294807" |
| >Q294807</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>See Also: <a href="../custom-error.html">documentation of |
| customizable responses.</a> See the <a |
| href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html">HTTP |
| specification</a> for a complete list of the status codes and their |
| meanings.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="errorlog" name="errorlog">ErrorLog |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ErrorLog |
| <em>file-path</em>|syslog[:<em>facility</em>] <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ErrorLog |
| logs/error_log</code> (Unix)<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ErrorLog |
| logs/error.log</code> (Windows and OS/2)<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The error log directive sets the name of the file to which |
| the server will log any errors it encounters. If the |
| <em>file-path</em> does not begin with a slash (/) then it is |
| assumed to be relative to the <a |
| href="#serverroot">ServerRoot</a>. If the <em>file-path</em> |
| begins with a pipe (|) then it is assumed to be a command to |
| spawn to handle the error log.</p> |
| |
| <p>Examples</p> |
| |
| <p><code>ErrorLog logs/vhost1.error</code></p> |
| |
| or |
| |
| <p><code>ErrorLog |/usr/local/bin/errorlog.pl</code></p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Apache 1.3 and above:</strong> Using |
| <code>syslog</code> instead of a filename enables logging via |
| syslogd(8) if the system supports it. The default is to use |
| syslog facility <code>local7</code>, but you can override this |
| by using the <code>syslog:</code><em>facility</em> syntax where |
| <em>facility</em> can be one of the names usually documented in |
| syslog(1).</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <p><code>ErrorLog syslog</code></p> |
| |
| or |
| |
| <p><code>ErrorLog syslog:user</code></p> |
| |
| <p>SECURITY: See the <a |
| href="../misc/security_tips.html#serverroot">security tips</a> |
| document for details on why your security could be compromised |
| if the directory where logfiles are stored is writable by |
| anyone other than the user that starts the server.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="#loglevel">LogLevel</a> |
| and <a href="../logs.html">Apache Log Files</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="fileetag" name="fileetag">FileETag directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> FileETag |
| <i>component</i> ...<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> FileInfo<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> only available |
| in Apache 1.3.23 versions and later. |
| |
| <p> |
| The FileETag directive configures the file attributes that are |
| used to create the ETag (entity tag) response header field |
| when the document is based on a file. |
| (The ETag value is used in cache management to save network |
| bandwidth.) In Apache 1.3.22 and earlier, the ETag value was |
| <i>always</i> formed from the file's inode, size, and last-modified |
| time (mtime). The FileETag directive allows you to choose |
| which of these -- if any -- should be used. The recognized |
| keywords are: |
| </p> |
| <dl compact="compact"> |
| <dt><b>INode</b></dt> |
| <dd>The file's i-node number will be included in the calculation</dd> |
| <dt><b>MTime</b></dt> |
| <dd>The date and time the file was last modified will be included</dd> |
| <dt><b>Size</b></dt> |
| <dd>The number of bytes in the file will be included</dd> |
| <dt><b>All</b></dt> |
| <dd>All available fields will be used (equivalent to |
| '<code>FileETag INode MTime Size</code>')</dd> |
| <dt><b>None</b></dt> |
| <dd>If a document is file-based, no ETag field will be included in the |
| response</dd> |
| </dl> |
| <p> |
| The INode, MTime, and Size keywords may be prefixed with either '+' |
| or '-', which allow changes to be made to the default setting |
| inherited from a broader scope. Any keyword appearing without |
| such a prefix immediately and completely cancels the inherited |
| setting. |
| </p> |
| <p> |
| If a directory's configuration includes |
| '<code>FileETag INode MTime Size</code>', and a |
| subdirectory's includes '<code>FileETag -INode</code>', |
| the setting for that subdirectory (which will be inherited by |
| any sub-subdirectories that don't override it) will be equivalent to |
| '<code>FileETag MTime Size</code>'. |
| </p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="files" name="files"><Files> directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <Files |
| <em>filename</em>> ... </Files><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> only available |
| in Apache 1.2 and above. |
| |
| <p>The <Files> directive provides for access control by |
| filename. It is comparable to the <a |
| href="#directory"><Directory></a> directive and <a |
| href="#location"><Location></a> directives. It should be |
| matched with a </Files> directive. The directives given |
| within this section will be applied to any object with a |
| basename (last component of filename) matching the specified |
| filename. <code><Files></code> sections are processed in |
| the order they appear in the configuration file, after the |
| <Directory> sections and <code>.htaccess</code> files are |
| read, but before <Location> sections. Note that |
| <Files> can be nested inside <Directory> sections |
| to restrict the portion of the filesystem they apply to.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <em>filename</em> argument should include a filename, or |
| a wild-card string, where `?' matches any single character, and |
| `*' matches any sequences of characters. Extended regular |
| expressions can also be used, with the addition of the |
| <code>~</code> character. For example:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <Files ~ "\.(gif|jpe?g|png)$"> |
| </pre> |
| would match most common Internet graphics formats. In Apache |
| 1.3 and later, <a href="#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a> is |
| preferred, however. |
| |
| <p>Note that unlike <a |
| href="#directory"><code><Directory></code></a> and <a |
| href="#location"><code><Location></code></a> sections, |
| <code><Files></code> sections can be used inside |
| .htaccess files. This allows users to control access to their |
| own files, at a file-by-file level. |
| For example, to password protect a single file within a |
| particular directory, you might add the following to your |
| <code>.htaccess</code> file:</p> |
| |
| <pre> |
| <Files admin.cgi> |
| Require group admin |
| </Files></pre> |
| |
| <p>Remember that directives apply to subdirectories as well, so this |
| will also protect files called <code>admin.cgi</code> in |
| subdirectories, unless specifically overridden.</p> |
| |
| <p>(See <a href="#require">Require</a> for details on using the |
| <code>Require</code> directive)</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How |
| Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an |
| explanation of how these different sections are combined when a |
| request is received</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="filesmatch" |
| name="filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <FilesMatch |
| <em>regex</em>> ... </FilesMatch><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> only available |
| in Apache 1.3 and above. |
| |
| <p>The <FilesMatch> directive provides for access control |
| by filename, just as the <a href="#files"><Files></a> |
| directive does. However, it accepts a regular expression. For |
| example:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <FilesMatch "\.(gif|jpe?g|png)$"> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>would match most common Internet graphics formats.</p> |
| <strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How |
| Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an |
| explanation of how these different sections are combined when a |
| request is received |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="group" name="group">Group directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Group |
| <em>unix-group</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>Group |
| #-1</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The Group directive sets the group under which the server |
| will answer requests. In order to use this directive, the |
| stand-alone server must be run initially as root. |
| <em>Unix-group</em> is one of:</p> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt>A group name</dt> |
| |
| <dd>Refers to the given group by name.</dd> |
| |
| <dt># followed by a group number.</dt> |
| |
| <dd>Refers to a group by its number.</dd> |
| </dl> |
| <p>It is recommended that you set up a new group specifically for |
| running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>, |
| but this is not always possible or desirable.</p> |
| |
| <p>Example:</p> |
| |
| <code>Group www-group</code> |
| |
| <p>Note: if you start the server as a non-root user, it will |
| fail to change to the specified group, and will instead |
| continue to run as the group of the original user.</p> |
| |
| <p>Special note: Use of this directive in <VirtualHost> |
| requires a properly configured <a href="../suexec.html">suEXEC |
| wrapper</a>. When used inside a <VirtualHost> in this |
| manner, only the group that CGIs are run as is affected. |
| Non-CGI requests are still processed as the group specified in |
| the main Group directive.</p> |
| |
| <p>SECURITY: See <a href="#user">User</a> for a discussion of |
| the security considerations.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="hostnamelookups" |
| name="hostnamelookups">HostnameLookups directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> HostnameLookups |
| on|off|double<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>HostnameLookups |
| off</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> |
| <code>double</code> available only in Apache 1.3 and |
| above.<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Default was |
| <code>on</code> prior to Apache 1.3. |
| |
| <p>This directive enables DNS lookups so that host names can be |
| logged (and passed to CGIs/SSIs in <code>REMOTE_HOST</code>). |
| The value <code>double</code> refers to doing double-reverse |
| DNS. That is, after a reverse lookup is performed, a forward |
| lookup is then performed on that result. At least one of the ip |
| addresses in the forward lookup must match the original |
| address. (In "tcpwrappers" terminology this is called |
| <code>PARANOID</code>.)</p> |
| |
| <p>Regardless of the setting, when <a |
| href="mod_access.html">mod_access</a> is used for controlling |
| access by hostname, a double reverse lookup will be performed. |
| This is necessary for security. Note that the result of this |
| double-reverse isn't generally available unless you set |
| <code>HostnameLookups double</code>. For example, if only |
| <code>HostnameLookups on</code> and a request is made to an |
| object that is protected by hostname restrictions, regardless |
| of whether the double-reverse fails or not, CGIs will still be |
| passed the single-reverse result in |
| <code>REMOTE_HOST</code>.</p> |
| |
| <p>The default for this directive was previously |
| <code>on</code> in versions of Apache prior to 1.3. It was |
| changed to <code>off</code> in order to save the network |
| traffic for those sites that don't truly need the reverse |
| lookups done. It is also better for the end users because they |
| don't have to suffer the extra latency that a lookup entails. |
| Heavily loaded sites should leave this directive |
| <code>off</code>, since DNS lookups can take considerable |
| amounts of time. The utility <a |
| href="../programs/logresolve.html">logresolve</a>, provided in |
| the <em>/support</em> directory, can be used to look up host |
| names from logged IP addresses offline.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="identitycheck" name="identitycheck">IdentityCheck |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> IdentityCheck |
| on|off<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>IdentityCheck |
| off</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>This directive enables RFC1413-compliant logging of the |
| remote user name for each connection, where the client machine |
| runs identd or something similar. This information is logged in |
| the access log.</p> |
| |
| <p>The information should not be trusted in any way except for |
| rudimentary usage tracking.</p> |
| |
| <p>Note that this can cause serious latency problems accessing |
| your server since every request requires one of these lookups |
| to be performed. When firewalls are involved each lookup might |
| possibly fail and add 30 seconds of latency to each hit. So in |
| general this is not very useful on public servers accessible |
| from the Internet.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="ifdefine" name="ifdefine"><IfDefine> |
| directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <IfDefine |
| [!]<em>parameter-name</em>> <em>...</em> |
| </IfDefine><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> None<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> all<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> <IfDefine> |
| is only available in 1.3.1 and later. |
| |
| <p>The <IfDefine <em>test</em>>...</IfDefine> |
| section is used to mark directives that are conditional. The |
| directives within an IfDefine section are only processed if the |
| <em>test</em> is true. If <em>test</em> is false, everything |
| between the start and end markers is ignored.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <em>test</em> in the <IfDefine> section directive |
| can be one of two forms:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><em>parameter-name</em></li> |
| |
| <li><code>!</code><em>parameter-name</em></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>In the former case, the directives between the start and end |
| markers are only processed if the parameter named |
| <em>parameter-name</em> is defined. The second format reverses |
| the test, and only processes the directives if |
| <em>parameter-name</em> is <strong>not</strong> defined.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <em>parameter-name</em> argument is a define as given on |
| the <code>httpd</code> command line via |
| <code>-D</code><em>parameter-</em>, at the time the server was |
| started.</p> |
| |
| <p><IfDefine> sections are nest-able, which can be used |
| to implement simple multiple-parameter tests. Example:</p> |
| <pre> |
| $ httpd -DReverseProxy ... |
| |
| # httpd.conf |
| <IfDefine ReverseProxy> |
| LoadModule rewrite_module libexec/mod_rewrite.so |
| LoadModule proxy_module libexec/libproxy.so |
| </IfDefine> |
| </pre> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="ifmodule" name="ifmodule"><IfModule> |
| directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <IfModule |
| [!]<em>module-name</em>> <em>...</em> |
| </IfModule><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> None<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> all<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> IfModule is only |
| available in 1.2 and later. |
| |
| <p>The <IfModule <em>test</em>>...</IfModule> |
| section is used to mark directives that are conditional. The |
| directives within an IfModule section are only processed if the |
| <em>test</em> is true. If <em>test</em> is false, everything |
| between the start and end markers is ignored.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <em>test</em> in the <IfModule> section directive |
| can be one of two forms:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><em>module name</em></li> |
| |
| <li>!<em>module name</em></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>In the former case, the directives between the start and end |
| markers are only processed if the module named <em>module |
| name</em> is included in Apache -- either compiled in or |
| dynamically loaded using <a |
| href="mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a>. The second format |
| reverses the test, and only processes the directives if <em>module |
| name</em> is <strong>not</strong> included.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <em>module name</em> argument is the file name of the |
| module, at the time it was compiled. |
| For example, <code>mod_rewrite.c</code>.</p> |
| |
| <p><IfModule> sections are nest-able, which can be used |
| to implement simple multiple-module tests.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="include" name="include">Include directive</a></h2> |
| <strong>Syntax:</strong> Include |
| <em>file-path</em>|<em>directory-path</em>|<em>wildcard-path</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Include is only |
| available in Apache 1.3 and later. Wildcards were introduced in |
| version 1.3.27. |
| |
| <p>This directive allows inclusion of other configuration files |
| from within the server configuration files.</p> |
| |
| <p>The file path specified may be a fully qualified path (i.e. |
| starting with a slash), or may be relative to the |
| <code>ServerRoot</code> directory.</p> |
| |
| <p>New in Apache 1.3.13 is the feature that if |
| <code>Include</code> points to a directory, rather than a file, |
| Apache will read all files in that directory, and any |
| subdirectory, and parse those as configuration files.</p> |
| <p>By using a wildcard this can be further limited to, say, |
| just the '*.conf' files. |
| </p> |
| <p>Examples:</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>Include /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.conf<br /> |
| Include /usr/local/apache/conf/vhosts/ |
| </code> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <p>Or, providing paths relative to your <code>ServerRoot</code> |
| directory:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>Include conf/ssl.conf<br /> |
| Include conf/vhosts/ |
| </code> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <p>Make sure that an included directory does not contain any stray |
| files, such as editor temporary files, for example, as Apache will |
| attempt to read them in and use the contents as configuration |
| directives, which may cause the server to fail on start up. |
| Running <code>apachectl configtest</code> will give you a list of |
| the files that are being processed during the configuration |
| check:</p> |
| |
| <pre> |
| root@host# apachectl configtest |
| Processing config directory: /usr/local/apache/conf/vhosts |
| Processing config file: /usr/local/apache/conf/vhosts/vhost1 |
| Processing config file: /usr/local/apache/conf/vhosts/vhost2 |
| Syntax OK |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>This will help in verifying that you are getting only the files |
| that you intended as part of your configuration.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also</strong>: <a |
| href="../programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="keepalive" name="keepalive">KeepAlive |
| directive</a></h2> |
| <strong>Syntax: (Apache 1.1)</strong> KeepAlive |
| <em>max-requests</em><br /> |
| <strong>Default: (Apache 1.1)</strong> <code>KeepAlive |
| 5</code><br /> |
| <strong>Syntax: (Apache 1.2)</strong> KeepAlive on|off<br /> |
| <strong>Default: (Apache 1.2)</strong> <code>KeepAlive |
| On</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> KeepAlive is |
| only available in Apache 1.1 and later. |
| |
| <p>The Keep-Alive extension to HTTP/1.0 and the persistent |
| connection feature of HTTP/1.1 provide long-lived HTTP sessions |
| which allow multiple requests to be sent over the same TCP |
| connection. In some cases this has been shown to result in an |
| almost 50% speedup in latency times for HTML documents with |
| many images. To enable Keep-Alive connections in Apache 1.2 and |
| later, set <code>KeepAlive On</code>.</p> |
| |
| <p>For HTTP/1.0 clients, Keep-Alive connections will only be |
| used if they are specifically requested by a client. In |
| addition, a Keep-Alive connection with an HTTP/1.0 client can |
| only be used when the length of the content is known in |
| advance. This implies that dynamic content such as CGI output, |
| SSI pages, and server-generated directory listings will |
| generally not use Keep-Alive connections to HTTP/1.0 clients. |
| For HTTP/1.1 clients, persistent connections are the default |
| unless otherwise specified. If the client requests it, chunked |
| encoding will be used in order to send content of unknown |
| length over persistent connections.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Apache 1.1 only</strong>: Set <em>max-requests</em> |
| to the maximum number of requests you want Apache to entertain |
| per connection. A limit is imposed to prevent a client from |
| hogging your server resources. Set this to <code>0</code> to |
| disable support. In Apache 1.2 and 1.3, this is controlled |
| through the MaxKeepAliveRequests directive instead.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a |
| href="#maxkeepaliverequests">MaxKeepAliveRequests</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="keepalivetimeout" |
| name="keepalivetimeout">KeepAliveTimeout directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> KeepAliveTimeout |
| <em>seconds</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>KeepAliveTimeout |
| 15</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> KeepAliveTimeout |
| is only available in Apache 1.1 and later. |
| |
| <p>The number of seconds Apache will wait for a subsequent |
| request before closing the connection. Once a request has been |
| received, the timeout value specified by the <a |
| href="#timeout"><code>Timeout</code></a> directive applies.</p> |
| |
| <p>Setting <code>KeepAliveTimeout</code> to a high value may |
| cause performance problems in heavily loaded servers. The |
| higher the timeout, the more server processes will be kept |
| occupied waiting on connections with idle clients.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="limit" name="limit"><Limit> directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <Limit |
| <em>method</em> [<em>method</em>] ... > ... |
| </Limit><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> any<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>Access controls are normally effective for |
| <strong>all</strong> access methods, and this is the usual |
| desired behavior. <strong>In the general case, access control |
| directives should not be placed within a |
| <code><limit></code> section.</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>The purpose of the <Limit> directive is to restrict |
| the effect of the access controls to the nominated HTTP |
| methods. For all other methods, the access restrictions that |
| are enclosed in the <Limit> bracket <strong>will have no |
| effect</strong>. The following example applies the access |
| control only to the methods POST, PUT, and DELETE, leaving all |
| other methods unprotected:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code><Limit POST PUT DELETE><br /> |
| Require valid-user<br /> |
| </Limit></code> |
| </blockquote> |
| <p>The method names listed can be one or more of: GET, POST, PUT, |
| DELETE, CONNECT, OPTIONS, PATCH, PROPFIND, PROPPATCH, |
| MKCOL, COPY, MOVE, LOCK, and UNLOCK. <strong>The method name is |
| case-sensitive.</strong> If GET is used it will also restrict |
| HEAD requests. The TRACE method cannot be limited.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Warning:</strong> A <a |
| href="#limitexcept"><LimitExcept></a> section should |
| always be used in preference to a <a |
| href="#limit"><Limit></a> section when restricting access, |
| since a <a href="#limitexcept"><LimitExcept></a> section |
| provides protection against arbitrary methods.</p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="limitexcept" name="limitexcept"><LimitExcept> |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <LimitExcept |
| <em>method</em> [<em>method</em>] ... > ... |
| </LimitExcept><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> any<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Available in |
| Apache 1.3.5 and later |
| |
| <p><LimitExcept> and </LimitExcept> are used to |
| enclose a group of access control directives which will then |
| apply to any HTTP access method <strong>not</strong> listed in |
| the arguments; <em>i.e.</em>, it is the opposite of a <a |
| href="#limit"><Limit></a> section and can be used to |
| control both standard and nonstandard/unrecognized methods. See |
| the documentation for <a href="#limit"><Limit></a> for |
| more details.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <pre> |
| <LimitExcept POST GET> |
| Require valid-user |
| </LimitExcept> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="limitinternalrecursion" |
| name="limitinternalrecursion">LimitInternalRecursion directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LimitInternalRecursion |
| <em>number</em> [<em>number</em>]<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>LimitInternalRecursion |
| 20</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> LimitInternalRecursion |
| is only available in Apache 1.3.28 and later. |
| |
| <p>An internal redirect happens, for example, when using the <a |
| href="mod_actions.html#action">Action</a> directive, which internally |
| redirects the original request to a CGI script. A subrequest is Apache's |
| mechanism to find out what would happen for some URI if it were requested. |
| For example, <a href="mod_dir.html">mod_dir</a> uses subrequests to look |
| for the files listed in the <a |
| href="mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a> |
| directive.</p> |
| |
| <p><code>LimitInternalRecursion</code> prevents the server |
| from crashing when entering an infinite loop of internal redirects or |
| subrequests. Such loops are usually caused by misconfigurations.</p> |
| |
| <p>The directive stores two different limits, which are evaluated on |
| per-request basis. The first <em>number</em> is the maximum number of |
| internal redirects, that may follow each other. The second <em>number</em> |
| determines, how deep subrequests may be nested. If you specify only one |
| <em>number</em>, it will be assigned to both limits. A value of |
| <code>0</code> means "unlimited".</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Example</strong></p> |
| <pre> |
| LimitInternalRecursion 5 |
| </pre> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="limitrequestbody" |
| name="limitrequestbody">LimitRequestBody directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LimitRequestBody |
| <em>bytes</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>LimitRequestBody |
| 0</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> LimitRequestBody |
| is only available in Apache 1.3.2 and later. |
| |
| <p>This directive specifies the number of <em>bytes</em> from 0 |
| (meaning unlimited) to 2147483647 (2GB) that are allowed in a |
| request body.</p> |
| |
| <p>The LimitRequestBody directive allows the user to set a |
| limit on the allowed size of an HTTP request message body |
| within the context in which the directive is given (server, |
| per-directory, per-file or per-location). If the client request |
| exceeds that limit, the server will return an error response |
| instead of servicing the request. The size of a normal request |
| message body will vary greatly depending on the nature of the |
| resource and the methods allowed on that resource. CGI scripts |
| typically use the message body for passing form information to |
| the server. Implementations of the PUT method will require a |
| value at least as large as any representation that the server |
| wishes to accept for that resource.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive gives the server administrator greater |
| control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be |
| useful for avoiding some forms of denial-of-service |
| attacks.</p> |
| |
| <p>If, for example, you are permitting file upload to a particular |
| location, and wich to limit the size of the uploaded file to 100K, |
| you might use the following directive:</p> |
| |
| <pre>LimitRequestBody 102400</pre> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="limitrequestfields" |
| name="limitrequestfields">LimitRequestFields directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LimitRequestFields |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> |
| <code>LimitRequestFields 100</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> |
| LimitRequestFields is only available in Apache 1.3.2 and later. |
| |
| |
| <p><em>Number</em> is an integer from 0 (meaning unlimited) to |
| 32767. The default value is defined by the compile-time |
| constant <code>DEFAULT_LIMIT_REQUEST_FIELDS</code> (100 as |
| distributed).</p> |
| |
| <p>The LimitRequestFields directive allows the server |
| administrator to modify the limit on the number of request |
| header fields allowed in an HTTP request. A server needs this |
| value to be larger than the number of fields that a normal |
| client request might include. The number of request header |
| fields used by a client rarely exceeds 20, but this may vary |
| among different client implementations, often depending upon |
| the extent to which a user has configured their browser to |
| support detailed content negotiation. Optional HTTP extensions |
| are often expressed using request header fields.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive gives the server administrator greater |
| control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be |
| useful for avoiding some forms of denial-of-service attacks. |
| The value should be increased if normal clients see an error |
| response from the server that indicates too many fields were |
| sent in the request.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <pre>LimitRequestFields 50</pre> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="limitrequestfieldsize" |
| name="limitrequestfieldsize">LimitRequestFieldsize |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LimitRequestFieldsize |
| <em>bytes</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> |
| <code>LimitRequestFieldsize 8190</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> |
| LimitRequestFieldsize is only available in Apache 1.3.2 and |
| later. |
| |
| <p>This directive specifies the number of <em>bytes</em> from 0 |
| to the value of the compile-time constant |
| <code>DEFAULT_LIMIT_REQUEST_FIELDSIZE</code> (8190 as |
| distributed) that will be allowed in an HTTP request |
| header.</p> |
| |
| <p>The LimitRequestFieldsize directive allows the server |
| administrator to reduce the limit on the allowed size of an |
| HTTP request header field below the normal input buffer size |
| compiled with the server. A server needs this value to be large |
| enough to hold any one header field from a normal client |
| request. The size of a normal request header field will vary |
| greatly among different client implementations, often depending |
| upon the extent to which a user has configured their browser to |
| support detailed content negotiation.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive gives the server administrator greater |
| control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be |
| useful for avoiding some forms of denial-of-service attacks.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <pre>LimitRequestFieldSize 16380</pre> |
| |
| <p>Under normal conditions, the value should not be changed from |
| the default.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="limitrequestline" |
| name="limitrequestline">LimitRequestLine directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LimitRequestLine |
| <em>bytes</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>LimitRequestLine |
| 8190</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> LimitRequestLine |
| is only available in Apache 1.3.2 and later. |
| |
| <p>This directive sets the number of <em>bytes</em> from 0 to |
| the value of the compile-time constant |
| <code>DEFAULT_LIMIT_REQUEST_LINE</code> (8190 as distributed) |
| that will be allowed on the HTTP request-line.</p> |
| |
| <p>The LimitRequestLine directive allows the server |
| administrator to reduce the limit on the allowed size of a |
| client's HTTP request-line below the normal input buffer size |
| compiled with the server. Since the request-line consists of |
| the HTTP method, URI, and protocol version, the |
| LimitRequestLine directive places a restriction on the length |
| of a request-URI allowed for a request on the server. A server |
| needs this value to be large enough to hold any of its resource |
| names, including any information that might be passed in the |
| query part of a GET request.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive gives the server administrator greater |
| control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be |
| useful for avoiding some forms of denial-of-service attacks.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <pre>LimitRequestLine 16380</pre> |
| |
| <p>Under normal conditions, the value should not be changed from |
| the default.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="listen" name="listen">Listen directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Listen |
| [<em>IP-address</em>:]<em>port</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Listen is only |
| available in Apache 1.1 and later. |
| |
| <p>The Listen directive instructs Apache to listen to more than |
| one IP address or port; by default it responds to requests on |
| all IP interfaces, but only on the port given by the <code><a |
| href="#port">Port</a></code> directive.</p> |
| <tt>Listen</tt> can be used instead of <tt><a |
| href="#bindaddress">BindAddress</a></tt> and <tt>Port</tt>. It |
| tells the server to accept incoming requests on the specified |
| port or address-and-port combination. If the first format is |
| used, with a port number only, the server listens to the given |
| port on all interfaces, instead of the port given by the |
| <tt>Port</tt> directive. If an IP address is given as well as a |
| port, the server will listen on the given port and interface. |
| |
| <p>Note that you may still require a <tt>Port</tt> directive so |
| that URLs that Apache generates that point to your server still |
| work.</p> |
| |
| <p>Multiple Listen directives may be used to specify a number |
| of addresses and ports to listen to. The server will respond to |
| requests from any of the listed addresses and ports.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both |
| port 80 and port 8000, use:</p> |
| <pre> |
| Listen 80 |
| Listen 8000 |
| </pre> |
| To make the server accept connections on two specified |
| interfaces and port numbers, use |
| <pre> |
| Listen 192.170.2.1:80 |
| Listen 192.170.2.5:8000 |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p><strong>See Also:</strong> <a href="../dns-caveats.html">DNS |
| Issues</a><br /> |
| <strong>See Also:</strong> <a href="../bind.html">Setting |
| which addresses and ports Apache uses</a><br /> |
| <strong>See Also:</strong> <a |
| href="http://httpd.apache.org/info/known_bugs.html#listenbug">Known |
| Bugs</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="listenbacklog" name="listenbacklog">ListenBacklog |
| directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ListenBacklog |
| <em>backlog</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ListenBacklog |
| 511</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ListenBacklog is |
| only available in Apache versions after 1.2.0. |
| |
| <p>The maximum length of the queue of pending connections. |
| Generally no tuning is needed or desired, however on some |
| systems it is desirable to increase this when under a TCP SYN |
| flood attack. See the backlog parameter to the |
| <code>listen(2)</code> system call.</p> |
| |
| <p>This will often be limited to a smaller number by the |
| operating system. This varies from OS to OS. Also note that |
| many OSes do not use exactly what is specified as the backlog, |
| but use a number based on (but normally larger than) what is |
| set.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="location" name="location"><Location> |
| directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <Location |
| <em>URL-path</em>|<em>URL</em>> ... </Location><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Location is only |
| available in Apache 1.1 and later. |
| |
| <p>The <Location> directive provides for access control |
| by URL. It is similar to the <a |
| href="#directory"><Directory></a> directive, and starts a |
| subsection which is terminated with a </Location> |
| directive. <code><Location></code> sections are processed |
| in the order they appear in the configuration file, after the |
| <Directory> sections and <code>.htaccess</code> files are |
| read, and after the <Files> sections.</p> |
| |
| <p>Note that URLs do not have to line up with the filesystem at |
| all, it should be emphasized that <Location> operates |
| completely outside the filesystem.</p> |
| |
| <p>For all origin (non-proxy) requests, the URL to be matched |
| is of the form <code>/path/</code>, and you should not include |
| any <code>http://servername</code> prefix. For proxy requests, |
| the URL to be matched is of the form |
| <code>scheme://servername/path</code>, and you must include the |
| prefix.</p> |
| |
| <p>The URL may use wildcards In a wild-card string, `?' matches |
| any single character, and `*' matches any sequences of |
| characters.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Apache 1.2 and above:</strong> Extended regular |
| expressions can also be used, with the addition of the |
| <code>~</code> character. For example:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <Location ~ "/(extra|special)/data"> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>would match URLs that contained the substring "/extra/data" |
| or "/special/data". In Apache 1.3 and above, a new directive <a |
| href="#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a> exists which |
| behaves identical to the regex version of |
| <code><Location></code>.</p> |
| |
| <p>The <code>Location</code> functionality is especially useful |
| when combined with the <code><a |
| href="mod_mime.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code> |
| directive. For example, to enable status requests, but allow |
| them only from browsers at foo.com, you might use:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <Location /status> |
| SetHandler server-status |
| Order Deny,Allow |
| Deny from all |
| Allow from .foo.com |
| </Location> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p><strong>Apache 1.3 and above note about / (slash)</strong>: |
| The slash character has special meaning depending on where in a |
| URL it appears. People may be used to its behavior in the |
| filesystem where multiple adjacent slashes are frequently |
| collapsed to a single slash (<em>i.e.</em>, |
| <code>/home///foo</code> is the same as |
| <code>/home/foo</code>). In URL-space this is not necessarily |
| true. The <code><LocationMatch></code> directive and the |
| regex version of <code><Location></code> require you to |
| explicitly specify multiple slashes if that is your intention. |
| For example, <code><LocationMatch ^/abc></code> would |
| match the request URL <code>/abc</code> but not the request URL |
| <code>//abc</code>. The (non-regex) |
| <code><Location></code> directive behaves similarly when |
| used for proxy requests. But when (non-regex) |
| <code><Location></code> is used for non-proxy requests it |
| will implicitly match multiple slashes with a single slash. For |
| example, if you specify <code><Location /abc/def></code> |
| and the request is to <code>/abc//def</code> then it will |
| match.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How |
| Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an |
| explanation of how these different sections are combined when a |
| request is received</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="locationmatch" |
| name="locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <LocationMatch |
| <em>regex</em>> ... </LocationMatch><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> LocationMatch is |
| only available in Apache 1.3 and later. |
| |
| <p>The <LocationMatch> directive provides for access |
| control by URL, in an identical manner to <a |
| href="#location"><Location></a>. However, it takes a |
| regular expression as an argument instead of a simple string. |
| For example:</p> |
| <pre> |
| <LocationMatch "/(extra|special)/data"> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>would match URLs that contained the substring "/extra/data" |
| or "/special/data".</p> |
| <strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How |
| Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an |
| explanation of how these different sections are combined when a |
| request is received |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="lockfile" name="lockfile">LockFile |
| directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LockFile |
| <em>file-path</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>LockFile |
| logs/accept.lock</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The LockFile directive sets the path to the lockfile used |
| when Apache is compiled with either USE_FCNTL_SERIALIZED_ACCEPT |
| or USE_FLOCK_SERIALIZED_ACCEPT. This directive should normally |
| be left at its default value. The main reason for changing it |
| is if the <code>logs</code> directory is NFS mounted, since |
| <strong>the lockfile must be stored on a local disk</strong>. |
| The PID of the main server process is automatically appended to |
| the filename.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>SECURITY:</strong> It is best to avoid putting this |
| file in a world writable directory such as |
| <code>/var/tmp</code> because someone could create a denial of |
| service attack and prevent the server from starting by creating |
| a lockfile with the same name as the one the server will try to |
| create.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="loglevel" name="loglevel">LogLevel |
| directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> LogLevel |
| <em>level</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>LogLevel |
| warn</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> LogLevel is only |
| available in 1.3 or later. |
| |
| <p>LogLevel adjusts the verbosity of the messages recorded in |
| the error logs (see <a href="#errorlog">ErrorLog</a> |
| directive). The following <em>level</em>s are available, in |
| order of decreasing significance:</p> |
| |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <th align="left"><strong>Level</strong> </th> |
| |
| <th align="left"><strong>Description</strong> </th> |
| <th align="left"><strong>Example</strong> </th> |
| </tr> |
| |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>emerg</code> </td> |
| |
| <td>Emergencies - system is unusable.</td> |
| <td>"Child cannot open lock file. Exiting"</td> |
| </tr> |
| |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>alert</code> </td> |
| |
| <td>Action must be taken immediately.</td> |
| <td>"getpwuid: couldn't determine user name from uid"</td> |
| </tr> |
| |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>crit</code> </td> |
| |
| <td>Critical Conditions.</td> |
| <td>"socket: Failed to get a socket, exiting child"</td> |
| </tr> |
| |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>error</code> </td> |
| |
| <td>Error conditions.</td> |
| <td>"Premature end of script headers"</td> |
| </tr> |
| |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>warn</code> </td> |
| |
| <td>Warning conditions.</td> |
| <td>"child process 1234 did not exit, sending another |
| SIGHUP"</td> |
| </tr> |
| |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>notice</code> </td> |
| |
| <td>Normal but significant condition.</td> |
| <td>"httpd: caught SIGBUS, attempting to dump core in |
| ..."</td> |
| </tr> |
| |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>info</code> </td> |
| |
| <td>Informational.</td> |
| <td>"Server seems busy, (you may need to increase |
| StartServers, or Min/MaxSpareServers)..."</td> |
| </tr> |
| |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>debug</code> </td> |
| |
| <td>Debug-level messages</td> |
| <td>"Opening config file ..."</td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| |
| <p>When a particular level is specified, messages from all |
| other levels of higher significance will be reported as well. |
| <em>E.g.</em>, when <code>LogLevel info</code> is specified, |
| then messages with log levels of <code>notice</code> and |
| <code>warn</code> will also be posted.</p> |
| |
| <p>Using a level of at least <code>crit</code> is |
| recommended.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| |
| <pre>LogLevel notice</pre> |
| |
| <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> When logging to a regular file messages |
| of the level <code>notice</code> cannot be suppressed and thus are |
| always logged. However, this doesn't apply when logging is done |
| using <code>syslog</code>.</p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="maxclients" name="maxclients">MaxClients |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> MaxClients |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>MaxClients |
| 256</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The MaxClients directive sets the limit on the number of |
| simultaneous requests that can be supported; not more than this |
| number of child server processes will be created. To configure |
| more than 256 clients, you must edit the HARD_SERVER_LIMIT |
| entry in httpd.h and recompile.</p> |
| |
| <p>Any connection attempts over the MaxClients limit will |
| normally be queued, up to a number based on the <a |
| href="#listenbacklog">ListenBacklog</a> directive. Once a child |
| process is freed at the end of a different request, the |
| connection will then be serviced.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="maxkeepaliverequests" |
| name="maxkeepaliverequests">MaxKeepAliveRequests |
| directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> MaxKeepAliveRequests |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> |
| <code>MaxKeepAliveRequests 100</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Only available |
| in Apache 1.2 and later. |
| |
| <p>The MaxKeepAliveRequests directive limits the number of |
| requests allowed per connection when <a |
| href="#keepalive">KeepAlive</a> is on. If it is set to |
| "<code>0</code>", unlimited requests will be allowed. We |
| recommend that this setting be kept to a high value for maximum |
| server performance. In Apache 1.1, this is controlled through |
| an option to the KeepAlive directive.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example</p> |
| |
| <pre>MaxKeepAliveRequests 500</pre> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="maxrequestsperchild" |
| name="maxrequestsperchild">MaxRequestsPerChild |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> MaxRequestsPerChild |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> |
| <code>MaxRequestsPerChild 0</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The MaxRequestsPerChild directive sets the limit on the |
| number of requests that an individual child server process will |
| handle. After MaxRequestsPerChild requests, the child process |
| will die. If MaxRequestsPerChild is 0, then the process will |
| never expire.</p> |
| |
| <p>Setting MaxRequestsPerChild to a non-zero limit has two |
| beneficial effects:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>it limits the amount of memory that process can consume |
| by (accidental) memory leakage;</li> |
| |
| <li>by giving processes a finite lifetime, it helps reduce |
| the number of processes when the server load reduces.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>However, on Win32, It is recommended that this be set to 0. |
| If it is set to a non-zero value, when the request count is |
| reached, the child process exits, and is respawned, at which |
| time it re-reads the configuration files. This can lead to |
| unexpected behavior if you have modified a configuration file, |
| but are not expecting the changes to be applied yet. See also |
| <a href="#threadsperchild">ThreadsPerChild</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> For <em>KeepAlive</em> requests, only |
| the first request is counted towards this limit. In effect, it |
| changes the behavior to limit the number of |
| <em>connections</em> per child.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="maxspareservers" |
| name="maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> MaxSpareServers |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>MaxSpareServers |
| 10</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The MaxSpareServers directive sets the desired maximum |
| number of <em>idle</em> child server processes. An idle process |
| is one which is not handling a request. If there are more than |
| MaxSpareServers idle, then the parent process will kill off the |
| excess processes.</p> |
| |
| <p>Tuning of this parameter should only be necessary on very |
| busy sites. Setting this parameter to a large number is almost |
| always a bad idea.</p> |
| |
| <p>Note that this is the maximum number of <em>spare</em> servers, |
| not the maximum total number of client requests that can be handled |
| at one time. If you wish to limit that number, see the <a |
| href="#maxclients">MaxClients</a> directive.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive has no effect when used with the Apache Web |
| server on a Microsoft Windows platform.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a>, |
| <a href="#startservers">StartServers</a>, and <a |
| href="#maxclients">MaxClients</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="minspareservers" |
| name="minspareservers">MinSpareServers directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> MinSpareServers |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>MinSpareServers |
| 5</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The MinSpareServers directive sets the desired minimum |
| number of <em>idle</em> child server processes. An idle process |
| is one which is not handling a request. If there are fewer than |
| MinSpareServers idle, then the parent process creates new |
| children at a maximum rate of 1 per second.</p> |
| |
| <p>Tuning of this parameter should only be necessary on very |
| busy sites. Setting this parameter to a large number is almost |
| always a bad idea.</p> |
| |
| <p>Note that setting this directive to some value <i>m</i> ensures |
| that you will always have at least <i>n + m</i> <code>httpd</code> |
| processes running when you have <i>n</i> active client requests.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive has no effect on Microsoft Windows.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="#maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers</a>, |
| <a href="#startservers">StartServers</a>, and <a |
| href="#maxclients">MaxClients</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="namevirtualhost" |
| name="namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> NameVirtualHost |
| <em>addr</em>[:<em>port</em>]<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> NameVirtualHost |
| is only available in Apache 1.3 and later |
| |
| <p>The NameVirtualHost directive is a required directive if you |
| want to configure <a href="../vhosts/">name-based virtual |
| hosts</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>Although <em>addr</em> can be hostname it is recommended |
| that you always use an IP address or wildcard, |
| <em>e.g.</em></p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| With the NameVirtualHost directive you specify the IP address |
| on which the server will receive requests for the name-based |
| virtual hosts. This will usually be the address to which your |
| name-based virtual host names resolve. In cases where a |
| firewall or other proxy receives the requests and forwards them |
| on a different IP address to the server, you must specify the |
| IP address of the physical interface on the machine which will |
| be servicing the requests. If you have multiple name-based |
| hosts on multiple addresses, repeat the directive for each |
| address. |
| |
| <p>Note: the "main server" and any _default_ servers will |
| <strong>never</strong> be served for a request to a |
| NameVirtualHost IP Address (unless for some reason you specify |
| NameVirtualHost but then don't define any VirtualHosts for that |
| address).</p> |
| |
| <p>Optionally you can specify a port number on which the |
| name-based virtual hosts should be used, <em>e.g.</em></p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44:8080</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| In Apache 1.3.13 and greater you can specify a <code>*</code> |
| for the <em>addr</em>. This creates a wildcard NameVirtualHost |
| which will match connections to any address that isn't |
| configured with a more specific NameVirtualHost directive or <a |
| href="#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a> section. This is |
| useful if you want only name-based virtual hosts and you don't |
| want to hard-code the server's IP address into the |
| configuration file. |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="../vhosts/">Apache |
| Virtual Host documentation</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="options" name="options">Options directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Options |
| [+|-]<em>option</em> [[+|-]<em>option</em>] ...<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> Options<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The Options directive controls which server features are |
| available in a particular directory.</p> |
| |
| <p><em>option</em> can be set to <code>None</code>, in which |
| case none of the extra features are enabled, or one or more of |
| the following:</p> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt>All</dt> |
| |
| <dd>All options except for MultiViews. This is the default |
| setting.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>ExecCGI</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| Execution of CGI scripts is permitted.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>FollowSymLinks</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| |
| The server will follow symbolic links in this |
| directory.<br /> |
| <strong>Note</strong>: even though the server follows the |
| symlink it does <em>not</em> change the pathname used to |
| match against <code><Directory></code> sections.<br /> |
| <strong>Note</strong>: this option gets ignored if set |
| inside a <Location> section.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Includes</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| Server-side includes are permitted.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>IncludesNOEXEC</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| |
| Server-side includes are permitted, but the #exec command and |
| #exec CGI are disabled. It is still possible to #include |
| virtual CGI scripts from ScriptAliase'd directories.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Indexes</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| If a URL which maps to a directory is requested, and the |
| there is no DirectoryIndex (<em>e.g.</em>, index.html) in |
| that directory, then the server will return a formatted |
| listing of the directory.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>MultiViews</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| <a href="../content-negotiation.html">Content negotiated</a> |
| MultiViews are allowed.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>SymLinksIfOwnerMatch</dt> |
| |
| <dd> |
| |
| The server will only follow symbolic links for which the |
| target file or directory is owned by the same user id as the |
| link.<br /> |
| <strong>Note</strong>: this option gets ignored if set |
| inside a <Location> section.</dd> |
| </dl> |
| Normally, if multiple <code>Options</code> could apply to a |
| directory, then the most specific one is taken complete; the |
| options are not merged. However if <em>all</em> the options on |
| the <code>Options</code> directive are preceded by a + or - |
| symbol, the options are merged. Any options preceded by a + are |
| added to the options currently in force, and any options |
| preceded by a - are removed from the options currently in |
| force. |
| |
| <p>For example, without any + and - symbols:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code><Directory /web/docs><br /> |
| Options Indexes FollowSymLinks<br /> |
| </Directory><br /> |
| <Directory /web/docs/spec><br /> |
| Options Includes<br /> |
| </Directory></code> |
| </blockquote> |
| then only <code>Includes</code> will be set for the |
| /web/docs/spec directory. However if the second |
| <code>Options</code> directive uses the + and - symbols: |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code><Directory /web/docs><br /> |
| Options Indexes FollowSymLinks<br /> |
| </Directory><br /> |
| <Directory /web/docs/spec><br /> |
| Options +Includes -Indexes<br /> |
| </Directory></code> |
| </blockquote> |
| then the options <code>FollowSymLinks</code> and |
| <code>Includes</code> are set for the /web/docs/spec directory. |
| |
| |
| <p><strong>Note:</strong> Using <code>-IncludesNOEXEC</code> or |
| <code>-Includes</code> disables server-side includes completely |
| regardless of the previous setting.</p> |
| |
| <p>The default in the absence of any other settings is |
| <code>All</code>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="pidfile" name="pidfile">PidFile directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> PidFile |
| <em>file-path</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>PidFile |
| logs/httpd.pid</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The PidFile directive sets the file to which the server |
| records the process id of the daemon. If the filename does not |
| begin with a slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the |
| <a href="#serverroot">ServerRoot</a>. The PidFile is only used |
| in <a href="#servertype">standalone</a> mode.</p> |
| |
| <p>It is often useful to be able to send the server a signal, |
| so that it closes and then reopens its <a |
| href="#errorlog">ErrorLog</a> and TransferLog, and re-reads its |
| configuration files. This is done by sending a SIGHUP (kill -1) |
| signal to the process id listed in the PidFile.</p> |
| |
| <p>The PidFile is subject to the same warnings about log file |
| placement and <a |
| href="../misc/security_tips.html#serverroot">security</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="port" name="port">Port directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Port |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>Port |
| 80</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p><em>Number</em> is a number from 0 to 65535; some port |
| numbers (especially below 1024) are reserved for particular |
| protocols. See <code>/etc/services</code> for a list of some |
| defined ports; the standard port for the http protocol is |
| 80.</p> |
| |
| <p>The Port directive has two behaviors, the first of which is |
| necessary for NCSA backwards compatibility (and which is |
| confusing in the context of Apache).</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>In the absence of any <a href="#listen">Listen</a> or <a |
| href="#bindaddress">BindAddress</a> directives specifying a |
| port number, a Port directive given in the "main server" |
| (<em>i.e.</em>, outside any <a |
| href="#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a> section) sets the |
| network port on which the server listens. If there are any |
| Listen or BindAddress directives specifying |
| <code>:number</code> then Port has no effect on what address |
| the server listens at.</li> |
| |
| <li>The Port directive sets the <code>SERVER_PORT</code> |
| environment variable (for <a href="mod_cgi.html">CGI</a> and |
| <a href="mod_include.html">SSI</a>), and is used when the |
| server must generate a URL that refers to itself (for example |
| when creating an external redirect to itself). This behavior |
| is modified by <a |
| href="#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a>.</li> |
| </ul> |
| The primary behavior of Port should be considered to be |
| similar to that of the <a href="#servername">ServerName</a> |
| directive. The ServerName and Port together specify what you |
| consider to be the <em>canonical</em> address of the server. |
| (See also <a href="#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a>.) |
| |
| <p>Port 80 is one of Unix's special ports. All ports numbered |
| below 1024 are reserved for system use, <em>i.e.</em>, regular |
| (non-root) users cannot make use of them; instead they can only |
| use higher port numbers. To use port 80, you must start the |
| server from the root account. After binding to the port and |
| before accepting requests, Apache will change to a low |
| privileged user as set by the <a href="#user">User |
| directive</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>If you cannot use port 80, choose any other unused port. |
| Non-root users will have to choose a port number higher than |
| 1023, such as 8000.</p> |
| |
| <p>SECURITY: if you do start the server as root, be sure not to |
| set <a href="#user">User</a> to root. If you run the server as |
| root whilst handling connections, your site may be open to a |
| major security attack.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="protocolreqcheck" name="protocolreqcheck">ProtocolReqCheck |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ProtocolReqCheck |
| on|off<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ProtocolReqCheck |
| on</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config |
| <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> |
| ProtocolReqCheck is only available in Apache 1.3.27 and later. |
| |
| <p>This directive enables strict checking of the Protocol field |
| in the Request line. Versions of Apache prior to 1.3.26 would |
| silently accept bogus Protocols (such as <code>HTTP-1.1</code>) |
| and assume <code>HTTP/1.0</code>. Instead, now the Protocol field |
| must be valid. If the pre-1.3.26 behavior is desired or required, |
| it can be enabled via setting <code>ProtocolReqCheck off</code>. |
| </p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="require" name="require">Require directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Require |
| <em>entity-name</em> [<em>entity-name</em>] ...<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory, |
| .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> AuthConfig<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>This directive selects which authenticated users can access |
| a resource. The allowed syntaxes are:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| Require user <em>userid</em> [<em>userid</em>] ... |
| |
| <p>Only the named users can access the resource.</p> |
| </li> |
| |
| <li> |
| Require group <em>group-name</em> [<em>group-name</em>] ... |
| |
| |
| <p>Only users in the named groups can access the |
| resource.</p> |
| </li> |
| |
| <li> |
| Require valid-user |
| |
| <p>All valid users can access the resource.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li>file-owner |
| <p>Only the user, whose name matches the system's name for |
| the file owner, can access the resource.<br> |
| [Available after Apache 1.3.20]</p> |
| </li> |
| <li>file-group |
| <p>Only the members of the group, whose name matches the |
| system's name of the file owner group, can access the |
| resource.<br>[Available after Apache 1.3.20]</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>Require must be accompanied by <a |
| href="#authname">AuthName</a> and <a |
| href="#authtype">AuthType</a> directives, and directives such |
| as <a href="mod_auth.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a> and <a |
| href="mod_auth.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a> (to define |
| users and groups) in order to work correctly. Example:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>AuthType Basic<br /> |
| AuthName "Restricted Directory"<br /> |
| AuthUserFile /web/users<br /> |
| AuthGroupFile /web/groups<br /> |
| Require group admin<br /> |
| </code> |
| </blockquote> |
| Access controls which are applied in this way are effective for |
| <strong>all</strong> methods. <strong>This is what is normally |
| desired.</strong> If you wish to apply access controls only to |
| specific methods, while leaving other methods unprotected, then |
| place the <code>Require</code> statement into a <a |
| href="#limit"><Limit></a> section |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="#satisfy">Satisfy</a> and <a |
| href="mod_access.html">mod_access</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="resourceconfig" name="resourceconfig">ResourceConfig |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ResourceConfig |
| <em>file-path</em>|<em>directory-path</em>|<em>wildcard-path</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ResourceConfig |
| conf/srm.conf</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> The ability to |
| specify a directory, rather than a file name, is only available in |
| Apache 1.3.13 and later. |
| |
| <p>The server will read this file for more directives after |
| reading the httpd.conf file. <em>File-path</em> is relative to |
| the <a href="#serverroot">ServerRoot</a>. This feature can be |
| disabled using:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>ResourceConfig /dev/null</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| Or, on Win32 servers, |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>ResourceConfig nul</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| <p>Historically, this file contained most directives except for |
| server configuration directives and <a |
| href="#directory"><Directory></a> sections; in fact it |
| can now contain any server directive allowed in the <em>server |
| config</em> context. However, since Apache version 1.3.4, the |
| default <code>srm.conf</code> file which ships with Apache contains |
| only comments, and all directives are placed in the main server |
| configuration file, <code>httpd.conf</code>.</p> |
| |
| <p>If <code>ResourceConfig</code> points to a directory, rather than |
| a file, Apache will read all files in that directory, and any |
| subdirectory, and parse those as configuration files. |
| </p> |
| <p>Alternatively you can use a wildcard to limit the scope; i.e |
| to only *.conf files. |
| </p> |
| <p>Note that by default <em>any</em> file in the specified |
| directory will be loaded as a configuration file. |
| </p> |
| <p>So make sure that you don't have stray files in |
| this directory by mistake, such as temporary files created by your |
| editor, for example.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="#accessconfig">AccessConfig</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="rlimit" name="rlimit">RLimitCPU</a> <a |
| id="rlimitcpu" name="rlimitcpu">directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> RLimitCPU |
| <em>number</em>|max [<em>number</em>|max] <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <em>Unset; uses |
| operating system defaults</em> <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> RLimitCPU is |
| only available in Apache 1.2 and later |
| |
| <p>Takes 1 or 2 parameters. The first parameter sets the soft |
| resource limit for all processes and the second parameter sets |
| the maximum resource limit. Either parameter can be a number, |
| or <code>max</code> to indicate to the server that the limit |
| should be set to the maximum allowed by the operating system |
| configuration. Raising the maximum resource limit requires that |
| the server is running as root, or in the initial startup |
| phase.</p> |
| |
| <p>This applies to processes forked off from Apache children |
| servicing requests, not the Apache children themselves. This |
| includes CGI scripts and SSI exec commands, but not any |
| processes forked off from the Apache parent such as piped |
| logs.</p> |
| |
| <p>CPU resource limits are expressed in seconds per |
| process.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="#rlimitmem">RLimitMEM</a> or <a |
| href="#rlimitnproc">RLimitNPROC</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="rlimitmem" name="rlimitmem">RLimitMEM |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> RLimitMEM |
| <em>number</em>|max [<em>number</em>|max]<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <em>Unset; uses |
| operating system defaults</em> <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> RLimitMEM is |
| only available in Apache 1.2 and later |
| |
| <p>Takes 1 or 2 parameters. The first parameter sets the soft |
| resource limit for all processes and the second parameter sets |
| the maximum resource limit. Either parameter can be a number, |
| or <code>max</code> to indicate to the server that the limit |
| should be set to the maximum allowed by the operating system |
| configuration. Raising the maximum resource limit requires that |
| the server is running as root, or in the initial startup |
| phase.</p> |
| |
| <p>This applies to processes forked off from Apache children |
| servicing requests, not the Apache children themselves. This |
| includes CGI scripts and SSI exec commands, but not any |
| processes forked off from the Apache parent such as piped |
| logs.</p> |
| |
| <p>Memory resource limits are expressed in bytes per |
| process.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="#rlimitcpu">RLimitCPU</a> or <a |
| href="#rlimitnproc">RLimitNPROC</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="rlimitnproc" name="rlimitnproc">RLimitNPROC |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> RLimitNPROC |
| <em>number</em>|max [<em>number</em>|max]<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <em>Unset; uses |
| operating system defaults</em> <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> RLimitNPROC is |
| only available in Apache 1.2 and later |
| |
| <p>Takes 1 or 2 parameters. The first parameter sets the soft |
| resource limit for all processes and the second parameter sets |
| the maximum resource limit. Either parameter can be a number, |
| or <code>max</code> to indicate to the server that the limit |
| should be set to the maximum allowed by the operating system |
| configuration. Raising the maximum resource limit requires that |
| the server is running as root, or in the initial startup |
| phase.</p> |
| |
| <p>This applies to processes forked off from Apache children |
| servicing requests, not the Apache children themselves. This |
| includes CGI scripts and SSI exec commands, but not any |
| processes forked off from the Apache parent such as piped |
| logs.</p> |
| |
| <p>Process limits control the number of processes per user.</p> |
| |
| <p>Note: If CGI processes are <strong>not</strong> running |
| under userids other than the web server userid, this directive |
| will limit the number of processes that the server itself can |
| create. Evidence of this situation will be indicated by |
| <strong><em>cannot fork</em></strong> messages in the |
| error_log.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="#rlimitmem">RLimitMEM</a> or <a |
| href="#rlimitcpu">RLimitCPU</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="satisfy" name="satisfy">Satisfy directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> Satisfy any|all<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> Satisfy all<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory, |
| .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Satisfy is only |
| available in Apache 1.2 and later |
| |
| <p>Access policy if both <code>Allow</code> and |
| <code>Require</code> used. The parameter can be either |
| <em>'all'</em> or <em>'any'</em>. This directive is only useful |
| if access to a particular area is being restricted by both |
| username/password <em>and</em> client host address. In this |
| case the default behavior ("all") is to require that the client |
| passes the address access restriction <em>and</em> enters a |
| valid username and password. With the "any" option the client |
| will be granted access if they either pass the host restriction |
| or enter a valid username and password. This can be used to |
| password restrict an area, but to let clients from particular |
| addresses in without prompting for a password.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="#require">Require</a> and <a |
| href="mod_access.html#allow">Allow</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="scoreboardfile" name="scoreboardfile">ScoreBoardFile |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ScoreBoardFile |
| <em>file-path</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ScoreBoardFile |
| logs/apache_status</code> <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The ScoreBoardFile directive is required on some |
| architectures to place a file that the server will use to |
| communicate between its children and the parent. The easiest |
| way to find out if your architecture requires a scoreboard file |
| is to run Apache and see if it creates the file named by the |
| directive. If your architecture requires it then you must |
| ensure that this file is not used at the same time by more than |
| one invocation of Apache.</p> |
| |
| <p>If you have to use a ScoreBoardFile then you may see |
| improved speed by placing it on a RAM disk. But be careful that |
| you heed the same warnings about log file placement and <a |
| href="../misc/security_tips.html">security</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>Apache 1.2 and above:</p> |
| |
| <p>Linux 1.x users might be able to add <code>-DHAVE_SHMGET |
| -DUSE_SHMGET_SCOREBOARD</code> to the <code>EXTRA_CFLAGS</code> |
| in your <code>Configuration</code>. This might work with some |
| 1.x installations, but won't work with all of them. (Prior to |
| 1.3b4, <code>HAVE_SHMGET</code> would have sufficed.)</p> |
| |
| <p>SVR4 users should consider adding <code>-DHAVE_SHMGET |
| -DUSE_SHMGET_SCOREBOARD</code> to the <code>EXTRA_CFLAGS</code> |
| in your <code>Configuration</code>. This is believed to work, |
| but we were unable to test it in time for 1.2 release. (Prior |
| to 1.3b4, <code>HAVE_SHMGET</code> would have sufficed.)</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See Also</strong>: <a |
| href="../stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting Apache</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="scriptinterpretersource" |
| name="scriptinterpretersource">ScriptInterpreterSource |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ScriptInterpreterSource |
| registry|script<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> |
| <code>ScriptInterpreterSource script</code> <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> directory, |
| .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core (Windows only) |
| |
| <p>This directive is used to control how Apache 1.3.5 and later |
| finds the interpreter used to run CGI scripts. The default |
| technique is to use the interpreter pointed to by the #! line |
| in the script. Setting ScriptInterpreterSource registry will |
| cause the Windows Registry to be searched using the script file |
| extension (e.g., .pl) as a search key.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="sendbuffersize" name="sendbuffersize">SendBufferSize |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> SendBufferSize |
| <em>bytes</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The server will set the TCP buffer size to the number of |
| bytes specified. Very useful to increase past standard OS |
| defaults on high speed high latency (<em>i.e.</em>, 100ms or |
| so, such as transcontinental fast pipes)</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="serveradmin" name="serveradmin">ServerAdmin |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerAdmin |
| <em>email-address</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The ServerAdmin sets the e-mail address that the server |
| includes in any error messages it returns to the client.</p> |
| |
| <p>It may be worth setting up a dedicated address for this, |
| <em>e.g.</em></p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>ServerAdmin www-admin@foo.bar.com</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| as users do not always mention that they are talking about the |
| server! |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="serveralias" name="serveralias">ServerAlias |
| directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerAlias |
| <em>hostname</em> [<em>hostname</em>] ...<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> virtual host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ServerAlias is |
| only available in Apache 1.1 and later. |
| |
| <p>The ServerAlias directive sets the alternate names for a |
| host, for use with <a |
| href="../vhosts/name-based.html">name-based virtual |
| hosts</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>Example:</p> |
| |
| <pre> |
| <VirtualHost *> |
| ServerName server.domain.com |
| ServerAlias server server2.domain.com server2 |
| ... |
| </VirtualHost> |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="../vhosts/">Apache |
| Virtual Host documentation</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="servername" name="servername">ServerName |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerName |
| <em>fully-qualified-domain-name</em> <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The ServerName directive sets the hostname of the server; |
| this is used when creating redirection URLs. If it is not |
| specified, then the server attempts to deduce it from its own |
| IP address; however this may not work reliably, or may not |
| return the preferred hostname. For example:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code>ServerName www.example.com</code> |
| </blockquote> |
| would be used if the canonical (main) name of the actual |
| machine were <code>simple.example.com</code>. |
| |
| <p>If you are using <a |
| href="../vhosts/name-based.html">name-based virtual hosts</a>, |
| the <code>ServerName</code> inside a <a |
| href="#virtualhost"><code><VirtualHost></code></a> |
| section specifies what hostname must appear in the request's |
| <code>Host:</code> header to match this virtual host.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See Also</strong>:<br /> |
| <a href="../dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a><br /> |
| <a href="../vhosts/">Apache virtual host |
| documentation</a><br /> |
| <a href="#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a><br /> |
| <a href="#namevirtualhost">NameVirtualHost</a><br /> |
| <a href="#serveralias">ServerAlias</a><br /> |
| </p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="serverpath" name="serverpath">ServerPath |
| directive</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerPath |
| <em>directory-path</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> virtual host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ServerPath is |
| only available in Apache 1.1 and later. |
| |
| <p>The ServerPath directive sets the legacy URL pathname for a |
| host, for use with <a href="../vhosts/">name-based virtual |
| hosts</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="../vhosts/">Apache |
| Virtual Host documentation</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="serverroot" name="serverroot">ServerRoot |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerRoot |
| <em>directory-path</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ServerRoot |
| /usr/local/apache</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The ServerRoot directive sets the directory in which the |
| server lives. Typically it will contain the subdirectories |
| <code>conf/</code> and <code>logs/</code>. Relative paths for |
| other configuration files are taken as relative to this |
| directory.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="../invoking.html">the <code>-d</code> |
| option to httpd</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="../misc/security_tips.html#serverroot">the |
| security tips</a> for information on how to properly set |
| permissions on the ServerRoot.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="serversignature" |
| name="serversignature">ServerSignature directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerSignature |
| On|Off|EMail<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ServerSignature |
| Off</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory, .htaccess<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ServerSignature |
| is only available in Apache 1.3 and later. |
| |
| <p>The ServerSignature directive allows the configuration of a |
| trailing footer line under server-generated documents (error |
| messages, mod_proxy ftp directory listings, mod_info output, |
| ...). The reason why you would want to enable such a footer |
| line is that in a chain of proxies, the user often has no |
| possibility to tell which of the chained servers actually |
| produced a returned error message.<br /> |
| The <samp>Off</samp> setting, which is the default, suppresses |
| the error line (and is therefore compatible with the behavior |
| of Apache-1.2 and below). The <samp>On</samp> setting simply |
| adds a line with the server version number and <a |
| href="#servername">ServerName</a> of the serving virtual host, |
| and the <samp>EMail</samp> setting additionally creates a |
| "mailto:" reference to the <a |
| href="#serveradmin">ServerAdmin</a> of the referenced |
| document.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="servertokens" name="servertokens">ServerTokens |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerTokens |
| Minimal|ProductOnly|OS|Full<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ServerTokens |
| Full</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> ServerTokens is |
| only available in Apache 1.3 and later; the |
| <code>ProductOnly</code> keyword is only available in versions |
| later than 1.3.12 |
| |
| <p>This directive controls whether <samp>Server</samp> response |
| header field which is sent back to clients includes a |
| description of the generic OS-type of the server as well as |
| information about compiled-in modules.</p> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>ServerTokens Prod[uctOnly]</code></dt> |
| |
| <dd>Server sends (<em>e.g.</em>): <samp>Server: |
| Apache</samp></dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>ServerTokens Min[imal]</code></dt> |
| |
| <dd>Server sends (<em>e.g.</em>): <samp>Server: |
| Apache/1.3.0</samp></dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>ServerTokens OS</code></dt> |
| |
| <dd>Server sends (<em>e.g.</em>): <samp>Server: Apache/1.3.0 |
| (Unix)</samp></dd> |
| |
| <dt><code>ServerTokens Full</code> (or not specified)</dt> |
| |
| <dd>Server sends (<em>e.g.</em>): <samp>Server: Apache/1.3.0 |
| (Unix) PHP/3.0 MyMod/1.2</samp></dd> |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>This setting applies to the entire server, and cannot be |
| enabled or disabled on a virtualhost-by-virtualhost basis.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="servertype" name="servertype">ServerType |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ServerType |
| <em>type</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ServerType |
| standalone</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The ServerType directive sets how the server is executed by |
| the system. <em>Type</em> is one of</p> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt>inetd</dt> |
| |
| <dd>The server will be run from the system process inetd; the |
| command to start the server is added to |
| <code>/etc/inetd.conf</code></dd> |
| |
| <dt>standalone</dt> |
| |
| <dd>The server will run as a daemon process; the command to |
| start the server is added to the system startup scripts. |
| (<code>/etc/rc.local</code> or |
| <code>/etc/rc3.d/...</code>.)</dd> |
| </dl> |
| Inetd is the lesser used of the two options. For each http |
| connection received, a new copy of the server is started from |
| scratch; after the connection is complete, this program exits. |
| There is a high price to pay per connection, but for security |
| reasons, some admins prefer this option. <font |
| color="red">Inetd mode is no longer recommended and does not |
| always work properly. Avoid it if at all possible.</font> |
| |
| <p>Standalone is the most common setting for ServerType since |
| it is far more efficient. The server is started once, and |
| services all subsequent connections. If you intend running |
| Apache to serve a busy site, standalone will probably be your |
| only option.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="shmemuidisuser" name="shmemuidisuser">ShmemUIDisUser |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ShmemUIDisUser |
| <em>on|off</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ShmemUIDisUser |
| off</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> |
| ShmemUIDisUser directive is only available in Apache 1.3.27 and later. |
| |
| <p>The ShmemUIDisUser directive controls whether Apache will change |
| the <code>uid</code> and <code>gid</code> ownership of System V shared memory |
| based scoreboards to the server settings of <a href="#user">User</a> and |
| <a href="#group">Group</a>. Releases of Apache up to 1.3.26 would do |
| this by default. Since the child processes are already attached to the |
| shared memory segment, this is not required for normal usage of Apache and |
| so to prevent possible abuse, Apache will no longer do that. The old |
| behavior may be required for special cases, however, which can be implemented |
| by setting this directive to <code>on</code>.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive has no effect on non-System V based scoreboards, such as |
| <code>mmap</code>. |
| </p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="startservers" name="startservers">StartServers |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> StartServers |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>StartServers |
| 5</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The StartServers directive sets the number of child server |
| processes created on startup. As the number of processes is |
| dynamically controlled depending on the load, there is usually |
| little reason to adjust this parameter.</p> |
| |
| <p>When running under Microsoft Windows, this directive has no |
| effect. There is always one child which handles all requests. |
| Within the child requests are handled by separate threads. The |
| <a href="#threadsperchild">ThreadsPerChild</a> directive |
| controls the maximum number of child threads handling requests, |
| which will have a similar effect to the setting of |
| <samp>StartServers</samp> on Unix.</p> |
| |
| <p>See also <a href="#minspareservers">MinSpareServers</a> and |
| <a href="#maxspareservers">MaxSpareServers</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="threadsperchild" |
| name="threadsperchild">ThreadsPerChild</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ThreadsPerChild |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ThreadsPerChild |
| 50</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core (Windows, |
| NetWare)<br /> |
| <strong>Compatibility:</strong> Available only with Apache 1.3 |
| and later with Windows |
| |
| <p>This directive tells the server how many threads it should |
| use. This is the maximum number of connections the server can |
| handle at once; be sure and set this number high enough for |
| your site if you get a lot of hits.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive has no effect on Unix systems. Unix users |
| should look at <a href="#startservers">StartServers</a> and <a |
| href="#maxrequestsperchild">MaxRequestsPerChild</a>.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="threadstacksize" |
| name="threadstacksize">ThreadStackSize</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> ThreadStackSize |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>ThreadStackSize |
| 65536</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core (NetWare)<br /> |
| <strong>Compatibility:</strong> Available only with Apache 1.3 |
| and later with NetWare |
| |
| <p>This directive tells the server what stack size to use for |
| each of the running threads. If you ever get a stack overflow |
| you will need to bump this number to a higher setting.</p> |
| |
| <p>This directive has no effect on other systems.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="timeout" name="timeout">TimeOut directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> TimeOut |
| <em>number</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>TimeOut |
| 300</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The TimeOut directive currently defines the amount of time |
| Apache will wait for three things:</p> |
| |
| <ol> |
| <li>The total amount of time it takes to receive a GET |
| request.</li> |
| |
| <li>The amount of time between receipt of TCP packets on a |
| POST or PUT request.</li> |
| |
| <li>The amount of time between ACKs on transmissions of TCP |
| packets in responses.</li> |
| </ol> |
| We plan on making these separately configurable at some point |
| down the road. The timer used to default to 1200 before 1.2, |
| but has been lowered to 300 which is still far more than |
| necessary in most situations. It is not set any lower by |
| default because there may still be odd places in the code where |
| the timer is not reset when a packet is sent. |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="traceenable" |
| name="traceenable">TraceEnable</a></h2> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> TraceEnable |
| <em>[on|off|extended]</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>TraceEnable |
| on</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core (Windows, |
| NetWare)<br /> |
| <strong>Compatibility:</strong> Available only in Apache 1.3.34, |
| 2.0.55 and later |
| |
| <p>This directive overrides the behavior of TRACE for both |
| the core server and mod_proxy. The default <code>TraceEnable |
| on</code> permits TRACE requests per RFC 2616, which disallows |
| any request body to accompany the request. <code>TraceEnable |
| off</code> causes the core server and mod_proxy to return |
| a 405 FORBIDDEN error to the client.</p> |
| |
| <p>Finally, for testing and diagnostic purposes only, request |
| bodies may be allowed using the non-compliant <code>TraceEnable |
| extended</code> directive. The core (as an origin server) will |
| restrict the request body to 64k (plus 8k for chunk headers if |
| Transfer-Encoding: chunked is used). The core will reflect the |
| full headers and all chunk headers with the request body. As a |
| proxy server, the request body is not restricted to 64k. At this |
| time the Apache 1.3 mod_proxy does not permit chunked request |
| bodies for any request, including the extended TRACE request.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="usecanonicalname" |
| name="usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> UseCanonicalName |
| on|off|dns<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>UseCanonicalName |
| on</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host, directory<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Override" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Override:</strong></a> Options<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> UseCanonicalName |
| is only available in Apache 1.3 and later |
| |
| <p>In many situations Apache has to construct a |
| <em>self-referential</em> URL. That is, a URL which refers back |
| to the same server. With <code>UseCanonicalName on</code> (and |
| in all versions prior to 1.3) Apache will use the <a |
| href="#servername">ServerName</a> and <a href="#port">Port</a> |
| directives to construct the canonical name for the server. This |
| name is used in all self-referential URLs, and for the values |
| of <code>SERVER_NAME</code> and <code>SERVER_PORT</code> in |
| CGIs.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example, if <a href="#servername">ServerName</a> is set to |
| <code>www.example.com</code> and <a href="#port">Port</a> is set to |
| <code>9090</code>, then the <em>canonical name</em> of the server is |
| <code>www.example.com:9090</code>. In the event that |
| <code>Port</code> has its default value of <code>80</code>, the |
| <code>:80</code> is omitted from the <em>canonical name</em>.</p> |
| |
| <p>With <code>UseCanonicalName off</code> Apache will form |
| self-referential URLs using the hostname and port supplied by |
| the client if any are supplied (otherwise it will use the |
| canonical name, as defined above). These values are the same |
| that are used to implement <a |
| href="../vhosts/name-based.html">name based virtual hosts</a>, |
| and are available with the same clients. The CGI variables |
| <code>SERVER_NAME</code> and <code>SERVER_PORT</code> will be |
| constructed from the client supplied values as well.</p> |
| |
| <p>An example where this may be useful is on an intranet server |
| where you have users connecting to the machine using short |
| names such as <code>www</code>. You'll notice that if the users |
| type a shortname, and a URL which is a directory, such as |
| <code>http://www/splat</code>, <em>without the trailing |
| slash</em> then Apache will redirect them to |
| <code>http://www.domain.com/splat/</code>. If you have |
| authentication enabled, this will cause the user to have to |
| authenticate twice (once for <code>www</code> and once again |
| for <code>www.domain.com</code> -- see <a |
| href="../misc/FAQ.html#prompted-twice">the FAQ on this subject for |
| more information</a>). But if <code>UseCanonicalName</code> |
| is set off, then Apache will redirect to |
| <code>http://www/splat/</code>.</p> |
| |
| <p>There is a third option, <code>UseCanonicalName DNS</code>, |
| which is intended for use with mass IP-based virtual hosting to |
| support ancient clients that do not provide a |
| <code>Host:</code> header. With this option Apache does a |
| reverse DNS lookup on the server IP address that the client |
| connected to in order to work out self-referential URLs.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Warning:</strong> if CGIs make assumptions about the |
| values of <code>SERVER_NAME</code> they may be broken by this |
| option. The client is essentially free to give whatever value |
| they want as a hostname. But if the CGI is only using |
| <code>SERVER_NAME</code> to construct self-referential URLs |
| then it should be just fine.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a |
| href="#servername">ServerName</a>, <a href="#port">Port</a></p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="user" name="user">User directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> User |
| <em>unix-userid</em><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Default" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Default:</strong></a> <code>User |
| #-1</code><br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config, virtual |
| host<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> core |
| |
| <p>The User directive sets the userid as which the server will |
| answer requests. In order to use this directive, the standalone |
| server must be run initially as root. <em>Unix-userid</em> is |
| one of:</p> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt>A username</dt> |
| |
| <dd>Refers to the given user by name.</dd> |
| |
| <dt># followed by a user number.</dt> |
| |
| <dd>Refers to a user by their number.</dd> |
| </dl> |
| The user should have no privileges which result in it being |
| able to access files which are not intended to be visible to |
| the outside world, and similarly, the user should not be able |
| to execute code which is not meant for httpd requests. It is |
| recommended that you set up a new user and group specifically |
| for running the server. Some admins use user |
| <code>nobody</code>, but this is not always possible or |
| desirable. For example mod_proxy's cache, when enabled, must be |
| accessible to this user (see the <a |
| href="mod_proxy.html#cacheroot"><code>CacheRoot</code> |
| directive</a>). |
| |
| <p>Notes: If you start the server as a non-root user, it will |
| fail to change to the lesser privileged user, and will instead |
| continue to run as that original user. If you do start the |
| server as root, then it is normal for the parent process to |
| remain running as root.</p> |
| |
| <p>Special note: Use of this directive in <VirtualHost> |
| requires a properly configured <a href="../suexec.html">suEXEC |
| wrapper</a>. When used inside a <VirtualHost> in this |
| manner, only the user that CGIs are run as is affected. Non-CGI |
| requests are still processed with the user specified in the |
| main User directive.</p> |
| |
| <p>SECURITY: Don't set User (or <a href="#group">Group</a>) to |
| <code>root</code> unless you know exactly what you are doing, |
| and what the dangers are.</p> |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <h2><a id="virtualhost" name="virtualhost"><VirtualHost> |
| directive</a></h2> |
| |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Syntax:</strong></a> <VirtualHost |
| <em>addr</em>[:<em>port</em>] [<em>addr</em>[:<em>port</em>]] |
| ...> ... </VirtualHost> <br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Context" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Context:</strong></a> server config<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Status" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Status:</strong></a> Core.<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Non-IP |
| address-based Virtual Hosting only available in Apache 1.1 and |
| later.<br /> |
| <a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility" |
| rel="Help"><strong>Compatibility:</strong></a> Multiple address |
| support only available in Apache 1.2 and later. |
| |
| <p><VirtualHost> and </VirtualHost> are used to |
| enclose a group of directives which will apply only to a |
| particular virtual host. Any directive which is allowed in a |
| virtual host context may be used. When the server receives a |
| request for a document on a particular virtual host, it uses |
| the configuration directives enclosed in the |
| <VirtualHost> section. <em>Addr</em> can be</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>The IP address of the virtual host</li> |
| |
| <li>A fully qualified domain name for the IP address of the |
| virtual host.</li> |
| </ul> |
| Example: |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code><VirtualHost 10.1.2.3><br /> |
| ServerAdmin webmaster@host.foo.com<br /> |
| DocumentRoot /www/docs/host.foo.com<br /> |
| ServerName host.foo.com<br /> |
| ErrorLog logs/host.foo.com-error_log<br /> |
| TransferLog logs/host.foo.com-access_log<br /> |
| </VirtualHost></code> |
| </blockquote> |
| Each VirtualHost must correspond to a different IP address, |
| different port number or a different host name for the server, |
| in the former case the server machine must be configured to |
| accept IP packets for multiple addresses. (If the machine does |
| not have multiple network interfaces, then this can be |
| accomplished with the <code>ifconfig alias</code> command (if |
| your OS supports it), or with kernel patches like <a |
| href="../misc/vif-info.html">VIF</a> (for SunOS(TM) 4.1.x)). |
| |
| <p>You can specify more than one IP address. This is useful if |
| a machine responds to the same name on two different |
| interfaces. For example, if you have a VirtualHost that is |
| available to hosts on an internal (intranet) as well as |
| external (internet) network. Example:</p> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <code><VirtualHost 192.168.1.2 204.255.176.199><br /> |
| DocumentRoot /www/docs/host.foo.com<br /> |
| ServerName host.foo.com<br /> |
| ServerAlias host<br /> |
| </VirtualHost></code> |
| </blockquote> |
| The special name <code>_default_</code> can be specified in |
| which case this virtual host will match any IP address that is |
| not explicitly listed in another virtual host. In the absence |
| of any _default_ virtual host the "main" server config, |
| consisting of all those definitions outside any VirtualHost |
| section, is used when no match occurs. |
| |
| <p>You can specify a <code>:port</code> to change the port that |
| is matched. If unspecified then it defaults to the same port as |
| the most recent <code><a href="#port">Port</a></code> statement |
| of the main server. You may also specify <code>:*</code> to |
| match all ports on that address. (This is recommended when used |
| with <code>_default_</code>.)</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>SECURITY</strong>: See the <a |
| href="../misc/security_tips.html">security tips</a> document |
| for details on why your security could be compromised if the |
| directory where logfiles are stored is writable by anyone other |
| than the user that starts the server.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>NOTE</strong>: The use of <VirtualHost> does |
| <strong>not</strong> affect what addresses Apache listens on. |
| You may need to ensure that Apache is listening on the correct |
| addresses using either <a href="#bindaddress">BindAddress</a> |
| or <a href="#listen">Listen</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>See also:</strong> <a href="../vhosts/">Apache |
| Virtual Host documentation</a><br /> |
| <strong>See also:</strong> <a |
| href="../dns-caveats.html">Warnings about DNS and |
| Apache</a><br /> |
| <strong>See also:</strong> <a href="../bind.html">Setting |
| which addresses and ports Apache uses</a><br /> |
| <strong>See also</strong>: <a href="../sections.html">How |
| Directory, Location and Files sections work</a> for an |
| explanation of how these different sections are combined when a |
| request is received</p> |
| <!--#include virtual="footer.html" --> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
| |