| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
| <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> |
| <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> |
| <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> |
| <!-- |
| XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX |
| This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT |
| XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX |
| --> |
| <title>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.2 - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> |
| <link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> |
| <link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> |
| <link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> |
| <script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> |
| </script> |
| |
| <link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> |
| <body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> |
| <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> |
| <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> |
| <img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div> |
| <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div id="path"> |
| <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Overview of new features in Apache HTTP Server 2.2</h1> |
| <div class="toplang"> |
| <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/new_features_2_2.html" title="English"> en </a> | |
| <a href="./fr/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | |
| <a href="./ko/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | |
| <a href="./pt-br/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="pt-br" rel="alternate" title="Português (Brasil)"> pt-br </a> | |
| <a href="./tr/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>This document describes some of the major changes between the |
| 2.0 and 2.2 versions of the Apache HTTP Server. For new features since |
| version 1.3, see the <a href="new_features_2_0.html">2.0 new features</a> |
| document.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#core">Core Enhancements</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#module">Module Enhancements</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#programs">Program Enhancements</a></li> |
| <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#developer">Module Developer Changes</a></li> |
| </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> |
| <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="core" id="core">Core Enhancements</a></h2> |
| |
| <dl> |
| |
| <dt>Authn/Authz</dt> |
| <dd>The bundled authentication and authorization modules have |
| been refactored. The new mod_authn_alias(already removed from 2.3/2.4) |
| module can greatly simplify certain authentication configurations. |
| See <a href="#module">module name changes</a>, and |
| <a href="#developer">the developer changes</a> for more |
| information about how these changes affects users and module |
| writers.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Caching</dt> |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache_disk.html">mod_cache_disk</a></code>, and |
| mod_mem_cache(already removed from 2.3/2.4) have undergone a lot of changes, and |
| are now considered production-quality. <code class="program"><a href="./programs/htcacheclean.html">htcacheclean</a></code> |
| has been introduced to clean up <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache_disk.html">mod_cache_disk</a></code> |
| setups.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Configuration</dt> |
| <dd>The default configuration layout has been simplified and |
| modularised. Configuration snippets which can be used to |
| enable commonly-used features are now bundled with Apache, and |
| can be easily added to the main server config.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Graceful stop</dt> |
| <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code> and |
| <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code> MPMs now allow <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> |
| to be shutdown gracefully via the |
| <a href="stopping.html#gracefulstop"><code>graceful-stop</code></a> |
| signal. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#gracefulshutdowntimeout">GracefulShutdownTimeout</a></code> directive |
| has been added to specify an optional timeout, after which |
| <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> will terminate regardless of the status |
| of any requests being served.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Proxying</dt> |
| <dd>The new <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code> module provides |
| load balancing services for <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>. |
| The new <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_ajp.html">mod_proxy_ajp</a></code> module adds support for the |
| <code>Apache JServ Protocol version 1.3</code> used by |
| <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/">Apache Tomcat</a>.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Regular Expression Library Updated</dt> |
| <dd>Version 5.0 of the |
| <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">Perl Compatible Regular Expression |
| Library</a> (PCRE) is now included. <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> can be |
| configured to use a system installation of PCRE by passing the |
| <code>--with-pcre</code> flag to configure.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Smart Filtering</dt> |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_filter.html">mod_filter</a></code> introduces dynamic configuration |
| to the output filter chain. It enables filters to be conditionally |
| inserted, based on any Request or Response header or environment |
| variable, and dispenses with the more problematic dependencies and |
| ordering problems in the 2.0 architecture.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Large File Support</dt> |
| <dd><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> is now built with support for files larger |
| than 2GB on modern 32-bit Unix systems. Support for handling |
| >2GB request bodies has also been added.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Event MPM</dt> |
| <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code> MPM uses a separate thread to handle |
| Keep Alive requests and accepting connections. Keep Alive requests |
| have traditionally required httpd to dedicate a worker to handle it. |
| This dedicated worker could not be used again until the Keep Alive |
| timeout was reached.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>SQL Database Support</dt> |
| <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code>, together with the <code>apr_dbd</code> |
| framework, brings direct SQL support to modules that need it. |
| Supports connection pooling in threaded MPMs.</dd> |
| |
| </dl> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="module" id="module">Module Enhancements</a></h2> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt>Authn/Authz</dt> |
| <dd>Modules in the aaa directory have been renamed and offer |
| better support for digest authentication. For example, |
| <code>mod_auth</code> is now split into |
| <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_auth_basic.html">mod_auth_basic</a></code> and |
| <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_file.html">mod_authn_file</a></code>; <code>mod_auth_dbm</code> is now |
| called <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_dbm.html">mod_authn_dbm</a></code>; <code>mod_access</code> has |
| been renamed <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. There is also a new |
| mod_authn_alias(already removed from 2.3/2.4) module for simplifying |
| certain authentication configurations. |
| </dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>This module is a port of the 2.0 |
| <code>mod_auth_ldap</code> module to the 2.2 <code>Authn/Authz</code> |
| framework. New features include using LDAP attribute values and |
| complicated search filters in the |
| <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_owner.html">mod_authz_owner</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>A new module that authorizes access to files based |
| on the owner of the file on the file system</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html">mod_version</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>A new module that allows configuration blocks to be enabled based on the |
| version number of the running server.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>Added a new <code>?config</code> argument which will show |
| the configuration directives as parsed by Apache, including |
| their file name and line number. The module also |
| shows the order of all request hooks and additional |
| build information, similar to <code>httpd -V</code>.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code></dt> |
| |
| <dd>Added a support for |
| <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2817.txt">RFC 2817</a>, which |
| allows connections to upgrade from clear text to TLS encryption.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></dt> |
| <dd><code>mod_imap</code> has been renamed to |
| <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code> to avoid user confusion.</dd> |
| </dl> |
| |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="programs" id="programs">Program Enhancements</a></h2> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>A new command line option <code>-M</code> has been added that |
| lists all modules that are loaded based on the current |
| configuration. Unlike the <code>-l</code> option, this list |
| includes DSOs loaded via <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a></code>.</dd> |
| |
| <dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httxt2dbm.html">httxt2dbm</a></code></dt> |
| <dd>A new program used to generate dbm files from text input, |
| for use in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code> |
| with the <code>dbm</code> map type.</dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> |
| <div class="section"> |
| <h2><a name="developer" id="developer">Module Developer Changes</a></h2> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> 1.0 API</dt> |
| |
| <dd>Apache 2.2 uses the APR 1.0 API. All deprecated functions and |
| symbols have been removed from <code>APR</code> and |
| <code>APR-Util</code>. For details, see the |
| <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">APR Website</a>.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Authn/Authz</dt> |
| <dd>The bundled authentication and authorization modules have |
| been renamed along the following lines: |
| <ul> |
| <li><code>mod_auth_*</code> -> Modules that implement an HTTP |
| authentication mechanism</li> |
| <li><code>mod_authn_*</code> -> Modules that provide a backend |
| authentication provider</li> |
| <li><code>mod_authz_*</code> -> Modules that implement |
| authorization (or access)</li> |
| <li><code>mod_authnz_*</code> -> Module that implements both |
| authentication & authorization</li> |
| </ul> |
| There is a new authentication backend provider |
| scheme which greatly eases the construction of new authentication |
| backends.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Connection Error Logging</dt> |
| |
| <dd>A new function, <code>ap_log_cerror</code> has been added to log |
| errors that occur with the client's connection. When logged, |
| the message includes the client IP address.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Test Configuration Hook Added</dt> |
| |
| <dd>A new hook, <code>test_config</code> has been added to aid |
| modules that want to execute special code only when the user passes |
| <code>-t</code> to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Set Threaded MPM's Stacksize</dt> |
| |
| <dd>A new directive, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#threadstacksize">ThreadStackSize</a></code> has been added to |
| set the stack size on all threaded MPMs. This is required |
| for some third-party modules on platforms with small default |
| thread stack size.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Protocol handling for output filters</dt> |
| |
| <dd>In the past, every filter has been responsible for ensuring |
| that it generates the correct response headers where it affects |
| them. Filters can now delegate common protocol management to |
| <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_filter.html">mod_filter</a></code>, using the |
| <code>ap_register_output_filter_protocol</code> or |
| <code>ap_filter_protocol</code> calls.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Monitor hook added</dt> |
| <dd>Monitor hook enables modules to run regular/scheduled jobs |
| in the parent (root) process.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>Regular expression API changes</dt> |
| |
| <dd>The <code>pcreposix.h</code> header is no longer available; |
| it is replaced by the new <code>ap_regex.h</code> header. The |
| POSIX.2 <code>regex.h</code> implementation exposed by the old |
| header is now available under the <code>ap_</code> namespace |
| from <code>ap_regex.h</code>. Calls to <code>regcomp</code>, |
| <code>regexec</code> and so on can be replaced by calls to |
| <code>ap_regcomp</code>, <code>ap_regexec</code>.</dd> |
| |
| <dt>DBD Framework (SQL Database API)</dt> |
| |
| <dd><p>With Apache 1.x and 2.0, modules requiring an SQL backend |
| had to take responsibility for managing it themselves. Apart |
| from reinventing the wheel, this can be very inefficient, for |
| example when several modules each maintain their own connections.</p> |
| |
| <p>Apache 2.1 and later provides the <code>ap_dbd</code> API for |
| managing database connections (including optimised strategies |
| for threaded and unthreaded MPMs), while APR 1.2 and later provides |
| the <code>apr_dbd</code> API for interacting with the database.</p> |
| |
| <p>New modules SHOULD now use these APIs for all SQL database |
| operations. Existing applications SHOULD be upgraded to use it |
| where feasible, either transparently or as a recommended option |
| to their users.</p></dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div></div> |
| <div class="bottomlang"> |
| <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/new_features_2_2.html" title="English"> en </a> | |
| <a href="./fr/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | |
| <a href="./ko/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | |
| <a href="./pt-br/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="pt-br" rel="alternate" title="Português (Brasil)"> pt-br </a> | |
| <a href="./tr/new_features_2_2.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> |
| </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div> |
| <script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- |
| var comments_shortname = 'httpd'; |
| var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/new_features_2_2.html'; |
| (function(w, d) { |
| if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") { |
| d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>'); |
| var s = d.createElement('script'); |
| s.type = 'text/javascript'; |
| s.async = true; |
| s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier; |
| (d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s); |
| } |
| else { |
| d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>'); |
| } |
| })(window, document); |
| //--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer"> |
| <p class="apache">Copyright 2021 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> |
| <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- |
| if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') { |
| prettyPrint(); |
| } |
| //--><!]]></script> |
| </body></html> |