docs/manual/invoking.html.en - httpd - Git at Google

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 <body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div>
 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
 <div id="path">
 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Starting Apache</h1>
 <div class="toplang">
 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español">&nbsp;es&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./fr/invoking.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./tr/invoking.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
 </div>

     <p>On Windows, Apache is normally run as a service.
     For details, see <a href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">Running Apache as a Service</a>.
     </p>

     <p>On Unix, the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> program
     is run as a daemon that executes continuously in the
     background to handle requests.  This document describes how
     to invoke <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</p>
 </div>
 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#startup">How Apache Starts</a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#errors">Errors During Start-up</a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#info">Additional Information</a></li>
 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</a></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="startup" id="startup">How Apache Starts</a></h2>

     <p>If the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
     specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other
     port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in
     order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged
     port. Once the server has started and performed a few preliminary
     activities such as opening its log files, it will launch several
     <em>child</em> processes which do the work of listening for and
     answering requests from clients. The main <code>httpd</code>
     process continues to run as the root user, but the child processes
     run as a less privileged user. This is controlled by the selected
     <a href="mpm.html">Multi-Processing Module</a>.</p>

     <p>The recommended method of invoking the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
     executable is to use the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> control script. This
     script sets certain environment variables that are necessary for
     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> to function correctly under some operating
     systems, and then invokes the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary.
     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> will pass through any command line
     arguments, so any <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> options may also be used with
     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code>.  You may also directly edit the
     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script by changing the <code>HTTPD</code>
     variable near the top to specify the correct location of the
     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary and any command-line arguments that you
     wish to be <em>always</em> present.</p>

     <p>The first thing that <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> does when it is
     invoked is to locate and read the <a href="configuring.html">configuration file</a>
     <code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at
     compile-time, but it is possible to specify its location at run
     time using the <code>-f</code> command-line option as in</p>

 <div class="example"><p><code>/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -f
       /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code></p></div>

     <p>If all goes well during startup, the server will detach from
     the terminal and the command prompt will return almost
     immediately. This indicates that the server is up and running.
     You can then use your browser to connect to the server and view
     the test page in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directory.</p>
 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="errors" id="errors">Errors During Start-up</a></h2>

     <p>If Apache suffers a fatal problem during startup, it will
     write a message describing the problem either to the console or
     to the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> before
     exiting. One of the most common error messages is "<code>Unable
     to bind to Port ...</code>". This message is usually caused by
     either:</p>

     <ul>
       <li>Trying to start the server on a privileged port when not
       logged in as the root user; or</li>

       <li>Trying to start the server when there is another instance
       of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same
       Port.</li>
     </ul>

     <p>For further trouble-shooting instructions, consult the
     Apache <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a>.</p>
 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="boot" id="boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></h2>

     <p>If you want your server to continue running after a system
     reboot, you should add a call to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> to your
     system startup files (typically <code>rc.local</code> or a file in
     an <code>rc.N</code> directory). This will start Apache as
     root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly
     configured for security and access restrictions.</p>

     <p>The <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script is designed to act like a
     standard SysV init script; it can take the arguments
     <code>start</code>, <code>restart</code>, and <code>stop</code>
     and translate them into the appropriate signals to
     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.  So you can often simply link
     <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> into the appropriate init directory. But be
     sure to check the exact requirements of your system.</p>
 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="info" id="info">Additional Information</a></h2>

     <p>Additional information about the command-line options of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> and <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> as well as other support
     programs included with the server is available on the
     <a href="programs/">Server and Supporting Programs</a> page.
     There is also documentation on all the <a href="mod/">modules</a> included with the Apache distribution
     and the <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> that they
     provide.</p>
 </div></div>
 <div class="bottomlang">
 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español">&nbsp;es&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./fr/invoking.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
 <a href="./tr/invoking.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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	<title>Starting Apache - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
	<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
	<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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	</script>

	<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
	<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
	<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> \| <a href="./mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> \| <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> \| <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> \| <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
	<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
	<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div>
	<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
	<div id="path">
	<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Starting Apache</h1>
	<div class="toplang">
	<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> \|
	<a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English"> en </a> \|
	<a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> \|
	<a href="./fr/invoking.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> \|
	<a href="./ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> \|
	<a href="./ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> \|
	<a href="./tr/invoking.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
	</div>

	<p>On Windows, Apache is normally run as a service.
	For details, see <a href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">Running Apache as a Service</a>.
	</p>

	<p>On Unix, the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> program
	is run as a daemon that executes continuously in the
	background to handle requests. This document describes how
	to invoke <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</p>
	</div>
	<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#startup">How Apache Starts</a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#errors">Errors During Start-up</a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#info">Additional Information</a></li>
	</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</a></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
	<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="startup" id="startup">How Apache Starts</a></h2>

	<p>If the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
	specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other
	port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in
	order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged
	port. Once the server has started and performed a few preliminary
	activities such as opening its log files, it will launch several
	<em>child</em> processes which do the work of listening for and
	answering requests from clients. The main <code>httpd</code>
	process continues to run as the root user, but the child processes
	run as a less privileged user. This is controlled by the selected
	<a href="mpm.html">Multi-Processing Module</a>.</p>

	<p>The recommended method of invoking the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
	executable is to use the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> control script. This
	script sets certain environment variables that are necessary for
	<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> to function correctly under some operating
	systems, and then invokes the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary.
	<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> will pass through any command line
	arguments, so any <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> options may also be used with
	<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code>. You may also directly edit the
	<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script by changing the <code>HTTPD</code>
	variable near the top to specify the correct location of the
	<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary and any command-line arguments that you
	wish to be <em>always</em> present.</p>

	<p>The first thing that <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> does when it is
	invoked is to locate and read the <a href="configuring.html">configuration file</a>
	<code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at
	compile-time, but it is possible to specify its location at run
	time using the <code>-f</code> command-line option as in</p>

	<div class="example"><p><code>/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -f
	/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code></p></div>

	<p>If all goes well during startup, the server will detach from
	the terminal and the command prompt will return almost
	immediately. This indicates that the server is up and running.
	You can then use your browser to connect to the server and view
	the test page in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directory.</p>
	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="errors" id="errors">Errors During Start-up</a></h2>

	<p>If Apache suffers a fatal problem during startup, it will
	write a message describing the problem either to the console or
	to the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> before
	exiting. One of the most common error messages is "<code>Unable
	to bind to Port ...</code>". This message is usually caused by
	either:</p>

	<ul>
	<li>Trying to start the server on a privileged port when not
	logged in as the root user; or</li>

	<li>Trying to start the server when there is another instance
	of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same
	Port.</li>
	</ul>

	<p>For further trouble-shooting instructions, consult the
	Apache <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a>.</p>
	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="boot" id="boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></h2>

	<p>If you want your server to continue running after a system
	reboot, you should add a call to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> to your
	system startup files (typically <code>rc.local</code> or a file in
	an <code>rc.N</code> directory). This will start Apache as
	root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly
	configured for security and access restrictions.</p>

	<p>The <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script is designed to act like a
	standard SysV init script; it can take the arguments
	<code>start</code>, <code>restart</code>, and <code>stop</code>
	and translate them into the appropriate signals to
	<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. So you can often simply link
	<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> into the appropriate init directory. But be
	sure to check the exact requirements of your system.</p>
	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="info" id="info">Additional Information</a></h2>

	<p>Additional information about the command-line options of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> and <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> as well as other support
	programs included with the server is available on the
	<a href="programs/">Server and Supporting Programs</a> page.
	There is also documentation on all the <a href="mod/">modules</a> included with the Apache distribution
	and the <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> that they
	provide.</p>
	</div></div>
	<div class="bottomlang">
	<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> \|
	<a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English"> en </a> \|
	<a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> \|
	<a href="./fr/invoking.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> \|
	<a href="./ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> \|
	<a href="./ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> \|
	<a href="./tr/invoking.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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