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     <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
   </div>
 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li>
 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>


     <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>


     <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
     the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
     it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
     be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
     addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
     <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how
     <code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and
     ports.</p>

     <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
     directive tells the server to accept
     incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or
     address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
     specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
     directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces.
     If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen
     on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
     specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
     server will respond to requests from any of the listed
     addresses and ports.</p>

     <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
     port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>

     <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 80
 Listen 8000</pre>
 </div>

     <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
        and port 8000 on another, use</p>

     <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.0.2.1:80
 Listen 192.0.2.5:8000</pre>
 </div>

     <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
     following example:</p>

     <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80</pre>
 </div>

     <div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a
     fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p>

     <div class="example"><p><code>
       (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
     </code></p></div>

     <p>See <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/CouldNotBindToAddress">the
     discussion in the wiki</a> for further troubleshooting tips.</p>

 </div>

   </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>


     <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
     <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
     allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
     over IPv6.</p>

     <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
     not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
     connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
     IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
     platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
     OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
     platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
     special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
     for httpd.</p>

     <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
     <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
     mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
     with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
     addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>

     <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
     FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
     built.</p>

     <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
     what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
     following examples:</p>

     <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 0.0.0.0:80
 Listen 192.0.2.1:80</pre>
 </div>

     <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
     IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
     addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
     default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
   </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2>

     <p>The optional second <var>protocol</var> argument of
        <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
        is not required for most
        configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for
        port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports.  The
        protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and
        to apply protocol specific optimizations with the
        <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p>

     <p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard
        ports.  For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p>

     <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https</pre>
 </div>
   </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 <div class="section">
 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>


     <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
     Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
     main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
     directives are used, the server will behave
     in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
     can be used to specify a different behavior
     for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
     VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
     address and port to be used. Then a
     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code> section
     should be created for the specified address and port to set the
     behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
     <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>
     is set for an address and port that the
     server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
   </div></div>
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	<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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	</div>

	<p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
	</div>
	<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li>
	<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
	</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
	<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>


	<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>


	<p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
	the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
	it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
	be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
	addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
	<a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how
	<code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and
	ports.</p>

	<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
	directive tells the server to accept
	incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or
	address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
	specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
	directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces.
	If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen
	on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
	specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
	server will respond to requests from any of the listed
	addresses and ports.</p>

	<p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
	port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>

	<div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 80
	Listen 8000</pre>
	</div>

	<p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
	and port 8000 on another, use</p>

	<div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.0.2.1:80
	Listen 192.0.2.5:8000</pre>
	</div>

	<p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
	following example:</p>

	<div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80</pre>
	</div>

	<div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a
	fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p>

	<div class="example"><p><code>
	(48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
	</code></p></div>

	<p>See <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/CouldNotBindToAddress">the
	discussion in the wiki</a> for further troubleshooting tips.</p>

	</div>

	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>


	<p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
	<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
	allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
	over IPv6.</p>

	<p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
	not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
	connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
	IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
	platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
	OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
	platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
	special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
	for httpd.</p>

	<p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
	<strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
	mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
	with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
	addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>

	<p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
	FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
	built.</p>

	<p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
	what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
	<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
	following examples:</p>

	<div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 0.0.0.0:80
	Listen 192.0.2.1:80</pre>
	</div>

	<p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
	IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
	addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
	default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2>

	<p>The optional second <var>protocol</var> argument of
	<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
	is not required for most
	configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for
	port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports. The
	protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and
	to apply protocol specific optimizations with the
	<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p>

	<p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard
	ports. For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p>

	<div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https</pre>
	</div>
	</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
	<div class="section">
	<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>


	<p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
	Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
	main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
	<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
	directives are used, the server will behave
	in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
	<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
	can be used to specify a different behavior
	for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
	VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
	address and port to be used. Then a
	<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
	should be created for the specified address and port to set the
	behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
	<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
	is set for an address and port that the
	server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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