| <!doctype html><html itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/WebPage lang=en class=no-js><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no"><meta name=robots content="index, follow"><link rel="shortcut icon" href=/favicons/favicon.ico><link rel=apple-touch-icon href=/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png sizes=180x180><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/favicons/favicon-16x16.png sizes=16x16><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/favicons/favicon-32x32.png sizes=32x32><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/favicons/android-36x36.png sizes=36x36><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/favicons/android-48x48.png sizes=48x48><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/favicons/android-72x72.png sizes=72x72><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/favicons/android-96x96.png sizes=96x96><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/favicons/android-144x144.png sizes=144x144><link rel=icon type=image/png href=/favicons/android-192x192.png sizes=192x192><title>Table Partitioning | Apache HoraeDB</title><meta name=description content="Note: This feature is still in development, and the API may change in the future. |
| This chapter discusses PartitionTable. |
| The partition table syntax used by HoraeDB is similar to that of MySQL. |
| General partition tables include Range Partitioning, List Partitoning, Hash Partitioning, and Key Partititioning. |
| HoraeDB currently only supports Key Partitioning. |
| Architecture Similar to MySQL, different portions of a partition table are stored as separate tables in different locations. |
| Currently designed, a partition table can be opened on multiple HoraeDB nodes, supports writing and querying at the same time, and can be expanded horizontally."><meta property="og:url" content="https://horaedb.apache.org/docs/design/table_partitioning/"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Apache HoraeDB"><meta property="og:title" content="Table Partitioning"><meta property="og:description" content="Note: This feature is still in development, and the API may change in the future. |
| This chapter discusses PartitionTable. |
| The partition table syntax used by HoraeDB is similar to that of MySQL. |
| General partition tables include Range Partitioning, List Partitoning, Hash Partitioning, and Key Partititioning. |
| HoraeDB currently only supports Key Partitioning. |
| Architecture Similar to MySQL, different portions of a partition table are stored as separate tables in different locations. |
| Currently designed, a partition table can be opened on multiple HoraeDB nodes, supports writing and querying at the same time, and can be expanded horizontally."><meta property="og:locale" content="en"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="article:section" content="docs"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-08-21T10:34:40+08:00"><meta itemprop=name content="Table Partitioning"><meta itemprop=description content="Note: This feature is still in development, and the API may change in the future. |
| This chapter discusses PartitionTable. |
| The partition table syntax used by HoraeDB is similar to that of MySQL. |
| General partition tables include Range Partitioning, List Partitoning, Hash Partitioning, and Key Partititioning. |
| HoraeDB currently only supports Key Partitioning. |
| Architecture Similar to MySQL, different portions of a partition table are stored as separate tables in different locations. |
| Currently designed, a partition table can be opened on multiple HoraeDB nodes, supports writing and querying at the same time, and can be expanded horizontally."><meta itemprop=dateModified content="2024-08-21T10:34:40+08:00"><meta itemprop=wordCount content="568"><meta name=twitter:card content="summary"><meta name=twitter:title content="Table Partitioning"><meta name=twitter:description content="Note: This feature is still in development, and the API may change in the future. |
| This chapter discusses PartitionTable. |
| The partition table syntax used by HoraeDB is similar to that of MySQL. |
| General partition tables include Range Partitioning, List Partitoning, Hash Partitioning, and Key Partititioning. |
| HoraeDB currently only supports Key Partitioning. |
| Architecture Similar to MySQL, different portions of a partition table are stored as separate tables in different locations. |
| Currently designed, a partition table can be opened on multiple HoraeDB nodes, supports writing and querying at the same time, and can be expanded horizontally."><link rel=preload href=/scss/main.min.18c08ee35308968138c55945e86231cae563e39470a6efcb36f516f6b21b6a02.css as=style integrity="sha256-GMCO41MIloE4xVlF6GIxyuVj45Rwpu/LNvUW9rIbagI=" crossorigin=anonymous><link href=/scss/main.min.18c08ee35308968138c55945e86231cae563e39470a6efcb36f516f6b21b6a02.css rel=stylesheet integrity="sha256-GMCO41MIloE4xVlF6GIxyuVj45Rwpu/LNvUW9rIbagI=" crossorigin=anonymous><script src=https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g==" crossorigin=anonymous></script><script defer src=https://unpkg.com/lunr@2.3.9/lunr.min.js integrity=sha384-203J0SNzyqHby3iU6hzvzltrWi/M41wOP5Gu+BiJMz5nwKykbkUx8Kp7iti0Lpli crossorigin=anonymous></script></head><body class=td-page><header><nav class="td-navbar js-navbar-scroll" data-bs-theme=dark><div class="container-fluid flex-column flex-md-row"><a class=navbar-brand href=/><span class="navbar-brand__logo navbar-logo"></span><span class=navbar-brand__name>Apache HoraeDB</span></a><div class="td-navbar-nav-scroll ms-md-auto" id=main_navbar><ul class=navbar-nav><li class=nav-item><a class="nav-link active" href=/docs/><i class='fa-solid fa-book'></i><span>Docs</span></a></li><li class=nav-item><a class=nav-link href=/blog/><i class='fa-brands fa-blogger'></i><span>Blog</span></a></li><li class=nav-item><a class=nav-link href=/downloads/><i class='fa-solid fa-download'></i><span>Downloads</span></a></li><li class=nav-item><a class=nav-link href=/community/><span>Community</span></a></li><li class="nav-item dropdown d-none d-lg-block"><div class=dropdown><a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href=# role=button data-bs-toggle=dropdown aria-haspopup=true aria-expanded=false>English</a><ul class=dropdown-menu><li><a class=dropdown-item href=/cn/docs/design/table_partitioning/>中文</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="td-light-dark-menu nav-item dropdown"><svg class="d-none"><symbol id="check2" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13.854 3.646a.5.5.0 010 .708l-7 7a.5.5.0 01-.708.0l-3.5-3.5a.5.5.0 11.708-.708L6.5 10.293l6.646-6.647a.5.5.0 01.708.0z"/></symbol><symbol id="circle-half" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 108 1v14zm0 1A8 8 0 118 0a8 8 0 010 16z"/></symbol><symbol id="moon-stars-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M6 .278a.768.768.0 01.08.858 7.208 7.208.0 00-.878 3.46c0 4.021 3.278 7.277 7.318 7.277.527.0 1.04-.055 1.533-.16a.787.787.0 01.81.316.733.733.0 01-.031.893A8.349 8.349.0 018.344 16C3.734 16 0 12.286.0 7.71.0 4.266 2.114 1.312 5.124.06A.752.752.0 016 .278z"/><path d="M10.794 3.148a.217.217.0 01.412.0l.387 1.162c.173.518.579.924 1.097 1.097l1.162.387a.217.217.0 010 .412l-1.162.387A1.734 1.734.0 0011.593 7.69l-.387 1.162a.217.217.0 01-.412.0l-.387-1.162A1.734 1.734.0 009.31 6.593l-1.162-.387a.217.217.0 010-.412l1.162-.387a1.734 1.734.0 001.097-1.097l.387-1.162zM13.863.099a.145.145.0 01.274.0l.258.774c.115.346.386.617.732.732l.774.258a.145.145.0 010 .274l-.774.258a1.156 1.156.0 00-.732.732l-.258.774a.145.145.0 01-.274.0l-.258-.774a1.156 1.156.0 00-.732-.732l-.774-.258a.145.145.0 010-.274l.774-.258c.346-.115.617-.386.732-.732L13.863.1z"/></symbol><symbol id="sun-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M8 12a4 4 0 100-8 4 4 0 000 8zM8 0a.5.5.0 01.5.5v2a.5.5.0 01-1 0v-2A.5.5.0 018 0zm0 13a.5.5.0 01.5.5v2a.5.5.0 01-1 0v-2A.5.5.0 018 13zm8-5a.5.5.0 01-.5.5h-2a.5.5.0 010-1h2a.5.5.0 01.5.5zM3 8a.5.5.0 01-.5.5h-2a.5.5.0 010-1h2A.5.5.0 013 8zm10.657-5.657a.5.5.0 010 .707l-1.414 1.415a.5.5.0 11-.707-.708l1.414-1.414a.5.5.0 01.707.0zm-9.193 9.193a.5.5.0 010 .707L3.05 13.657a.5.5.0 01-.707-.707l1.414-1.414a.5.5.0 01.707.0zm9.193 2.121a.5.5.0 01-.707.0l-1.414-1.414a.5.5.0 01.707-.707l1.414 1.414a.5.5.0 010 .707zM4.464 4.465a.5.5.0 01-.707.0L2.343 3.05a.5.5.0 11.707-.707l1.414 1.414a.5.5.0 010 .708z"/></symbol></svg> |
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| <a id=print href=/_print/docs/design/><i class="fa-solid fa-print fa-fw"></i> Print entire section</a></div><div class=td-toc><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#architecture>Architecture</a><ul><li><a href=#key-partitioning>Key Partitioning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#query>Query</a><ul><li><a href=#key-partitioning-1>Key partitioning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#write>Write</a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="taxonomy taxonomy-terms-cloud taxo-tags"><h5 class=taxonomy-title>Tags</h5><ul class=taxonomy-terms><li><a class=taxonomy-term href=https://horaedb.apache.org/tags/release/ data-taxonomy-term=release><span class=taxonomy-label>Release</span><span class=taxonomy-count>1</span></a></li></ul></div></aside><main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 ps-md-5" role=main><nav aria-label=breadcrumb class=td-breadcrumbs><ol class=breadcrumb><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=/docs/>Docs</a></li><li class=breadcrumb-item><a href=/docs/design/>Technical and Design</a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current=page>Table Partitioning</li></ol></nav><div class=td-content><h1>Table Partitioning</h1><header class=article-meta></header><p><strong>Note: This feature is still in development, and the API may change in the future.</strong></p><p>This chapter discusses <code>PartitionTable</code>.</p><p>The partition table syntax used by HoraeDB is similar to that of <a href=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/partitioning-types.html>MySQL</a>.</p><p>General partition tables include <code>Range Partitioning</code>, <code>List Partitoning</code>, <code>Hash Partitioning</code>, and <code>Key Partititioning</code>.</p><p>HoraeDB currently only supports <code>Key Partitioning</code>.</p><h2 id=architecture>Architecture</h2><p>Similar to MySQL, different portions of a partition table are stored as separate tables in different locations.</p><p>Currently designed, a partition table can be opened on multiple HoraeDB nodes, supports writing and querying at the same time, and can be expanded horizontally.</p><p>As shown in the figure below, <code>PartitionTable</code> is opened on node0 and node1, and the physical subtables where the actual data are stored on node2 and node3.</p><pre tabindex=0><code> ┌───────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ |
| │Node0 │ │Node1 │ |
| │ ┌────────────────┐ │ │ ┌────────────────┐ │ |
| │ │ PartitionTable │ │ │ │ PartitionTable │ │ |
| │ └────────────────┘ │ │ └────────────────┘ │ |
| │ │ │ │ │ │ |
| └────────────┼──────────┘ └───────────┼───────────┘ |
| │ │ |
| │ │ |
| ┌───────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────┐ |
| │ │ │ │ |
| ┌────────────┼───────────────────────┼─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┼───────────────────────┼────────────┐ |
| │Node2 │ │ │ │Node3 │ │ │ |
| │ ▼ ▼ │ │ ▼ ▼ │ |
| │ ┌─────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ │ ┌─────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ |
| │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ |
| │ │ SubTable_0 │ │ SubTable_1 │ │ │ │ SubTable_2 │ │ SubTable_3 │ │ |
| │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ |
| │ └─────────────────────┘ └─────────────────────┘ │ │ └─────────────────────┘ └─────────────────────┘ │ |
| │ │ │ │ |
| └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ |
| </code></pre><h3 id=key-partitioning>Key Partitioning</h3><p><code>Key Partitioning</code> supports one or more column calculations, using the hash algorithm provided by HoraeDB for calculations.</p><p>Use restrictions:</p><ul><li>Only tag column is supported as partition key.</li><li><code>LINEAR KEY</code> is not supported yet.</li></ul><p>The table creation statement for the key partitioning is as follows:</p><div class=highlight><div style=-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><table style=border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0><tr><td style=vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0><pre tabindex=0 style=-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:.4em;padding:0 .4em;color:#7f7f7f">1 |
| </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:.4em;padding:0 .4em;color:#7f7f7f">2 |
| </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:.4em;padding:0 .4em;color:#7f7f7f">3 |
| </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:.4em;padding:0 .4em;color:#7f7f7f">4 |
| </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:.4em;padding:0 .4em;color:#7f7f7f">5 |
| </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:.4em;padding:0 .4em;color:#7f7f7f">6 |
| </span><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:.4em;padding:0 .4em;color:#7f7f7f">7 |
| </span></code></pre></td><td style=vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;width:100%><pre tabindex=0 style=-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-sql data-lang=sql><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>CREATE</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>TABLE</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:#666>`</span>demo<span style=color:#666>`</span>(<span style=color:#bbb> |
| </span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:#666>`</span>name<span style=color:#666>`</span>string<span style=color:#bbb> </span>TAG,<span style=color:#bbb> |
| </span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:#666>`</span>id<span style=color:#666>`</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green>int</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span>TAG,<span style=color:#bbb> |
| </span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:#666>`</span>value<span style=color:#666>`</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span>double<span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>NOT</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>NULL</span>,<span style=color:#bbb> |
| </span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:#666>`</span>t<span style=color:#666>`</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>timestamp</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>NOT</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>NULL</span>,<span style=color:#bbb> |
| </span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>TIMESTAMP</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>KEY</span>(t)<span style=color:#bbb> |
| </span></span></span><span style=display:flex><span><span style=color:#bbb> </span>)<span style=color:#bbb> </span>PARTITION<span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>BY</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:green;font-weight:700>KEY</span>(name)<span style=color:#bbb> </span>PARTITIONS<span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:#666>2</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span>ENGINE<span style=color:#bbb> </span><span style=color:#666>=</span><span style=color:#bbb> </span>Analytic<span style=color:#bbb> |
| </span></span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><p>Refer to <a href=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-key.html>MySQL key partitioning</a>.</p><h2 id=query>Query</h2><p>Since the partition table data is actually stored in different physical tables, it is necessary to calculate the actual requested physical table according to the query request when querying.</p><p>The query will calculate the physical table to be queried according to the query parameters, and then remotely request the node where the physical table is located to obtain data through the HoraeDB internal service <a href=https://github.com/apache/incubator-horaedb/blob/89dca646c627de3cee2133e8f3df96d89854c1a3/server/src/grpc/remote_engine_service/mod.rs>remote engine</a> (support predicate pushdown).</p><p>The implementation of the partition table is in <a href=https://github.com/apache/incubator-horaedb/blob/89dca646c627de3cee2133e8f3df96d89854c1a3/analytic_engine/src/table/partition.rs>PartitionTableImpl</a>.</p><ul><li>Step 1: Parse query sql and calculate the physical table to be queried according to the query parameters.</li><li>Step 2: Query data of physical table.</li><li>Step 3: Compute with the raw data.</li></ul><pre tabindex=0><code> │ |
| 1 │ |
| │ |
| ▼ |
| ┌───────────────┐ |
| │Node0 │ |
| │ │ |
| │ │ |
| └───────────────┘ |
| ┬ |
| 2 │ 2 |
| ┌──────────────┴──────────────┐ |
| │ ▲ │ |
| │ 3 │ 3 │ |
| ▼ ─────────────┴───────────── ▼ |
| ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ |
| │Node1 │ │Node2 │ |
| │ │ │ │ |
| │ │ │ │ |
| └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ |
| </code></pre><h3 id=key-partitioning-1>Key partitioning</h3><ul><li>Filters like <code>and</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>in</code>, <code>=</code> will choose specific SubTables.</li><li>Fuzzy matching filters like <code><</code>, <code>></code> are also supported, but may have poor performance since it will scan all physical tables.</li></ul><p><code>Key partitioning</code> rule is implemented in <a href=https://github.com/apache/incubator-horaedb/blob/89dca646c627de3cee2133e8f3df96d89854c1a3/table_engine/src/partition/rule/key.rs>KeyRule</a>.</p><h2 id=write>Write</h2><p>The write process is similar to the query process.</p><p>First, according to the partition rules, the write request is split into different partitioned physical tables, and then sent to different physical nodes through the remote engine for actual data writing.</p><div class=td-page-meta__lastmod>Last modified August 21, 2024: <a href=https://github.com/apache/horaedb-docs/commit/36785ca3da45c2b6ac45fbd16916ead7ef98b2cf>refactor: use hugo to build website (#132) (36785ca)</a></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="td-footer row d-print-none"><div class=container-fluid><div class="row mx-md-2"><div class=td-footer__center>Apache HoraeDB is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.<hr><span class=td-footer__copyright>© |
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