src/port/path.c

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * path.c
 *	  portable path handling routines
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/port/path.c,v 1.79 2009/06/11 14:49:15 momjian Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

#include "postgres.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#ifdef WIN32
#ifdef _WIN32_IE
#undef _WIN32_IE
#endif
#define _WIN32_IE 0x0500
#ifdef near
#undef near
#endif
#define near
#include <shlobj.h>
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#include "pg_config_paths.h"

#ifndef WIN32
#define IS_DIR_SEP(ch)	((ch) == '/')
#else
#define IS_DIR_SEP(ch)	((ch) == '/' || (ch) == '\\')
#endif

#ifndef WIN32
#define IS_PATH_SEP(ch) ((ch) == ':')
#else
#define IS_PATH_SEP(ch) ((ch) == ';')
#endif

/*
 * These declarations are for gp_mkdtemp on Solaris
 *
 * On Solaris there is no mkdtemp function, so we added our
 * own implementation.
 */
#if defined pg_on_solaris

/*
 * A lower bound on the number of temporary files to attempt to
 * generate.  The maximum total number of temporary file names that
 * can exist for a given template is 62**6.  It should never be
 * necessary to try all these combinations.  Instead if a reasonable
 * number of names is tried (we define reasonable as 62**3) fail to
 * give the system administrator the chance to remove the problems.
 */
#define MKDTEMP_ATTEMPTS_MIN (62 * 62 * 62)

#ifndef __set_errno
# define __set_errno(Val) errno = (Val)
#endif

	/* These are the characters used in temporary file names.  */
static const char letters[] =
	"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";

#endif

static void make_relative_path(char *ret_path, const char *target_path,
				   const char *bin_path, const char *my_exec_path);
static void trim_directory(char *path);
static void trim_trailing_separator(char *path);


/*
 * skip_drive
 *
 * On Windows, a path may begin with "C:" or "//network/".	Advance over
 * this and point to the effective start of the path.
 */
#ifdef WIN32

static char *
skip_drive(const char *path)
{
	if (IS_DIR_SEP(path[0]) && IS_DIR_SEP(path[1]))
	{
		path += 2;
		while (*path && !IS_DIR_SEP(*path))
			path++;
	}
	else if (isalpha((unsigned char) path[0]) && path[1] == ':')
	{
		path += 2;
	}
	return (char *) path;
}
#else

#define skip_drive(path)	(path)
#endif

/*
 *	first_dir_separator
 *
 * Find the location of the first directory separator, return
 * NULL if not found.
 */
char *
first_dir_separator(const char *filename)
{
	const char *p;

	for (p = skip_drive(filename); *p; p++)
		if (IS_DIR_SEP(*p))
			return (char *) p;
	return NULL;
}

/*
 *	first_path_separator
 *
 * Find the location of the first path separator (i.e. ':' on
 * Unix, ';' on Windows), return NULL if not found.
 */
char *
first_path_separator(const char *pathlist)
{
	const char *p;

	/* skip_drive is not needed */
	for (p = pathlist; *p; p++)
		if (IS_PATH_SEP(*p))
			return (char *) p;
	return NULL;
}

/*
 *	last_dir_separator
 *
 * Find the location of the last directory separator, return
 * NULL if not found.
 */
char *
last_dir_separator(const char *filename)
{
	const char *p,
			   *ret = NULL;

	for (p = skip_drive(filename); *p; p++)
		if (IS_DIR_SEP(*p))
			ret = p;
	return (char *) ret;
}


/*
 *	make_native_path - on WIN32, change / to \ in the path
 *
 *	This effectively undoes canonicalize_path.
 *
 *	This is required because WIN32 COPY is an internal CMD.EXE
 *	command and doesn't process forward slashes in the same way
 *	as external commands.  Quoting the first argument to COPY
 *	does not convert forward to backward slashes, but COPY does
 *	properly process quoted forward slashes in the second argument.
 *
 *	COPY works with quoted forward slashes in the first argument
 *	only if the current directory is the same as the directory
 *	of the first argument.
 */
void
make_native_path(char *filename)
{
#ifdef WIN32
	char	   *p;

	for (p = filename; *p; p++)
		if (*p == '/')
			*p = '\\';
#else
	UnusedArg(filename);
#endif
}


/*
 * join_path_components - join two path components, inserting a slash
 *
 * ret_path is the output area (must be of size MAXPGPATH)
 *
 * ret_path can be the same as head, but not the same as tail.
 */
void
join_path_components(char *ret_path,
					 const char *head, const char *tail)
{
	if (ret_path != head)
		strlcpy(ret_path, head, MAXPGPATH);

	/*
	 * Remove any leading "." and ".." in the tail component, adjusting head
	 * as needed.
	 */
	for (;;)
	{
		if (tail[0] == '.' && IS_DIR_SEP(tail[1]))
		{
			tail += 2;
		}
		else if (tail[0] == '.' && tail[1] == '\0')
		{
			tail += 1;
			break;
		}
		else if (tail[0] == '.' && tail[1] == '.' && IS_DIR_SEP(tail[2]))
		{
			trim_directory(ret_path);
			tail += 3;
		}
		else if (tail[0] == '.' && tail[1] == '.' && tail[2] == '\0')
		{
			trim_directory(ret_path);
			tail += 2;
			break;
		}
		else
			break;
	}
	if (*tail)
		snprintf(ret_path + strlen(ret_path), MAXPGPATH - strlen(ret_path),
				 "/%s", tail);
}


/*
 *	Clean up path by:
 *		o  make Win32 path use Unix slashes
 *		o  remove trailing quote on Win32
 *		o  remove trailing slash
 *		o  remove duplicate adjacent separators
 *		o  remove trailing '.'
 *		o  process trailing '..' ourselves
 */
void
canonicalize_path(char *path)
{
	char	   *p,
			   *to_p;
	char	   *spath;
	bool		was_sep = false;
	int			pending_strips;

#ifdef WIN32

	/*
	 * The Windows command processor will accept suitably quoted paths with
	 * forward slashes, but barfs badly with mixed forward and back slashes.
	 */
	for (p = path; *p; p++)
	{
		if (*p == '\\')
			*p = '/';
	}

	/*
	 * In Win32, if you do: prog.exe "a b" "\c\d\" the system will pass \c\d"
	 * as argv[2], so trim off trailing quote.
	 */
	if (p > path && *(p - 1) == '"')
		*(p - 1) = '/';
#endif

	/*
	 * Removing the trailing slash on a path means we never get ugly double
	 * trailing slashes. Also, Win32 can't stat() a directory with a trailing
	 * slash. Don't remove a leading slash, though.
	 */
	trim_trailing_separator(path);

	/*
	 * Remove duplicate adjacent separators
	 */
	p = path;
#ifdef WIN32
	/* Don't remove leading double-slash on Win32 */
	if (*p)
		p++;
#endif
	to_p = p;
	for (; *p; p++, to_p++)
	{
		/* Handle many adjacent slashes, like "/a///b" */
		while (*p == '/' && was_sep)
			p++;
		if (to_p != p)
			*to_p = *p;
		was_sep = (*p == '/');
	}
	*to_p = '\0';

	/*
	 * Remove any trailing uses of "." and process ".." ourselves
	 *
	 * Note that "/../.." should reduce to just "/", while "../.." has to be
	 * kept as-is.	In the latter case we put back mistakenly trimmed ".."
	 * components below.  Also note that we want a Windows drive spec to be
	 * visible to trim_directory(), but it's not part of the logic that's
	 * looking at the name components; hence distinction between path and
	 * spath.
	 */
	spath = skip_drive(path);
	pending_strips = 0;
	for (;;)
	{
		int			len = strlen(spath);

		if (len >= 2 && strcmp(spath + len - 2, "/.") == 0)
			trim_directory(path);
		else if (strcmp(spath, ".") == 0)
		{
			/* Want to leave "." alone, but "./.." has to become ".." */
			if (pending_strips > 0)
				*spath = '\0';
			break;
		}
		else if ((len >= 3 && strcmp(spath + len - 3, "/..") == 0) ||
				 strcmp(spath, "..") == 0)
		{
			trim_directory(path);
			pending_strips++;
		}
		else if (pending_strips > 0 && *spath != '\0')
		{
			/* trim a regular directory name cancelled by ".." */
			trim_directory(path);
			pending_strips--;
			/* foo/.. should become ".", not empty */
			if (*spath == '\0')
				strcpy(spath, ".");
		}
		else
			break;
	}

	if (pending_strips > 0)
	{
		/*
		 * We could only get here if path is now totally empty (other than a
		 * possible drive specifier on Windows). We have to put back one or
		 * more ".."'s that we took off.
		 */
		while (--pending_strips > 0)
			strcat(path, "../");
		strcat(path, "..");
	}
}

/*
 * Detect whether a path contains any parent-directory references ("..")
 *
 * The input *must* have been put through canonicalize_path previously.
 *
 * This is a bit tricky because we mustn't be fooled by "..a.." (legal)
 * nor "C:.." (legal on Unix but not Windows).
 */
bool
path_contains_parent_reference(const char *path)
{
	int			path_len;

	path = skip_drive(path);	/* C: shouldn't affect our conclusion */

	path_len = strlen(path);

	/*
	 * ".." could be the whole path; otherwise, if it's present it must be at
	 * the beginning, in the middle, or at the end.
	 */
	if (strcmp(path, "..") == 0 ||
		strncmp(path, "../", 3) == 0 ||
		strstr(path, "/../") != NULL ||
		(path_len >= 3 && strcmp(path + path_len - 3, "/..") == 0))
		return true;

	return false;
}

/*
 * Detect whether path1 is a prefix of path2 (including equality).
 *
 * This is pretty trivial, but it seems better to export a function than
 * to export IS_DIR_SEP.
 */
bool
path_is_prefix_of_path(const char *path1, const char *path2)
{
	int			path1_len = strlen(path1);

	if (strncmp(path1, path2, path1_len) == 0 &&
		(IS_DIR_SEP(path2[path1_len]) || path2[path1_len] == '\0'))
		return true;
	return false;
}

/*
 * Extracts the actual name of the program as called -
 * stripped of .exe suffix if any
 */
const char *
get_progname(const char *argv0)
{
	const char *nodir_name;
	char	   *progname;

	nodir_name = last_dir_separator(argv0);
	if (nodir_name)
		nodir_name++;
	else
		nodir_name = skip_drive(argv0);

	/*
	 * Make a copy in case argv[0] is modified by ps_status. Leaks memory, but
	 * called only once.
	 */
	progname = strdup(nodir_name);
	if (progname == NULL)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory\n", nodir_name);
		exit(1);				/* This could exit the postmaster */
	}

#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(WIN32)
	/* strip ".exe" suffix, regardless of case */
	if (strlen(progname) > sizeof(EXE) - 1 &&
	pg_strcasecmp(progname + strlen(progname) - (sizeof(EXE) - 1), EXE) == 0)
		progname[strlen(progname) - (sizeof(EXE) - 1)] = '\0';
#endif

	return progname;
}


/*
 * dir_strcmp: strcmp except any two DIR_SEP characters are considered equal,
 * and we honor filesystem case insensitivity if known
 */
static int
dir_strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
	while (*s1 && *s2)
	{
		if (
#ifndef WIN32
			*s1 != *s2
#else
			/* On windows, paths are case-insensitive */
			pg_tolower((unsigned char) *s1) != pg_tolower((unsigned char) *s2)
#endif
			&& !(IS_DIR_SEP(*s1) && IS_DIR_SEP(*s2)))
			return (int) *s1 - (int) *s2;
		s1++, s2++;
	}
	if (*s1)
		return 1;				/* s1 longer */
	if (*s2)
		return -1;				/* s2 longer */
	return 0;
}


/*
 * make_relative_path - make a path relative to the actual binary location
 *
 * This function exists to support relocation of installation trees.
 *
 *	ret_path is the output area (must be of size MAXPGPATH)
 *	target_path is the compiled-in path to the directory we want to find
 *	bin_path is the compiled-in path to the directory of executables
 *	my_exec_path is the actual location of my executable
 *
 * We determine the common prefix of target_path and bin_path, then compare
 * the remainder of bin_path to the last directory component(s) of
 * my_exec_path.  If they match, build the result as the part of my_exec_path
 * preceding the match, joined to the remainder of target_path.  If no match,
 * return target_path as-is.
 *
 * For example:
 *		target_path  = '/usr/local/share/postgresql'
 *		bin_path	 = '/usr/local/bin'
 *		my_exec_path = '/opt/pgsql/bin/postmaster'
 * Given these inputs, the common prefix is '/usr/local/', the tail of
 * bin_path is 'bin' which does match the last directory component of
 * my_exec_path, so we would return '/opt/pgsql/share/postgresql'
 */
static void
make_relative_path(char *ret_path, const char *target_path,
				   const char *bin_path, const char *my_exec_path)
{
	int			prefix_len;
	int			tail_start;
	int			tail_len;
	int			i;

	/*
	 * Determine the common prefix --- note we require it to end on a
	 * directory separator, consider eg '/usr/lib' and '/usr/libexec'.
	 */
	prefix_len = 0;
	for (i = 0; target_path[i] && bin_path[i]; i++)
	{
		if (IS_DIR_SEP(target_path[i]) && IS_DIR_SEP(bin_path[i]))
			prefix_len = i + 1;
		else if (target_path[i] != bin_path[i])
			break;
	}
	if (prefix_len == 0)
		goto no_match;			/* no common prefix? */
	tail_len = strlen(bin_path) - prefix_len;

	/*
	 * Set up my_exec_path without the actual executable name, and
	 * canonicalize to simplify comparison to bin_path.
	 */
	strlcpy(ret_path, my_exec_path, MAXPGPATH);
	trim_directory(ret_path);	/* remove my executable name */
	canonicalize_path(ret_path);

	/*
	 * Tail match?
	 */
	tail_start = (int) strlen(ret_path) - tail_len;
	if (tail_start > 0 &&
		IS_DIR_SEP(ret_path[tail_start - 1]) &&
		dir_strcmp(ret_path + tail_start, bin_path + prefix_len) == 0)
	{
		ret_path[tail_start] = '\0';
		trim_trailing_separator(ret_path);
		join_path_components(ret_path, ret_path, target_path + prefix_len);
		canonicalize_path(ret_path);
		return;
	}

no_match:
	strlcpy(ret_path, target_path, MAXPGPATH);
	canonicalize_path(ret_path);
}


/*
 *	get_share_path
 */
void
get_share_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, PGSHAREDIR, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}

/*
 *	get_etc_path
 */
void
get_etc_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, SYSCONFDIR, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}

/*
 *	get_include_path
 */
void
get_include_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, INCLUDEDIR, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}

/*
 *	get_pkginclude_path
 */
void
get_pkginclude_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, PKGINCLUDEDIR, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}

/*
 *	get_includeserver_path
 */
void
get_includeserver_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, INCLUDEDIRSERVER, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}

/*
 *	get_lib_path
 */
void
get_lib_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, LIBDIR, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}

/*
 *	get_pkglib_path
 */
void
get_pkglib_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, PKGLIBDIR, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}

/*
 *	get_locale_path
 */
void
get_locale_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, LOCALEDIR, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}

/*
 *	get_doc_path
 */
void
get_doc_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, DOCDIR, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}

/*
 *	get_html_path
 */
void
get_html_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, HTMLDIR, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}

/*
 *	get_man_path
 */
void
get_man_path(const char *my_exec_path, char *ret_path)
{
	make_relative_path(ret_path, MANDIR, PGBINDIR, my_exec_path);
}


/*
 *	get_home_path
 *
 * On Unix, this actually returns the user's home directory.  On Windows
 * it returns the PostgreSQL-specific application data folder.
 */
bool
get_home_path(char *ret_path)
{
#ifndef WIN32
	char		pwdbuf[BUFSIZ];
	struct passwd pwdstr;
	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;

	if (pqGetpwuid(geteuid(), &pwdstr, pwdbuf, sizeof(pwdbuf), &pwd) != 0)
		return false;
	strlcpy(ret_path, pwd->pw_dir, MAXPGPATH);
	return true;
#else
	char	   *tmppath;

	/*
	 * Note: We use getenv here because the more modern
	 * SHGetSpecialFolderPath() will force us to link with shell32.lib which
	 * eats valuable desktop heap.
	 */
	tmppath = getenv("APPDATA");
	if (!tmppath)
		return false;
	snprintf(ret_path, MAXPGPATH, "%s/postgresql", tmppath);
	return true;
#endif
}


/*
 * get_parent_directory
 *
 * Modify the given string in-place to name the parent directory of the
 * named file.
 */
void
get_parent_directory(char *path)
{
	trim_directory(path);
}


/*
 *	trim_directory
 *
 *	Trim trailing directory from path, that is, remove any trailing slashes,
 *	the last pathname component, and the slash just ahead of it --- but never
 *	remove a leading slash.
 */
static void
trim_directory(char *path)
{
	char	   *p;

	path = skip_drive(path);

	if (path[0] == '\0')
		return;

	/* back up over trailing slash(es) */
	for (p = path + strlen(path) - 1; IS_DIR_SEP(*p) && p > path; p--)
		;
	/* back up over directory name */
	for (; !IS_DIR_SEP(*p) && p > path; p--)
		;
	/* if multiple slashes before directory name, remove 'em all */
	for (; p > path && IS_DIR_SEP(*(p - 1)); p--)
		;
	/* don't erase a leading slash */
	if (p == path && IS_DIR_SEP(*p))
		p++;
	*p = '\0';
}


/*
 *	trim_trailing_separator
 *
 * trim off trailing slashes, but not a leading slash
 */
static void
trim_trailing_separator(char *path)
{
	char	   *p;

	path = skip_drive(path);
	p = path + strlen(path);
	if (p > path)
		for (p--; p > path && IS_DIR_SEP(*p); p--)
			*p = '\0';
}

/*
 * Generate a unique temporary directory name from TEMPLATE_PATH.
 * The last six characters of TEMPLATE_PATH must be "XXXXXX";
 * they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
 * Then create the directory and return the template or NULL.
 */
char *
gp_mkdtemp(char *template_path)
{
#if defined (pg_on_solaris)
	int len;
	char *suffix;
	static int64 value;
	int64 random_time_bits;
	unsigned int count;
	int save_errno = errno;
	struct timeval tv;

	/*
	 * The number of times to attempt to generate a temporary file.  To
	 * conform to POSIX, this must be no smaller than TMP_MAX.
	 */
#if defined TMP_MAX
		unsigned int mkdir_attempts = MKDTEMP_ATTEMPTS_MIN < TMP_MAX ? TMP_MAX : MKDTEMP_ATTEMPTS_MIN;
#else
		unsigned int mkdir_attempts = MKDTEMP_ATTEMPTS_MIN;
#endif

	len = strlen (template_path);
	if (len < 6 || strcmp (&template_path[len - 6], "XXXXXX"))
	{
		__set_errno (EINVAL);
		return NULL;
	}

	/* This is where the Xs start.  */
	suffix = &template_path[len - 6];

	/* Get some more or less random data.  */
	gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
	random_time_bits = ((int64) tv.tv_usec << 16) ^ tv.tv_sec;
	value += random_time_bits ^ getpid();

	for (count = 0; count < mkdir_attempts; value += 7777, ++count)
	{
		int64 v = value;

		/* Fill in the random bits.  */
		suffix[0] = letters[v % 62];
		v /= 62;
		suffix[1] = letters[v % 62];
		v /= 62;
		suffix[2] = letters[v % 62];
		v /= 62;
		suffix[3] = letters[v % 62];
		v /= 62;
		suffix[4] = letters[v % 62];
		v /= 62;
		suffix[5] = letters[v % 62];

		if (mkdir(template_path, 0700) == 0)
		{
			__set_errno (save_errno);
			return template_path;
		}
		else
		{
			if (errno != EEXIST)
			{
				return NULL;
			}
		}
	}

	/* We got out of the loop because we ran out of combinations to try.  */
	__set_errno (EEXIST);
	return NULL;

#elif defined (__linux__) || defined(linux) || defined(__darwin__)

	return mkdtemp(template_path);

#else

	fprintf(stderr, "mkdtemp not supported on this platform");
	exit(1);				/* This could exit the postmaster */

#endif
}