src/backend/libpq/be-secure.c

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * be-secure.c
 *	  functions related to setting up a secure connection to the frontend.
 *	  Secure connections are expected to provide confidentiality,
 *	  message integrity and endpoint authentication.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2010, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/libpq/be-secure.c,v 1.102 2010/07/06 19:18:56 momjian Exp $
 *
 *	  Since the server static private key ($DataDir/server.key)
 *	  will normally be stored unencrypted so that the database
 *	  backend can restart automatically, it is important that
 *	  we select an algorithm that continues to provide confidentiality
 *	  even if the attacker has the server's private key.  Ephemeral
 *	  DH (EDH) keys provide this, and in fact provide Perfect Forward
 *	  Secrecy (PFS) except for situations where the session can
 *	  be hijacked during a periodic handshake/renegotiation.
 *	  Even that backdoor can be closed if client certificates
 *	  are used (since the imposter will be unable to successfully
 *	  complete renegotiation).
 *
 *	  N.B., the static private key should still be protected to
 *	  the largest extent possible, to minimize the risk of
 *	  impersonations.
 *
 *	  Another benefit of EDH is that it allows the backend and
 *	  clients to use DSA keys.	DSA keys can only provide digital
 *	  signatures, not encryption, and are often acceptable in
 *	  jurisdictions where RSA keys are unacceptable.
 *
 *	  The downside to EDH is that it makes it impossible to
 *	  use ssldump(1) if there's a problem establishing an SSL
 *	  session.	In this case you'll need to temporarily disable
 *	  EDH by commenting out the callback.
 *
 *	  ...
 *
 *	  Because the risk of cryptanalysis increases as large
 *	  amounts of data are sent with the same session key, the
 *	  session keys are periodically renegotiated.
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

#include "postgres.h"

#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_TCP_H
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif

#include "miscadmin.h"

#ifdef USE_SSL
#include <openssl/ssl.h>
#include <openssl/dh.h>
#if SSLEAY_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x0907000L
#include <openssl/conf.h>
#endif
#endif   /* USE_SSL */

#include "libpq/libpq.h"
#include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"

#define ERROR_BUF_SIZE 32

#ifdef USE_SSL

#define ROOT_CERT_FILE			"root.crt"
#define ROOT_CRL_FILE			"root.crl"
#define SERVER_CERT_FILE		"server.crt"
#define SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE "server.key"

static DH  *load_dh_file(int keylength);
static DH  *load_dh_buffer(const char *, size_t);
static DH  *tmp_dh_cb(SSL *s, int is_export, int keylength);
static int	verify_cb(int, X509_STORE_CTX *);
static void info_cb(const SSL *ssl, int type, int args);
static void initialize_SSL(void);
static int	open_server_SSL(Port *);
static void close_SSL(Port *);
static const char *SSLerrmessage(void);
#endif

/*
 *	How much data can be sent across a secure connection
 *	(total in both directions) before we require renegotiation.
 *	Set to 0 to disable renegotiation completely.
 */
int			ssl_renegotiation_limit;

#ifdef USE_SSL
static SSL_CTX *SSL_context = NULL;
static bool ssl_loaded_verify_locations = false;

/* GUC variable controlling SSL cipher list */
char	   *SSLCipherSuites = NULL;
#endif

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/*						 Hardcoded values						*/
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */

/*
 *	Hardcoded DH parameters, used in ephemeral DH keying.
 *	As discussed above, EDH protects the confidentiality of
 *	sessions even if the static private key is compromised,
 *	so we are *highly* motivated to ensure that we can use
 *	EDH even if the DBA... or an attacker... deletes the
 *	$DataDir/dh*.pem files.
 *
 *	We could refuse SSL connections unless a good DH parameter
 *	file exists, but some clients may quietly renegotiate an
 *	unsecured connection without fully informing the user.
 *	Very uncool.
 *
 *	Alternatively, the backend could attempt to load these files
 *	on startup if SSL is enabled - and refuse to start if any
 *	do not exist - but this would tend to piss off DBAs.
 *
 *	If you want to create your own hardcoded DH parameters
 *	for fun and profit, review "Assigned Number for SKIP
 *	Protocols" (http://www.skip-vpn.org/spec/numbers.html)
 *	for suggestions.
 */
#ifdef USE_SSL

static const char file_dh512[] =
"-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----\n\
MEYCQQD1Kv884bEpQBgRjXyEpwpy1obEAxnIByl6ypUM2Zafq9AKUJsCRtMIPWak\n\
XUGfnHy9iUsiGSa6q6Jew1XpKgVfAgEC\n\
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----\n";

static const char file_dh1024[] =
"-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----\n\
MIGHAoGBAPSI/VhOSdvNILSd5JEHNmszbDgNRR0PfIizHHxbLY7288kjwEPwpVsY\n\
jY67VYy4XTjTNP18F1dDox0YbN4zISy1Kv884bEpQBgRjXyEpwpy1obEAxnIByl6\n\
ypUM2Zafq9AKUJsCRtMIPWakXUGfnHy9iUsiGSa6q6Jew1XpL3jHAgEC\n\
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----\n";

static const char file_dh2048[] =
"-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----\n\
MIIBCAKCAQEA9kJXtwh/CBdyorrWqULzBej5UxE5T7bxbrlLOCDaAadWoxTpj0BV\n\
89AHxstDqZSt90xkhkn4DIO9ZekX1KHTUPj1WV/cdlJPPT2N286Z4VeSWc39uK50\n\
T8X8dryDxUcwYc58yWb/Ffm7/ZFexwGq01uejaClcjrUGvC/RgBYK+X0iP1YTknb\n\
zSC0neSRBzZrM2w4DUUdD3yIsxx8Wy2O9vPJI8BD8KVbGI2Ou1WMuF040zT9fBdX\n\
Q6MdGGzeMyEstSr/POGxKUAYEY18hKcKctaGxAMZyAcpesqVDNmWn6vQClCbAkbT\n\
CD1mpF1Bn5x8vYlLIhkmuquiXsNV6TILOwIBAg==\n\
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----\n";

static const char file_dh4096[] =
"-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----\n\
MIICCAKCAgEA+hRyUsFN4VpJ1O8JLcCo/VWr19k3BCgJ4uk+d+KhehjdRqNDNyOQ\n\
l/MOyQNQfWXPeGKmOmIig6Ev/nm6Nf9Z2B1h3R4hExf+zTiHnvVPeRBhjdQi81rt\n\
Xeoh6TNrSBIKIHfUJWBh3va0TxxjQIs6IZOLeVNRLMqzeylWqMf49HsIXqbcokUS\n\
Vt1BkvLdW48j8PPv5DsKRN3tloTxqDJGo9tKvj1Fuk74A+Xda1kNhB7KFlqMyN98\n\
VETEJ6c7KpfOo30mnK30wqw3S8OtaIR/maYX72tGOno2ehFDkq3pnPtEbD2CScxc\n\
alJC+EL7RPk5c/tgeTvCngvc1KZn92Y//EI7G9tPZtylj2b56sHtMftIoYJ9+ODM\n\
sccD5Piz/rejE3Ome8EOOceUSCYAhXn8b3qvxVI1ddd1pED6FHRhFvLrZxFvBEM9\n\
ERRMp5QqOaHJkM+Dxv8Cj6MqrCbfC4u+ZErxodzuusgDgvZiLF22uxMZbobFWyte\n\
OvOzKGtwcTqO/1wV5gKkzu1ZVswVUQd5Gg8lJicwqRWyyNRczDDoG9jVDxmogKTH\n\
AaqLulO7R8Ifa1SwF2DteSGVtgWEN8gDpN3RBmmPTDngyF2DHb5qmpnznwtFKdTL\n\
KWbuHn491xNO25CQWMtem80uKw+pTnisBRF/454n1Jnhub144YRBoN8CAQI=\n\
-----END DH PARAMETERS-----\n";
#endif

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/*			 Procedures common to all secure sessions			*/
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */

/*
 *	Initialize global context
 */
int
secure_initialize(void)
{
#ifdef USE_SSL
	initialize_SSL();
#endif

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Indicate if we have loaded the root CA store to verify certificates
 */
bool
secure_loaded_verify_locations(void)
{
#ifdef USE_SSL
	return ssl_loaded_verify_locations;
#endif

	return false;
}

/*
 *	Attempt to negotiate secure session.
 */
int
secure_open_server(Port *port)
{
	int			r = 0;

#ifdef USE_SSL
	r = open_server_SSL(port);
#endif

	return r;
}

/*
 *	Close secure session.
 */
void
secure_close(Port *port)
{
#ifdef USE_SSL
	if (port->ssl)
		close_SSL(port);
#endif
}

/*
 *	Read data from a secure connection.
 */
ssize_t
secure_read(Port *port, void *ptr, size_t len)
{
	ssize_t		n;

#ifdef USE_SSL
	if (port->ssl)
	{
		int			err;

rloop:
		errno = 0;
		n = SSL_read(port->ssl, ptr, len);
		err = SSL_get_error(port->ssl, n);
		switch (err)
		{
			case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
				port->count += n;
				break;
			case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
			case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
				if (port->noblock)
				{
					errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
					n = -1;
					break;
				}
#ifdef WIN32
				pgwin32_waitforsinglesocket(SSL_get_fd(port->ssl),
											(err == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ) ?
								   FD_READ | FD_CLOSE : FD_WRITE | FD_CLOSE,
											INFINITE);
#endif
				goto rloop;
			case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
				/* leave it to caller to ereport the value of errno */
				if (n != -1)
				{
					errno = ECONNRESET;
					n = -1;
				}
				break;
			case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
				ereport(COMMERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
						 errmsg("SSL error: %s", SSLerrmessage())));
				/* fall through */
			case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
				errno = ECONNRESET;
				n = -1;
				break;
			default:
				ereport(COMMERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
						 errmsg("unrecognized SSL error code: %d",
								err)));
				n = -1;
				break;
		}
	}
	else
#endif
	{
		prepare_for_client_read();

		n = recv(port->sock, ptr, len, 0);

		client_read_ended();
	}

	return n;
}

/*
 * Report a COMMERROR.
 *
 * This function holds an interrupt before reporting this error to avoid
 * a self deadlock situation, see MPP-13718 for more info.
 */
static void __MAYBE_UNUSED
report_commerror(const char *err_msg)
{
	HOLD_INTERRUPTS();

	ereport(COMMERROR,
			(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
			 errmsg("%s",err_msg)));

	RESUME_INTERRUPTS();
}

/*
 *	Write data to a secure connection.
 */
ssize_t
secure_write(Port *port, void *ptr, size_t len)
{
	ssize_t		n;

#ifdef USE_SSL
	if (port->ssl)
	{
		int			err;

		if (ssl_renegotiation_limit && port->count > ssl_renegotiation_limit * 1024L)
		{
			SSL_set_session_id_context(port->ssl, (void *) &SSL_context,
									   sizeof(SSL_context));
			if (SSL_renegotiate(port->ssl) <= 0)
			{
				report_commerror("SSL renegotiation failure");
			}

			if (SSL_do_handshake(port->ssl) <= 0)
			{
				report_commerror("SSL renegotiation failure");
			}

			if (port->ssl->state != SSL_ST_OK)
			{
				report_commerror("SSL failed to send renegotiation request");
			}

			port->ssl->state |= SSL_ST_ACCEPT;
			SSL_do_handshake(port->ssl);
			if (port->ssl->state != SSL_ST_OK)
			{
				report_commerror("SSL renegotiation failure");
			}

			port->count = 0;
		}

wloop:
		errno = 0;
		n = SSL_write(port->ssl, ptr, len);
		err = SSL_get_error(port->ssl, n);

		const int ERR_MSG_LEN = ERROR_BUF_SIZE + 20;
		char err_msg[ERR_MSG_LEN];

		switch (err)
		{
			case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
				port->count += n;
				break;
			case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
			case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
#ifdef WIN32
				pgwin32_waitforsinglesocket(SSL_get_fd(port->ssl),
											(err == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ) ?
								   FD_READ | FD_CLOSE : FD_WRITE | FD_CLOSE,
											INFINITE);
#endif
				goto wloop;
			case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
				/* leave it to caller to ereport the value of errno */
				if (n != -1)
				{
					errno = ECONNRESET;
					n = -1;
				}
				break;
			case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
				snprintf((char *)&err_msg, ERR_MSG_LEN, "SSL error: %s", SSLerrmessage());
				report_commerror(err_msg);
				/* fall through */
			case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
				errno = ECONNRESET;
				n = -1;
				break;
			default:
				snprintf((char *)&err_msg, ERR_MSG_LEN, "unrecognized SSL error code: %d", err);
				report_commerror(err_msg);

				n = -1;
				break;
		}
	}
	else
#endif
	{
		prepare_for_client_write();
		n = send(port->sock, ptr, len, 0);
		client_write_ended();
	}

	return n;
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/*						  SSL specific code						*/
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
#ifdef USE_SSL

/*
 * Private substitute BIO: this does the sending and receiving using send() and
 * recv() instead. This is so that we can enable and disable interrupts
 * just while calling recv(). We cannot have interrupts occurring while
 * the bulk of openssl runs, because it uses malloc() and possibly other
 * non-reentrant libc facilities. We also need to call send() and recv()
 * directly so it gets passed through the socket/signals layer on Win32.
 *
 * They are closely modelled on the original socket implementations in OpenSSL.
 */

static bool my_bio_initialized = false;
static BIO_METHOD my_bio_methods;

static int
my_sock_read(BIO *h, char *buf, int size)
{
	int			res = 0;

	prepare_for_client_read();

 	if (buf != NULL)
	{
		res = recv(h->num, buf, size, 0);
		BIO_clear_retry_flags(h);
		if (res <= 0)
		{
			/* If we were interrupted, tell caller to retry */
			if (errno == EINTR)
			{
				BIO_set_retry_read(h);
			}
		}
	}

	client_read_ended();

	return res;
}

static int
my_sock_write(BIO *h, const char *buf, int size)
{
	int			res = 0;

	prepare_for_client_write();

	res = send(h->num, buf, size, 0);
	if (res <= 0)
	{
		if (errno == EINTR)
		{
			BIO_set_retry_write(h);
		}
	}

	client_write_ended();

	return res;
}

static BIO_METHOD *
my_BIO_s_socket(void)
{
	if (!my_bio_initialized)
	{
		memcpy(&my_bio_methods, BIO_s_socket(), sizeof(BIO_METHOD));
		my_bio_methods.bread = my_sock_read;
		my_bio_methods.bwrite = my_sock_write;
		my_bio_initialized = true;
	}
	return &my_bio_methods;
}

/* This should exactly match openssl's SSL_set_fd except for using my BIO */
static int
my_SSL_set_fd(SSL *s, int fd)
{
	int			ret = 0;
	BIO		   *bio = NULL;

	bio = BIO_new(my_BIO_s_socket());

	if (bio == NULL)
	{
		SSLerr(SSL_F_SSL_SET_FD, ERR_R_BUF_LIB);
		goto err;
	}
	BIO_set_fd(bio, fd, BIO_NOCLOSE);
	SSL_set_bio(s, bio, bio);
	ret = 1;
err:
	return ret;
}

/*
 *	Load precomputed DH parameters.
 *
 *	To prevent "downgrade" attacks, we perform a number of checks
 *	to verify that the DBA-generated DH parameters file contains
 *	what we expect it to contain.
 */
static DH  *
load_dh_file(int keylength)
{
	FILE	   *fp;
	char		fnbuf[MAXPGPATH];
	DH		   *dh = NULL;
	int			codes;

	/* attempt to open file.  It's not an error if it doesn't exist. */
	snprintf(fnbuf, sizeof(fnbuf), "dh%d.pem", keylength);
	if ((fp = fopen(fnbuf, "r")) == NULL)
		return NULL;

/*	flock(fileno(fp), LOCK_SH); */
	dh = PEM_read_DHparams(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL);
/*	flock(fileno(fp), LOCK_UN); */
	fclose(fp);

	/* is the prime the correct size? */
	if (dh != NULL && 8 * DH_size(dh) < keylength)
	{
		elog(LOG, "DH errors (%s): %d bits expected, %d bits found",
			 fnbuf, keylength, 8 * DH_size(dh));
		dh = NULL;
	}

	/* make sure the DH parameters are usable */
	if (dh != NULL)
	{
		if (DH_check(dh, &codes) == 0)
		{
			elog(LOG, "DH_check error (%s): %s", fnbuf, SSLerrmessage());
			return NULL;
		}
		if (codes & DH_CHECK_P_NOT_PRIME)
		{
			elog(LOG, "DH error (%s): p is not prime", fnbuf);
			return NULL;
		}
		if ((codes & DH_NOT_SUITABLE_GENERATOR) &&
			(codes & DH_CHECK_P_NOT_SAFE_PRIME))
		{
			elog(LOG,
				 "DH error (%s): neither suitable generator or safe prime",
				 fnbuf);
			return NULL;
		}
	}

	return dh;
}

/*
 *	Load hardcoded DH parameters.
 *
 *	To prevent problems if the DH parameters files don't even
 *	exist, we can load DH parameters hardcoded into this file.
 */
static DH  *
load_dh_buffer(const char *buffer, size_t len)
{
	BIO		   *bio;
	DH		   *dh = NULL;

	bio = BIO_new_mem_buf((char *) buffer, len);
	if (bio == NULL)
		return NULL;
	dh = PEM_read_bio_DHparams(bio, NULL, NULL, NULL);
	if (dh == NULL)
		ereport(DEBUG2,
				(errmsg_internal("DH load buffer: %s",
								 SSLerrmessage())));
	BIO_free(bio);

	return dh;
}

/*
 *	Generate an ephemeral DH key.  Because this can take a long
 *	time to compute, we can use precomputed parameters of the
 *	common key sizes.
 *
 *	Since few sites will bother to precompute these parameter
 *	files, we also provide a fallback to the parameters provided
 *	by the OpenSSL project.
 *
 *	These values can be static (once loaded or computed) since
 *	the OpenSSL library can efficiently generate random keys from
 *	the information provided.
 */
static DH  *
tmp_dh_cb(SSL *s, int is_export, int keylength)
{
	DH		   *r = NULL;
	static DH  *dh = NULL;
	static DH  *dh512 = NULL;
	static DH  *dh1024 = NULL;
	static DH  *dh2048 = NULL;
	static DH  *dh4096 = NULL;

	switch (keylength)
	{
		case 512:
			if (dh512 == NULL)
				dh512 = load_dh_file(keylength);
			if (dh512 == NULL)
				dh512 = load_dh_buffer(file_dh512, sizeof file_dh512);
			r = dh512;
			break;

		case 1024:
			if (dh1024 == NULL)
				dh1024 = load_dh_file(keylength);
			if (dh1024 == NULL)
				dh1024 = load_dh_buffer(file_dh1024, sizeof file_dh1024);
			r = dh1024;
			break;

		case 2048:
			if (dh2048 == NULL)
				dh2048 = load_dh_file(keylength);
			if (dh2048 == NULL)
				dh2048 = load_dh_buffer(file_dh2048, sizeof file_dh2048);
			r = dh2048;
			break;

		case 4096:
			if (dh4096 == NULL)
				dh4096 = load_dh_file(keylength);
			if (dh4096 == NULL)
				dh4096 = load_dh_buffer(file_dh4096, sizeof file_dh4096);
			r = dh4096;
			break;

		default:
			if (dh == NULL)
				dh = load_dh_file(keylength);
			r = dh;
	}

	/* this may take a long time, but it may be necessary... */
	if (r == NULL || 8 * DH_size(r) < keylength)
	{
		ereport(DEBUG2,
				(errmsg_internal("DH: generating parameters (%d bits)....",
								 keylength)));
		r = DH_generate_parameters(keylength, DH_GENERATOR_2, NULL, NULL);
	}

	return r;
}

/*
 *	Certificate verification callback
 *
 *	This callback allows us to log intermediate problems during
 *	verification, but for now we'll see if the final error message
 *	contains enough information.
 *
 *	This callback also allows us to override the default acceptance
 *	criteria (e.g., accepting self-signed or expired certs), but
 *	for now we accept the default checks.
 */
static int
verify_cb(int ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
{
	return ok;
}

/*
 *	This callback is used to copy SSL information messages
 *	into the PostgreSQL log.
 */
static void
info_cb(const SSL *ssl, int type, int args)
{
	switch (type)
	{
		case SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START:
			ereport(DEBUG4,
					(errmsg_internal("SSL: handshake start")));
			break;
		case SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_DONE:
			ereport(DEBUG4,
					(errmsg_internal("SSL: handshake done")));
			break;
		case SSL_CB_ACCEPT_LOOP:
			ereport(DEBUG4,
					(errmsg_internal("SSL: accept loop")));
			break;
		case SSL_CB_ACCEPT_EXIT:
			ereport(DEBUG4,
					(errmsg_internal("SSL: accept exit (%d)", args)));
			break;
		case SSL_CB_CONNECT_LOOP:
			ereport(DEBUG4,
					(errmsg_internal("SSL: connect loop")));
			break;
		case SSL_CB_CONNECT_EXIT:
			ereport(DEBUG4,
					(errmsg_internal("SSL: connect exit (%d)", args)));
			break;
		case SSL_CB_READ_ALERT:
			ereport(DEBUG4,
					(errmsg_internal("SSL: read alert (0x%04x)", args)));
			break;
		case SSL_CB_WRITE_ALERT:
			ereport(DEBUG4,
					(errmsg_internal("SSL: write alert (0x%04x)", args)));
			break;
	}
}

/*
 *	Initialize global SSL context.
 */
static void
initialize_SSL(void)
{
	struct stat buf;

	STACK_OF(X509_NAME) *root_cert_list = NULL;

	if (!SSL_context)
	{
#if SSLEAY_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x0907000L
		OPENSSL_config(NULL);
#endif
		SSL_library_init();
		SSL_load_error_strings();
		SSL_context = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_method());
		if (!SSL_context)
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errmsg("could not create SSL context: %s",
							SSLerrmessage())));

		/*
		 * Load and verify server's certificate and private key
		 */
		if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(SSL_context,
										  SERVER_CERT_FILE) != 1)
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
				  errmsg("could not load server certificate file \"%s\": %s",
						 SERVER_CERT_FILE, SSLerrmessage())));

		if (stat(SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE, &buf) != 0)
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errcode_for_file_access(),
					 errmsg("could not access private key file \"%s\": %m",
							SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE)));

		/*
		 * Require no public access to key file.
		 *
		 * XXX temporarily suppress check when on Windows, because there may
		 * not be proper support for Unix-y file permissions.  Need to think
		 * of a reasonable check to apply on Windows.  (See also the data
		 * directory permission check in postmaster.c)
		 */
#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
		if (!S_ISREG(buf.st_mode) || buf.st_mode & (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO))
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
					 errmsg("private key file \"%s\" has group or world access",
							SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE),
					 errdetail("Permissions should be u=rw (0600) or less.")));
#endif

		if (SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(SSL_context,
										 SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE,
										 SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1)
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errmsg("could not load private key file \"%s\": %s",
							SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE, SSLerrmessage())));

		if (SSL_CTX_check_private_key(SSL_context) != 1)
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errmsg("check of private key failed: %s",
							SSLerrmessage())));
	}

	/* set up ephemeral DH keys, and disallow SSL v2 while at it */
	SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback(SSL_context, tmp_dh_cb);
	SSL_CTX_set_options(SSL_context, SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2);

	/* setup the allowed cipher list */
	if (SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(SSL_context, SSLCipherSuites) != 1)
		elog(FATAL, "could not set the cipher list (no valid ciphers available)");

	/*
	 * Attempt to load CA store, so we can verify client certificates if
	 * needed.
	 */
		ssl_loaded_verify_locations = false;

	if (access(ROOT_CERT_FILE, R_OK) != 0)
	{
		/*
		 * If root certificate file simply not found, don't log an error here,
		 * because it's quite likely the user isn't planning on using client
		 * certificates. If we can't access it for other reasons, it is an
		 * error.
	 */
		if (errno != ENOENT)
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errmsg("could not access root certificate file \"%s\": %m",
							ROOT_CERT_FILE)));
		}
	else if (SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(SSL_context, ROOT_CERT_FILE, NULL) != 1 ||
		  (root_cert_list = SSL_load_client_CA_file(ROOT_CERT_FILE)) == NULL)
	{
		/*
		 * File was there, but we could not load it. This means the file is
		 * somehow broken, and we cannot do verification at all - so fail.
		 */
		ereport(FATAL,
				(errmsg("could not load root certificate file \"%s\": %s",
						ROOT_CERT_FILE, SSLerrmessage())));
	}
	else
	{
		/*----------
		 * Load the Certificate Revocation List (CRL) if file exists.
		 * http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci803160,
		 *----------
		 */
		X509_STORE *cvstore = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(SSL_context);

		if (cvstore)
		{
			/* Set the flags to check against the complete CRL chain */
			if (X509_STORE_load_locations(cvstore, ROOT_CRL_FILE, NULL) == 1)
			{
/* OpenSSL 0.96 does not support X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK */
#ifdef X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK
				X509_STORE_set_flags(cvstore,
						  X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK | X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL);
#else
				ereport(LOG,
						(errmsg("SSL certificate revocation list file \"%s\" ignored",
								ROOT_CRL_FILE),
				  errdetail("SSL library does not support certificate revocation lists.")));
#endif
			}
			else
			{
				/* Not fatal - we do not require CRL */
				ereport(LOG,
						(errmsg("SSL certificate revocation list file \"%s\" not found, skipping: %s",
								ROOT_CRL_FILE, SSLerrmessage()),
					 errdetail("Certificates will not be checked against revocation list.")));
		}

			/*
			 * Always ask for SSL client cert, but don't fail if it's not
			 * presented.  We might fail such connections later, depending on
			 * what we find in pg_hba.conf.
			 */
		SSL_CTX_set_verify(SSL_context,
						   (SSL_VERIFY_PEER |
							SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE),
						   verify_cb);

			/* Set flag to remember CA store is successfully loaded */
			ssl_loaded_verify_locations = true;
		}

		/*
		 * Tell OpenSSL to send the list of root certs we trust to clients in
		 * CertificateRequests.  This lets a client with a keystore select the
		 * appropriate client certificate to send to us.
		 */
		SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list(SSL_context, root_cert_list);
	}
}

/*
 *	Attempt to negotiate SSL connection.
 */
static int
open_server_SSL(Port *port)
{
	int			r;
	int			err;

	Assert(!port->ssl);
	Assert(!port->peer);

	if (!(port->ssl = SSL_new(SSL_context)))
	{
		ereport(COMMERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
				 errmsg("could not initialize SSL connection: %s",
						SSLerrmessage())));
		close_SSL(port);
		return -1;
	}
	if (!my_SSL_set_fd(port->ssl, port->sock))
	{
		ereport(COMMERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
				 errmsg("could not set SSL socket: %s",
						SSLerrmessage())));
		close_SSL(port);
		return -1;
	}

aloop:
	r = SSL_accept(port->ssl);
	if (r <= 0)
	{
		err = SSL_get_error(port->ssl, r);
		switch (err)
		{
			case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
			case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
#ifdef WIN32
				pgwin32_waitforsinglesocket(SSL_get_fd(port->ssl),
											(err == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ) ?
					   FD_READ | FD_CLOSE | FD_ACCEPT : FD_WRITE | FD_CLOSE,
											INFINITE);
#endif
				goto aloop;
			case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
				if (r < 0)
					ereport(COMMERROR,
							(errcode_for_socket_access(),
							 errmsg("could not accept SSL connection: %m")));
				else
					ereport(COMMERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
					errmsg("could not accept SSL connection: EOF detected")));
				break;
			case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
				ereport(COMMERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
						 errmsg("could not accept SSL connection: %s",
								SSLerrmessage())));
				break;
			case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
				ereport(COMMERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
				   errmsg("could not accept SSL connection: EOF detected")));
				break;
			default:
				ereport(COMMERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
						 errmsg("unrecognized SSL error code: %d",
								err)));
				break;
		}
		close_SSL(port);
		return -1;
	}

	port->count = 0;

	/* Get client certificate, if available. */
	port->peer = SSL_get_peer_certificate(port->ssl);

	/* and extract the Common Name from it. */
	port->peer_cn = NULL;
	if (port->peer != NULL)
	{
		int len;

		len = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(X509_get_subject_name(port->peer),
						NID_commonName, NULL, 0);

		if (len != -1)
		{
			char *peer_cn;

			peer_cn = MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, len + 1);
			r = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(X509_get_subject_name(port->peer),
						      NID_commonName, peer_cn, len+1);

			peer_cn[len] = '\0';
			if (r != len)
			{
				/* shouldn't happen */
				pfree(peer_cn);
				close_SSL(port);
				return -1; 
			}

			/*
			 * Reject embedded NULLs in certificate common name to prevent
			 * attacks like CVE-2009-4034.
			 */
			if (len != strlen(peer_cn))
			{
				ereport(COMMERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
					errmsg("SSL certificate's common name contains embedded null")));
				pfree(peer_cn);
				close_SSL(port);
				return -1;
			}

			port->peer_cn = peer_cn;
		}
	}

	ereport(DEBUG2,
			(errmsg("SSL connection from \"%s\"", 
				port->peer_cn ? port->peer_cn : "(anonymous)")));

	/* set up debugging/info callback */
	SSL_CTX_set_info_callback(SSL_context, info_cb);

	return 0;
}

/*
 *	Close SSL connection.
 */
static void
close_SSL(Port *port)
{
	if (port->ssl)
	{
		SSL_shutdown(port->ssl);
		SSL_free(port->ssl);
		port->ssl = NULL;
	}

	if (port->peer)
	{
		X509_free(port->peer);
		port->peer = NULL;
	}

	if (port->peer_cn)
	{
		pfree(port->peer_cn);
		port->peer_cn = NULL;
	}
}

/*
 * Obtain reason string for last SSL error
 *
 * Some caution is needed here since ERR_reason_error_string will
 * return NULL if it doesn't recognize the error code.  We don't
 * want to return NULL ever.
 */
static const char *
SSLerrmessage(void)
{
	unsigned long errcode;
	const char *errreason;
	static char errbuf[ERROR_BUF_SIZE];

	errcode = ERR_get_error();
	if (errcode == 0)
		return _("no SSL error reported");
	errreason = ERR_reason_error_string(errcode);
	if (errreason != NULL)
		return errreason;
	snprintf(errbuf, ERROR_BUF_SIZE, _("SSL error code %lu"), errcode);
	return errbuf;
}

#endif   /* USE_SSL */