src/include/c.h

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * c.h
 *	  Fundamental C definitions.  This is included by every .c file in
 *	  PostgreSQL (via either postgres.h or postgres_fe.h, as appropriate).
 *
 *	  Note that the definitions here are not intended to be exposed to clients
 *	  of the frontend interface libraries --- so we don't worry much about
 *	  polluting the namespace with lots of stuff...
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 2006-2011, Greenplum inc
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2011, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * src/include/c.h
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
/*
 *----------------------------------------------------------------
 *	 TABLE OF CONTENTS
 *
 *		When adding stuff to this file, please try to put stuff
 *		into the relevant section, or add new sections as appropriate.
 *
 *	  section	description
 *	  -------	------------------------------------------------
 *		0)		pg_config.h and standard system headers
 *		1)		hacks to cope with non-ANSI C compilers
 *		2)		bool, true, false, TRUE, FALSE, NULL
 *		3)		standard system types
 *		4)		IsValid macros for system types
 *		5)		offsetof, lengthof, endof, alignment
 *		6)		widely useful macros
 *		7)		random stuff
 *		8)		system-specific hacks
 *
 * NOTE: since this file is included by both frontend and backend modules, it's
 * almost certainly wrong to put an "extern" declaration here.	typedefs and
 * macros are the kind of thing that might go here.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef C_H
#define C_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/*
 * We have to include stdlib.h here because it defines many of these macros
 * on some platforms, and we only want our definitions used if stdlib.h doesn't
 * have its own.  The same goes for stddef and stdarg if present.
 */

#include "pg_config.h"
#include "pg_config_manual.h"	/* must be after pg_config.h */
#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)		/* win32 will include further
												 * down */
#include "pg_config_os.h"		/* must be before any system header files */
#endif
#include "postgres_ext.h"

#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 || defined(WIN64)
#define errcode __msvc_errcode
#include <crtdefs.h>
#undef errcode
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
#include <strings.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
#include <stdint.h>
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <errno.h>
#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
#include <fcntl.h>				/* ensure O_BINARY is available */
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SUPPORTDEFS_H
#include <SupportDefs.h>
#endif

#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
/* We have to redefine some system functions after they are included above. */
#include "pg_config_os.h"
#endif

/* Must be before gettext() games below */
#include <locale.h>

#define _(x) gettext(x)

#ifdef ENABLE_NLS
#include <libintl.h>
#else
#define gettext(x) (x)
#define dgettext(d,x) (x)
#define ngettext(s,p,n) ((n) == 1 ? (s) : (p))
#define dngettext(d,s,p,n) ((n) == 1 ? (s) : (p))
#endif

/*
 *	Use this to mark string constants as needing translation at some later
 *	time, rather than immediately.	This is useful for cases where you need
 *	access to the original string and translated string, and for cases where
 *	immediate translation is not possible, like when initializing global
 *	variables.
 *		http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/gettext/Special-cases.html
 */
#define gettext_noop(x) (x)


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				Section 1: hacks to cope with non-ANSI C compilers
 *
 * type prefixes (const, signed, volatile, inline) are handled in pg_config.h.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/*
 * CppAsString
 *		Convert the argument to a string, using the C preprocessor.
 * CppConcat
 *		Concatenate two arguments together, using the C preprocessor.
 *
 * Note: the standard Autoconf macro AC_C_STRINGIZE actually only checks
 * whether #identifier works, but if we have that we likely have ## too.
 */
#if defined(HAVE_STRINGIZE)

#define CppAsString(identifier) #identifier
#define CppConcat(x, y)			x##y
#else							/* !HAVE_STRINGIZE */

#define CppAsString(identifier) "identifier"

/*
 * CppIdentity -- On Reiser based cpp's this is used to concatenate
 *		two tokens.  That is
 *				CppIdentity(A)B ==> AB
 *		We renamed it to _private_CppIdentity because it should not
 *		be referenced outside this file.  On other cpp's it
 *		produces  A  B.
 */
#define _priv_CppIdentity(x)x
#define CppConcat(x, y)			_priv_CppIdentity(x)y
#endif   /* !HAVE_STRINGIZE */

/*
 * dummyret is used to set return values in macros that use ?: to make
 * assignments.  gcc wants these to be void, other compilers like char
 */
#ifdef __GNUC__					/* GNU cc */
#define dummyret	void
#else
#define dummyret	char
#endif

#ifndef __GNUC__
#define __attribute__(_arg_)
#endif

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				Section 2:	bool, true, false, TRUE, FALSE, NULL
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/*
 * bool
 *		Boolean value, either true or false.
 *
 * XXX for C++ compilers, we assume the compiler has a compatible
 * built-in definition of bool.
 */

#ifndef __cplusplus

#ifndef bool
typedef char bool;
#endif

#ifndef true
#define true	((bool) 1)
#endif

#ifndef false
#define false	((bool) 0)
#endif
#endif   /* not C++ */

typedef bool *BoolPtr;

#ifndef TRUE
#define TRUE	1
#endif

#ifndef FALSE
#define FALSE	0
#endif

/*
 * NULL
 *		Null pointer.
 */
#ifndef NULL
#define NULL	((void *) 0)
#endif


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				Section 3:	standard system types
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/*
 * Pointer
 *		Variable holding address of any memory resident object.
 *
 *		XXX Pointer arithmetic is done with this, so it can't be void *
 *		under "true" ANSI compilers.
 */
typedef char *Pointer;

/*
 * intN
 *		Signed integer, EXACTLY N BITS IN SIZE,
 *		used for numerical computations and the
 *		frontend/backend protocol.
 */
#ifndef HAVE_INT8
typedef signed char int8;		/* == 8 bits */
typedef signed short int16;		/* == 16 bits */
typedef signed int int32;		/* == 32 bits */
#endif   /* not HAVE_INT8 */

/*
 * uintN
 *		Unsigned integer, EXACTLY N BITS IN SIZE,
 *		used for numerical computations and the
 *		frontend/backend protocol.
 */
#ifndef HAVE_UINT8
typedef unsigned char uint8;	/* == 8 bits */
typedef unsigned short uint16;	/* == 16 bits */
typedef unsigned int uint32;	/* == 32 bits */
#endif   /* not HAVE_UINT8 */

/*
 * bitsN
 *		Unit of bitwise operation, AT LEAST N BITS IN SIZE.
 */
typedef uint8 bits8;			/* >= 8 bits */
typedef uint16 bits16;			/* >= 16 bits */
typedef uint32 bits32;			/* >= 32 bits */

/*
 * 64-bit integers
 */
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_INT_64
/* Plain "long int" fits, use it */

#ifndef HAVE_INT64
typedef long int int64;
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_UINT64
typedef unsigned long int uint64;
#endif
#elif defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64)
/* We have working support for "long long int", use that */

#ifndef HAVE_INT64
typedef long long int int64;
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_UINT64
typedef unsigned long long int uint64;
#endif
#else
/* neither HAVE_LONG_INT_64 nor HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64 */
#error must have a working 64-bit integer datatype
#endif

/* Decide if we need to decorate 64-bit constants */
#ifdef HAVE_LL_CONSTANTS
#define INT64CONST(x)  ((int64) x##LL)
#define UINT64CONST(x) ((uint64) x##ULL)
#else
#define INT64CONST(x)  ((int64) x)
#define UINT64CONST(x) ((uint64) x)
#endif


/* Select timestamp representation (float8 or int64) */
#ifdef USE_INTEGER_DATETIMES
#define HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
#endif

/* sig_atomic_t is required by ANSI C, but may be missing on old platforms */
#ifndef HAVE_SIG_ATOMIC_T
typedef int sig_atomic_t;
#endif

/*
 * Size
 *		Size of any memory resident object, as returned by sizeof.
 */
typedef size_t Size;

/*
 * Index
 *		Index into any memory resident array.
 *
 * Note:
 *		Indices are non negative.
 */
typedef unsigned int Index;

/*
 * Offset
 *		Offset into any memory resident array.
 *
 * Note:
 *		This differs from an Index in that an Index is always
 *		non negative, whereas Offset may be negative.
 */
typedef signed int Offset;

/*
 * Common Postgres datatype names (as used in the catalogs)
 */
typedef int16 int2;
typedef int32 int4;
typedef float float4;
typedef double float8;

/*
 * Oid, RegProcedure, TransactionId, SubTransactionId, MultiXactId,
 * CommandId
 */

/* typedef Oid is in postgres_ext.h */

/*
 * regproc is the type name used in the include/catalog headers, but
 * RegProcedure is the preferred name in C code.
 */
typedef Oid regproc;
typedef regproc RegProcedure;

typedef uint32 TransactionId;

typedef uint32 LocalTransactionId;

typedef uint32 SubTransactionId;

#define InvalidSubTransactionId		((SubTransactionId) 0)
#define TopSubTransactionId			((SubTransactionId) 1)

/* MultiXactId must be equivalent to TransactionId, to fit in t_xmax */
typedef TransactionId MultiXactId;

typedef uint32 MultiXactOffset;

typedef uint32 DistributedTransactionTimeStamp;

typedef int32 DistributedSnapshotId;

typedef uint32 DistributedTransactionId;
#define InvalidDistributedTransactionId	((DistributedTransactionId) 0)
#define FirstDistributedTransactionId	((DistributedTransactionId) 1)
#define LastDistributedTransactionId	((DistributedTransactionId) 0xffffffff)

/*
 * A 10 digit timestamp, a dash, a 10 digit distributed transaction id, and NUL.
 */
#define TMGIDSIZE 22

/*
 * Used 21 spaces + NUL for a blank 22 character TMGIDSIZE GID.
 */
#define TmGid_Init "                     "
//                  123456789012345678901

typedef uint32 CommandId;

typedef int32  gpsegmentId;        /* CDB: type of gp_segment_id system col */

#define FirstCommandId	((CommandId) 0)

/*
 * Array indexing support
 */
#define MAXDIM 6
typedef struct
{
	int			indx[MAXDIM];
} IntArray;

/* ----------------
 *		Variable-length datatypes all share the 'struct varlena' header.
 *
 * NOTE: for TOASTable types, this is an oversimplification, since the value
 * may be compressed or moved out-of-line.	However datatype-specific routines
 * are mostly content to deal with de-TOASTed values only, and of course
 * client-side routines should never see a TOASTed value.  But even in a
 * de-TOASTed value, beware of touching vl_len_ directly, as its representation
 * is no longer convenient.  It's recommended that code always use the VARDATA,
 * VARSIZE, and SET_VARSIZE macros instead of relying on direct mentions of
 * the struct fields.  See postgres.h for details of the TOASTed form.
 * ----------------
 */
struct varlena
{
	char		vl_len_[4];		/* Do not touch this field directly! */
	char		vl_dat[1];
};

#define VARHDRSZ		((int32) sizeof(int32))

/*
 * These widely-used datatypes are just a varlena header and the data bytes.
 * There is no terminating null or anything like that --- the data length is
 * always VARSIZE(ptr) - VARHDRSZ.
 */
typedef struct varlena bytea;
typedef struct varlena text;
typedef struct varlena BpChar;	/* blank-padded char, ie SQL char(n) */
typedef struct varlena VarChar; /* var-length char, ie SQL varchar(n) */

/*
 * Specialized array types.  These are physically laid out just the same
 * as regular arrays (so that the regular array subscripting code works
 * with them).	They exist as distinct types mostly for historical reasons:
 * they have nonstandard I/O behavior which we don't want to change for fear
 * of breaking applications that look at the system catalogs.  There is also
 * an implementation issue for oidvector: it's part of the primary key for
 * pg_proc, and we can't use the normal btree array support routines for that
 * without circularity.
 */
typedef struct
{
	int32		vl_len_;		/* these fields must match ArrayType! */
	int			ndim;			/* always 1 for int2vector */
	int32		dataoffset;		/* always 0 for int2vector */
	Oid			elemtype;
	int			dim1;
	int			lbound1;
	int2		values[1];		/* VARIABLE LENGTH ARRAY */
} int2vector;					/* VARIABLE LENGTH STRUCT */
#define Int2VectorSize(n)	(offsetof(int2vector, values) + (n) * sizeof(int2))

typedef struct
{
	int32		vl_len_;		/* these fields must match ArrayType! */
	int			ndim;			/* always 1 for oidvector */
	int32		dataoffset;		/* always 0 for oidvector */
	Oid			elemtype;
	int			dim1;
	int			lbound1;
	Oid			values[1];		/* VARIABLE LENGTH ARRAY */
} oidvector;					/* VARIABLE LENGTH STRUCT */

/*
 * Representation of a Name: effectively just a C string, but null-padded to
 * exactly NAMEDATALEN bytes.  The use of a struct is historical.
 */
typedef struct nameData
{
	char		data[NAMEDATALEN];
} NameData;
typedef NameData *Name;

#define NameStr(name)	((name).data)

/*
 * Support macros for escaping strings.  escape_backslash should be TRUE
 * if generating a non-standard-conforming string.	Prefixing a string
 * with ESCAPE_STRING_SYNTAX guarantees it is non-standard-conforming.
 * Beware of multiple evaluation of the "ch" argument!
 */
#define SQL_STR_DOUBLE(ch, escape_backslash)	\
	((ch) == '\'' || ((ch) == '\\' && (escape_backslash)))

#define ESCAPE_STRING_SYNTAX	'E'

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				Section 4:	IsValid macros for system types
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
/*
 * BoolIsValid
 *		True iff bool is valid.
 */
#define BoolIsValid(boolean)	((boolean) == false || (boolean) == true)

/*
 * PointerIsValid
 *		True iff pointer is valid.
 */
#define PointerIsValid(pointer) ((void*)(pointer) != NULL)

/*
 * PointerIsAligned
 *		True iff pointer is properly aligned to point to the given type.
 */
#define PointerIsAligned(pointer, type) \
		(((intptr_t)(pointer) % (sizeof (type))) == 0)

#define OidIsValid(objectId)  ((bool) ((objectId) != InvalidOid))

#define RegProcedureIsValid(p)	OidIsValid(p)


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				Section 5:	offsetof, lengthof, endof, alignment
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
/*
 * offsetof
 *		Offset of a structure/union field within that structure/union.
 *
 *		XXX This is supposed to be part of stddef.h, but isn't on
 *		some systems (like SunOS 4).
 */
#ifndef offsetof
#define offsetof(type, field)	((long) &((type *)0)->field)
#endif   /* offsetof */

/*
 * lengthof
 *		Number of elements in an array.
 */
#define lengthof(array) (sizeof (array) / sizeof ((array)[0]))

/*
 * endof
 *		Address of the element one past the last in an array.
 */
#define endof(array)	(&(array)[lengthof(array)])

/*
 * SIZEOF_FIELD
 *		Size of a field within a structure/union.
 */
#define SIZEOF_FIELD(type, field)   (sizeof(((type *)0)->field))

/*
 * Sizing variably-sized structures
 *
 * In a struct whose last field is an array of variable size, what is the
 * greatest number of elements such that the structure fits in a given
 * number of bytes?  How much memory should be allocated for the structure?
 *
 * The variably-sized field should be declared as an array of at least one 
 * element, e.g.
 *      struct s { int hdr; int vararray[1]; };
 *
 * Number of elements to make the structure fit in 256 bytes:
 *      #define s_vararray_length (VARELEMENTS_TO_FIT(256, s, vararray))
 *
 * Number of bytes to allocate for the structure, assuming the number of
 * elements in the variably-sized array is 's_vararray_length':
 *      #define sizeof_s (SIZEOF_VARSTRUCT(s_vararray_length, s, vararray))
 */
#define VARELEMENTS_TO_FIT(sizewanted, structure, vararray) \
            ( (sizewanted - offsetof(structure, vararray)) \
                / SIZEOF_FIELD(structure, vararray[0]) )
#define SIZEOF_VARSTRUCT(numberofelements, structure, vararray) \
            ( offsetof(structure, vararray) \
                + (numberofelements) * SIZEOF_FIELD(structure, vararray[0]) )


/* ----------------
 * Alignment macros: align a length or address appropriately for a given type.
 * The fooALIGN() macros round up to a multiple of the required alignment,
 * while the fooALIGN_DOWN() macros round down.  The latter are more useful
 * for problems like "how many X-sized structures will fit in a page?".
 *
 * NOTE: TYPEALIGN[_DOWN] will not work if ALIGNVAL is not a power of 2.
 * That case seems extremely unlikely to be needed in practice, however.
 * ----------------
 */

#define TYPEALIGN(ALIGNVAL,LEN)  \
	(((intptr_t) (LEN) + ((ALIGNVAL) - 1)) & ~((intptr_t) ((ALIGNVAL) - 1)))

#define SHORTALIGN(LEN)			TYPEALIGN(ALIGNOF_SHORT, (LEN))
#define INTALIGN(LEN)			TYPEALIGN(ALIGNOF_INT, (LEN))
#define LONGALIGN(LEN)			TYPEALIGN(ALIGNOF_LONG, (LEN))
#define DOUBLEALIGN(LEN)		TYPEALIGN(ALIGNOF_DOUBLE, (LEN))
#define MAXALIGN(LEN)			TYPEALIGN(MAXIMUM_ALIGNOF, (LEN))
/* MAXALIGN covers only built-in types, not buffers */
#define BUFFERALIGN(LEN)		TYPEALIGN(ALIGNOF_BUFFER, (LEN))

#define TYPEALIGN_DOWN(ALIGNVAL,LEN)  \
	(((intptr_t) (LEN)) & ~((intptr_t) ((ALIGNVAL) - 1)))

#define SHORTALIGN_DOWN(LEN)	TYPEALIGN_DOWN(ALIGNOF_SHORT, (LEN))
#define INTALIGN_DOWN(LEN)		TYPEALIGN_DOWN(ALIGNOF_INT, (LEN))
#define LONGALIGN_DOWN(LEN)		TYPEALIGN_DOWN(ALIGNOF_LONG, (LEN))
#define DOUBLEALIGN_DOWN(LEN)	TYPEALIGN_DOWN(ALIGNOF_DOUBLE, (LEN))
#define MAXALIGN_DOWN(LEN)		TYPEALIGN_DOWN(MAXIMUM_ALIGNOF, (LEN))

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				Section 6:	widely useful macros
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
/*
 * Max
 *		Return the maximum of two numbers.
 */
#define Max(x, y)		((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))

/*
 * Min
 *		Return the minimum of two numbers.
 */
#define Min(x, y)		((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))

/*
 * Abs
 *		Return the absolute value of the argument.
 */
#define Abs(x)			((x) >= 0 ? (x) : -(x))

/*
 * StrNCpy
 *	Like standard library function strncpy(), except that result string
 *	is guaranteed to be null-terminated --- that is, at most N-1 bytes
 *	of the source string will be kept.
 *	Also, the macro returns no result (too hard to do that without
 *	evaluating the arguments multiple times, which seems worse).
 *
 *	BTW: when you need to copy a non-null-terminated string (like a text
 *	datum) and add a null, do not do it with StrNCpy(..., len+1).  That
 *	might seem to work, but it fetches one byte more than there is in the
 *	text object.  One fine day you'll have a SIGSEGV because there isn't
 *	another byte before the end of memory.	Don't laugh, we've had real
 *	live bug reports from real live users over exactly this mistake.
 *	Do it honestly with "memcpy(dst,src,len); dst[len] = '\0';", instead.
 */
#define StrNCpy(dst,src,len) \
	do \
	{ \
		char * _dst = (dst); \
		Size _len = (len); \
\
		if (_len > 0) \
		{ \
			strncpy(_dst, (src), _len); \
			_dst[_len-1] = '\0'; \
		} \
	} while (0)


/* Get a bit mask of the bits set in non-long aligned addresses */
#define LONG_ALIGN_MASK (sizeof(long) - 1)

/*
 * MemSet
 *	Exactly the same as standard library function memset(), but considerably
 *	faster for zeroing small word-aligned structures (such as parsetree nodes).
 *	This has to be a macro because the main point is to avoid function-call
 *	overhead.	However, we have also found that the loop is faster than
 *	native libc memset() on some platforms, even those with assembler
 *	memset() functions.  More research needs to be done, perhaps with
 *	MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT tests in configure.
 */
#define MemSet(start, val, len) \
	do \
	{ \
		/* must be void* because we don't know if it is integer aligned yet */ \
		void   *_vstart = (void *) (start); \
		int		_val = (val); \
		Size	_len = (len); \
\
		if ((((size_t) _vstart) & LONG_ALIGN_MASK) == 0 && /*CDB*/ \
			(_len & LONG_ALIGN_MASK) == 0 && \
			_val == 0 && \
			_len <= MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT && \
			/* \
			 *	If MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT == 0, optimizer should find \
			 *	the whole "if" false at compile time. \
			 */ \
			MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT != 0) \
		{ \
			long *_start = (long *) _vstart; \
			long *_stop = (long *) ((char *) _start + _len); \
			while (_start < _stop) \
				*_start++ = 0; \
		} \
		else \
			memset(_vstart, _val, _len); \
	} while (0)

/*
 * MemSetAligned is the same as MemSet except it omits the test to see if
 * "start" is word-aligned.  This is okay to use if the caller knows a-priori
 * that the pointer is suitably aligned (typically, because he just got it
 * from palloc(), which always delivers a max-aligned pointer).
 */
#define MemSetAligned(start, val, len) \
	do \
	{ \
		long   *_start = (long *) (start); \
		int		_val = (val); \
		Size	_len = (len); \
\
		if ((_len & LONG_ALIGN_MASK) == 0 && \
			_val == 0 && \
			_len <= MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT && \
			MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT != 0) \
		{ \
			long *_stop = (long *) ((char *) _start + _len); \
			while (_start < _stop) \
				*_start++ = 0; \
		} \
		else \
			memset(_start, _val, _len); \
	} while (0)


/*
 * MemSetTest/MemSetLoop are a variant version that allow all the tests in
 * MemSet to be done at compile time in cases where "val" and "len" are
 * constants *and* we know the "start" pointer must be word-aligned.
 * If MemSetTest succeeds, then it is okay to use MemSetLoop, otherwise use
 * MemSetAligned.  Beware of multiple evaluations of the arguments when using
 * this approach.
 */
#define MemSetTest(val, len) \
	( ((len) & LONG_ALIGN_MASK) == 0 && \
	(len) <= MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT && \
	MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT != 0 && \
	(val) == 0 )

#define MemSetLoop(start, val, len) \
	do \
	{ \
		long * _start = (long *) (start); \
		long * _stop = (long *) ((char *) _start + (Size) (len)); \
	\
		while (_start < _stop) \
			*_start++ = 0; \
	} while (0)


/*
 * UnusedArg
 *  Silence the compiler's warning about an unreferenced parameter or variable.
 *
 *  int f(int x)
 *  {
 *      int result = 1;
 *      UnusedArg(x);
 *      return result;
 *  }
 */
#define UnusedArg(arg)    ((void)(arg))


/*
 * UnusedInReleaseBuild
 *  Silence the compiler's warning about a parameter or variable which is
 *  used in debug builds but unused in release builds.
 */
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
#define UnusedInReleaseBuild(arg)   (UnusedArg(arg))
#else
#define UnusedInReleaseBuild(arg)
#endif


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				Section 7:	random stuff
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* msb for char */
#define HIGHBIT					(0x80)
#define IS_HIGHBIT_SET(ch)		((unsigned char)(ch) & HIGHBIT)

#define STATUS_OK				(0)
#define STATUS_ERROR			(-1)
#define STATUS_EOF				(-2)
#define STATUS_FOUND			(1)
#define STATUS_WAITING			(2)


/* gettext domain name mangling */

/*
 * To better support parallel installations of major PostgeSQL
 * versions as well as parallel installations of major library soname
 * versions, we mangle the gettext domain name by appending those
 * version numbers.  The coding rule ought to be that whereever the
 * domain name is mentioned as a literal, it must be wrapped into
 * PG_TEXTDOMAIN().  The macros below do not work on non-literals; but
 * that is somewhat intentional because it avoids having to worry
 * about multiple states of premangling and postmangling as the values
 * are being passed around.
 *
 * Make sure this matches the installation rules in nls-global.mk.
 */

/* need a second indirection because we want to stringize the macro value, not the name */
#define CppAsString2(x) CppAsString(x)

#ifdef SO_MAJOR_VERSION
#define PG_TEXTDOMAIN(domain) (domain CppAsString2(SO_MAJOR_VERSION) "-" PG_MAJORVERSION)
#else
#define PG_TEXTDOMAIN(domain) (domain "-" PG_MAJORVERSION)
#endif

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				Section 8: system-specific hacks
 *
 *		This should be limited to things that absolutely have to be
 *		included in every source file.	The port-specific header file
 *		is usually a better place for this sort of thing.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/*
 *	NOTE:  this is also used for opening text files.
 *	WIN32 treats Control-Z as EOF in files opened in text mode.
 *	Therefore, we open files in binary mode on Win32 so we can read
 *	literal control-Z.	The other affect is that we see CRLF, but
 *	that is OK because we can already handle those cleanly.
 */
#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
#define PG_BINARY	O_BINARY
#define PG_BINARY_A "ab"
#define PG_BINARY_R "rb"
#define PG_BINARY_W "wb"
#else
#define PG_BINARY	0
#define PG_BINARY_A "a"
#define PG_BINARY_R "r"
#define PG_BINARY_W "w"
#endif

#if defined(sun) && defined(__sparc__) && !defined(__SVR4)
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

/*
 * Provide prototypes for routines not present in a particular machine's
 * standard C library.
 */

#if !HAVE_DECL_SNPRINTF
extern int
snprintf(char *str, size_t count, const char *fmt,...)
/* This extension allows gcc to check the format string */
__attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
#endif

#if !HAVE_DECL_VSNPRINTF
extern int	vsnprintf(char *str, size_t count, const char *fmt, va_list args);
#endif

#if !defined(HAVE_MEMMOVE) && !defined(memmove)
#define memmove(d, s, c)		bcopy(s, d, c)
#endif

/* no special DLL markers on most ports */
#ifndef PGDLLIMPORT
#define PGDLLIMPORT				/* no special DLL markers on most ports */
#endif
#ifndef PGDLLEXPORT
#define PGDLLEXPORT
#endif

/*
 * The following is used as the arg list for signal handlers.  Any ports
 * that take something other than an int argument should override this in
 * their pg_config_os.h file.  Note that variable names are required
 * because it is used in both the prototypes as well as the definitions.
 * Note also the long name.  We expect that this won't collide with
 * other names causing compiler warnings.
 */

#ifndef SIGNAL_ARGS
#define SIGNAL_ARGS  int postgres_signal_arg
#endif

#ifndef PASS_SIGNAL_ARGS
#define PASS_SIGNAL_ARGS postgres_signal_arg
#endif

/*
 * When there is no sigsetjmp, its functionality is provided by plain
 * setjmp. Incidentally, nothing provides setjmp's functionality in
 * that case.
 */
#ifndef HAVE_SIGSETJMP
#define sigjmp_buf jmp_buf
#define sigsetjmp(x,y) setjmp(x)
#define siglongjmp longjmp
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_FDATASYNC) && !HAVE_DECL_FDATASYNC
extern int	fdatasync(int fildes);
#endif

/* If strtoq() exists, rename it to the more standard strtoll() */
#if defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64) && !defined(HAVE_STRTOLL) && defined(HAVE_STRTOQ)
#define strtoll strtoq
#define HAVE_STRTOLL 1
#endif

/* If strtouq() exists, rename it to the more standard strtoull() */
#if defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64) && !defined(HAVE_STRTOULL) && defined(HAVE_STRTOUQ)
#define strtoull strtouq
#define HAVE_STRTOULL 1
#endif

/*
 * We assume if we have these two functions, we have their friends too, and
 * can use the wide-character functions.
 */
#if defined(HAVE_WCSTOMBS) && defined(HAVE_TOWLOWER)
#define USE_WIDE_UPPER_LOWER
#endif

/* EXEC_BACKEND defines */
#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
#define NON_EXEC_STATIC
#else
#define NON_EXEC_STATIC static
#endif

/* /port compatibility functions */
#include "port.h"

#if 0
/*
 * Define alternatives to slow C library functions.   If they are already defined, maybe there is a
 * reason they are being overridden?  So to play it safe, don't redefine these
 * if the headers already did a define.
 */
#ifndef memcpy

static inline
void *(memcpy_inline)(void *__restrict b, const void *__restrict a, size_t n)
{
    char *s1 = b;
    const char *s2 = a;
    for(; 0<n; --n)*s1++ = *s2++;
    return b;
}
#define memcpy memcpy_inline
#endif

#endif


#ifdef __cplusplus
}   /* extern "C" */
#endif

#endif   /* C_H */