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 <h1>Hadoop快速入门</h1>
 <div id="minitoc-area">
 <ul class="minitoc">
 <li>
 <a href="#%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84">目的</a>
 </li>
 <li>
 <a href="#PreReqs">先决条件</a>
 <ul class="minitoc">
 <li>
 <a href="#%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0">支持平台</a>
 </li>
 <li>
 <a href="#%E6%89%80%E9%9C%80%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6">所需软件</a>
 </li>
 <li>
 <a href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6">安装软件</a>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li>
 <a href="#%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD">下载</a>
 </li>
 <li>
 <a href="#%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8CHadoop%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C">运行Hadoop集群的准备工作</a>
 </li>
 <li>
 <a href="#Local">单机模式的操作方法</a>
 </li>
 <li>
 <a href="#PseudoDistributed">伪分布式模式的操作方法</a>
 <ul class="minitoc">
 <li>
 <a href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE">配置</a>
 </li>
 <li>
 <a href="#%E5%85%8D%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81">免密码ssh设置</a>
 </li>
 <li>
 <a href="#%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C">执行</a>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li>
 <a href="#FullyDistributed">完全分布式模式的操作方法</a>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>


 <a name="N1000D"></a><a name="%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84"></a>
 <h2 class="h3">目的</h2>
 <div class="section">
 <p>这篇文档的目的是帮助你快速完成单机上的Hadoop安装与使用以便你对<a href="hdfs_design.html">Hadoop分布式文件系统(<acronym title="Hadoop Distributed File System">HDFS</acronym>)</a>和Map-Reduce框架有所体会，比如在HDFS上运行示例程序或简单作业等。</p>
 </div>

 <a name="N1001F"></a><a name="PreReqs"></a>
 <h2 class="h3">先决条件</h2>
 <div class="section">
 <a name="N10025"></a><a name="%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0"></a>
 <h3 class="h4">支持平台</h3>
 <ul>

 <li>
                 GNU/Linux是产品开发和运行的平台。
 	        Hadoop已在有2000个节点的GNU/Linux主机组成的集群系统上得到验证。
           </li>

 <li>
             Win32平台是作为<em>开发平台</em>支持的。由于分布式操作尚未在Win32平台上充分测试，所以还不作为一个<em>生产平台</em>被支持。
           </li>

 </ul>
 <a name="N1003B"></a><a name="%E6%89%80%E9%9C%80%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6"></a>
 <h3 class="h4">所需软件</h3>
 <p>Linux和Windows所需软件包括:</p>
 <ol>

 <li>
             Java<sup>TM</sup>1.5.x，必须安装，建议选择Sun公司发行的Java版本。
           </li>

 <li>

 <strong>ssh</strong> 必须安装并且保证 <strong>sshd</strong>一直运行，以便用Hadoop
 	    脚本管理远端Hadoop守护进程。
           </li>

 </ol>
 <p>Windows下的附加软件需求</p>
 <ol>

 <li>

 <a href="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a> - 提供上述软件之外的shell支持。
             </li>

 </ol>
 <a name="N10064"></a><a name="%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6"></a>
 <h3 class="h4">安装软件</h3>
 <p>如果你的集群尚未安装所需软件，你得首先安装它们。</p>
 <p>以Ubuntu Linux为例:</p>
 <p>

 <span class="codefrag">$ sudo apt-get install ssh</span>
 <br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ sudo apt-get install rsync</span>

 </p>
 <p>在Windows平台上，如果安装cygwin时未安装全部所需软件，则需启动cyqwin安装管理器安装如下软件包：</p>
 <ul>

 <li>openssh - <em>Net</em> 类</li>

 </ul>
 </div>


 <a name="N10088"></a><a name="%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD"></a>
 <h2 class="h3">下载</h2>
 <div class="section">
 <p>
         为了获取Hadoop的发行版，从Apache的某个镜像服务器上下载最近的
         <a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/core/releases.html">稳定发行版</a>。</p>
 </div>


 <a name="N10096"></a><a name="%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8CHadoop%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C"></a>
 <h2 class="h3">运行Hadoop集群的准备工作</h2>
 <div class="section">
 <p>
         解压所下载的Hadoop发行版。编辑
         <span class="codefrag">conf/hadoop-env.sh</span>文件，至少需要将<span class="codefrag">JAVA_HOME</span>设置为Java安装根路径。
       </p>
 <p>
 	    尝试如下命令：<br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ bin/hadoop</span>
 <br>
         将会显示<strong>hadoop</strong> 脚本的使用文档。
       </p>
 <p>现在你可以用以下三种支持的模式中的一种启动Hadoop集群：
       </p>
 <ul>

 <li>单机模式</li>

 <li>伪分布式模式</li>

 <li>完全分布式模式</li>

 </ul>
 </div>


 <a name="N100C1"></a><a name="Local"></a>
 <h2 class="h3">单机模式的操作方法</h2>
 <div class="section">
 <p>默认情况下，Hadoop被配置成以非分布式模式运行的一个独立Java进程。这对调试非常有帮助。</p>
 <p>
         下面的实例将已解压的 <span class="codefrag">conf</span> 目录拷贝作为输入，查找并显示匹配给定正则表达式的条目。输出写入到指定的<span class="codefrag">output</span>目录。
         <br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ mkdir input</span>
 <br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ cp conf/*.xml input</span>
 <br>

 <span class="codefrag">
           $ bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar grep input output 'dfs[a-z.]+'
         </span>
 <br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ cat output/*</span>

 </p>
 </div>


 <a name="N100E5"></a><a name="PseudoDistributed"></a>
 <h2 class="h3">伪分布式模式的操作方法</h2>
 <div class="section">
 <p>Hadoop可以在单节点上以所谓的伪分布式模式运行，此时每一个Hadoop守护进程都作为一个独立的Java进程运行。</p>
 <a name="N100EE"></a><a name="%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"></a>
 <h3 class="h4">配置</h3>
 <p>使用如下的 <span class="codefrag">conf/hadoop-site.xml</span>:</p>
 <table class="ForrestTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4">

 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&lt;configuration&gt;</td>
 </tr>


 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;property&gt;</td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;name&gt;fs.default.name&lt;/name&gt;</td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;value&gt;localhost:9000&lt;/value&gt;</td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/property&gt;</td>
 </tr>


 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;property&gt;</td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;name&gt;mapred.job.tracker&lt;/name&gt;</td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;value&gt;localhost:9001&lt;/value&gt;</td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/property&gt;</td>
 </tr>


 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;property&gt;</td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;name&gt;dfs.replication&lt;/name&gt;</td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;value&gt;1&lt;/value&gt;</td>
 </tr>

 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&lt;/property&gt;</td>
 </tr>


 <tr>
 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">&lt;/configuration&gt;</td>
 </tr>

 </table>
 <a name="N10152"></a><a name="%E5%85%8D%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81"></a>
 <h3 class="h4">免密码ssh设置</h3>
 <p>
           现在确认能否不输入口令就用ssh登录localhost:<br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ ssh localhost</span>

 </p>
 <p>
           如果不输入口令就无法用ssh登陆localhost，执行下面的命令：<br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa</span>
 <br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub &gt;&gt; ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</span>

 </p>
 <a name="N10170"></a><a name="%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C"></a>
 <h3 class="h4">执行</h3>
 <p>
           格式化一个新的分布式文件系统：<br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ bin/hadoop namenode -format</span>

 </p>
 <p>
 		  启动Hadoop守护进程：<br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ bin/start-all.sh</span>

 </p>
 <p>Hadoop守护进程的日志写入到
         <span class="codefrag">${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}</span> 目录 (默认是
         <span class="codefrag">${HADOOP_HOME}/logs</span>).</p>
 <p>浏览NameNode和JobTracker的网络接口，它们的地址默认为：</p>
 <ul>

 <li>

 <span class="codefrag">NameNode</span> -
             <a href="http://localhost:50070/">http://localhost:50070/</a>

 </li>

 <li>

 <span class="codefrag">JobTracker</span> -
             <a href="http://localhost:50030/">http://localhost:50030/</a>

 </li>

 </ul>
 <p>
           将输入文件拷贝到分布式文件系统：<br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ bin/hadoop fs -put conf input</span>

 </p>
 <p>
           运行发行版提供的示例程序：<br>

 <span class="codefrag">
             $ bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar grep input output 'dfs[a-z.]+'
           </span>

 </p>
 <p>查看输出文件：</p>
 <p>
           将输出文件从分布式文件系统拷贝到本地文件系统查看：<br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ bin/hadoop fs -get output output</span>
 <br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ cat output/*</span>

 </p>
 <p> 或者 </p>
 <p>
           在分布式文件系统上查看输出文件：<br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ bin/hadoop fs -cat output/*</span>

 </p>
 <p>
 		  完成全部操作后，停止守护进程：<br>

 <span class="codefrag">$ bin/stop-all.sh</span>

 </p>
 </div>


 <a name="N101DD"></a><a name="FullyDistributed"></a>
 <h2 class="h3">完全分布式模式的操作方法</h2>
 <div class="section">
 <p>关于搭建完全分布式模式的，有实际意义的集群的资料可以在<a href="cluster_setup.html">这里</a>找到。</p>
 </div>


 <p>

 <em>Java与JNI是Sun Microsystems, Inc.在美国以及其他国家地区的商标或注册商标。</em>

 </p>


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	<h1>Hadoop快速入门</h1>
	<div id="minitoc-area">
	<ul class="minitoc">
	<li>
	<a href="#%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84">目的</a>
	</li>
	<li>
	<a href="#PreReqs">先决条件</a>
	<ul class="minitoc">
	<li>
	<a href="#%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0">支持平台</a>
	</li>
	<li>
	<a href="#%E6%89%80%E9%9C%80%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6">所需软件</a>
	</li>
	<li>
	<a href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6">安装软件</a>
	</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	<a href="#%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD">下载</a>
	</li>
	<li>
	<a href="#%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8CHadoop%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C">运行Hadoop集群的准备工作</a>
	</li>
	<li>
	<a href="#Local">单机模式的操作方法</a>
	</li>
	<li>
	<a href="#PseudoDistributed">伪分布式模式的操作方法</a>
	<ul class="minitoc">
	<li>
	<a href="#%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE">配置</a>
	</li>
	<li>
	<a href="#%E5%85%8D%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81">免密码ssh设置</a>
	</li>
	<li>
	<a href="#%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C">执行</a>
	</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	<a href="#FullyDistributed">完全分布式模式的操作方法</a>
	</li>
	</ul>
	</div>


	<a name="N1000D"></a><a name="%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84"></a>
	<h2 class="h3">目的</h2>
	<div class="section">
	<p>这篇文档的目的是帮助你快速完成单机上的Hadoop安装与使用以便你对<a href="hdfs_design.html">Hadoop分布式文件系统(<acronym title="Hadoop Distributed File System">HDFS</acronym>)</a>和Map-Reduce框架有所体会，比如在HDFS上运行示例程序或简单作业等。</p>
	</div>

	<a name="N1001F"></a><a name="PreReqs"></a>
	<h2 class="h3">先决条件</h2>
	<div class="section">
	<a name="N10025"></a><a name="%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0"></a>
	<h3 class="h4">支持平台</h3>
	<ul>

	<li>
	GNU/Linux是产品开发和运行的平台。
	Hadoop已在有2000个节点的GNU/Linux主机组成的集群系统上得到验证。
	</li>

	<li>
	Win32平台是作为<em>开发平台</em>支持的。由于分布式操作尚未在Win32平台上充分测试，所以还不作为一个<em>生产平台</em>被支持。
	</li>

	</ul>
	<a name="N1003B"></a><a name="%E6%89%80%E9%9C%80%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6"></a>
	<h3 class="h4">所需软件</h3>
	<p>Linux和Windows所需软件包括:</p>
	<ol>

	<li>
	Java<sup>TM</sup>1.5.x，必须安装，建议选择Sun公司发行的Java版本。
	</li>

	<li>

	<strong>ssh</strong> 必须安装并且保证 <strong>sshd</strong>一直运行，以便用Hadoop
	脚本管理远端Hadoop守护进程。
	</li>

	</ol>
	<p>Windows下的附加软件需求</p>
	<ol>

	<li>

	<a href="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a> - 提供上述软件之外的shell支持。
	</li>

	</ol>
	<a name="N10064"></a><a name="%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6"></a>
	<h3 class="h4">安装软件</h3>
	<p>如果你的集群尚未安装所需软件，你得首先安装它们。</p>
	<p>以Ubuntu Linux为例:</p>
	<p>

	<span class="codefrag">$ sudo apt-get install ssh</span>
	<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ sudo apt-get install rsync</span>

	</p>
	<p>在Windows平台上，如果安装cygwin时未安装全部所需软件，则需启动cyqwin安装管理器安装如下软件包：</p>
	<ul>

	<li>openssh - <em>Net</em> 类</li>

	</ul>
	</div>


	<a name="N10088"></a><a name="%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD"></a>
	<h2 class="h3">下载</h2>
	<div class="section">
	<p>
	为了获取Hadoop的发行版，从Apache的某个镜像服务器上下载最近的
	<a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/core/releases.html">稳定发行版</a>。</p>
	</div>


	<a name="N10096"></a><a name="%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8CHadoop%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C"></a>
	<h2 class="h3">运行Hadoop集群的准备工作</h2>
	<div class="section">
	<p>
	解压所下载的Hadoop发行版。编辑
	<span class="codefrag">conf/hadoop-env.sh</span>文件，至少需要将<span class="codefrag">JAVA_HOME</span>设置为Java安装根路径。
	</p>
	<p>
	尝试如下命令：<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ bin/hadoop</span>
	<br>
	将会显示<strong>hadoop</strong> 脚本的使用文档。
	</p>
	<p>现在你可以用以下三种支持的模式中的一种启动Hadoop集群：
	</p>
	<ul>

	<li>单机模式</li>

	<li>伪分布式模式</li>

	<li>完全分布式模式</li>

	</ul>
	</div>


	<a name="N100C1"></a><a name="Local"></a>
	<h2 class="h3">单机模式的操作方法</h2>
	<div class="section">
	<p>默认情况下，Hadoop被配置成以非分布式模式运行的一个独立Java进程。这对调试非常有帮助。</p>
	<p>
	下面的实例将已解压的 <span class="codefrag">conf</span> 目录拷贝作为输入，查找并显示匹配给定正则表达式的条目。输出写入到指定的<span class="codefrag">output</span>目录。
	<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ mkdir input</span>
	<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ cp conf/*.xml input</span>
	<br>

	<span class="codefrag">
	$ bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar grep input output 'dfs[a-z.]+'
	</span>
	<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ cat output/*</span>

	</p>
	</div>


	<a name="N100E5"></a><a name="PseudoDistributed"></a>
	<h2 class="h3">伪分布式模式的操作方法</h2>
	<div class="section">
	<p>Hadoop可以在单节点上以所谓的伪分布式模式运行，此时每一个Hadoop守护进程都作为一个独立的Java进程运行。</p>
	<a name="N100EE"></a><a name="%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"></a>
	<h3 class="h4">配置</h3>
	<p>使用如下的 <span class="codefrag">conf/hadoop-site.xml</span>:</p>
	<table class="ForrestTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4">

	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><configuration></td>
	</tr>


	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">  <property></td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">    <name>fs.default.name</name></td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">    <value>localhost:9000</value></td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">  </property></td>
	</tr>


	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">  <property></td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">    <name>mapred.job.tracker</name></td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">    <value>localhost:9001</value></td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">  </property></td>
	</tr>


	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">  <property></td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">    <name>dfs.replication</name></td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">    <value>1</value></td>
	</tr>

	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">  </property></td>
	</tr>


	<tr>
	<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"></configuration></td>
	</tr>

	</table>
	<a name="N10152"></a><a name="%E5%85%8D%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81"></a>
	<h3 class="h4">免密码ssh设置</h3>
	<p>
	现在确认能否不输入口令就用ssh登录localhost:<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ ssh localhost</span>

	</p>
	<p>
	如果不输入口令就无法用ssh登陆localhost，执行下面的命令：<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa</span>
	<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys</span>

	</p>
	<a name="N10170"></a><a name="%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C"></a>
	<h3 class="h4">执行</h3>
	<p>
	格式化一个新的分布式文件系统：<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ bin/hadoop namenode -format</span>

	</p>
	<p>
	启动Hadoop守护进程：<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ bin/start-all.sh</span>

	</p>
	<p>Hadoop守护进程的日志写入到
	<span class="codefrag">${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}</span> 目录 (默认是
	<span class="codefrag">${HADOOP_HOME}/logs</span>).</p>
	<p>浏览NameNode和JobTracker的网络接口，它们的地址默认为：</p>
	<ul>

	<li>

	<span class="codefrag">NameNode</span> -
	<a href="http://localhost:50070/">http://localhost:50070/</a>

	</li>

	<li>

	<span class="codefrag">JobTracker</span> -
	<a href="http://localhost:50030/">http://localhost:50030/</a>

	</li>

	</ul>
	<p>
	将输入文件拷贝到分布式文件系统：<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ bin/hadoop fs -put conf input</span>

	</p>
	<p>
	运行发行版提供的示例程序：<br>

	<span class="codefrag">
	$ bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar grep input output 'dfs[a-z.]+'
	</span>

	</p>
	<p>查看输出文件：</p>
	<p>
	将输出文件从分布式文件系统拷贝到本地文件系统查看：<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ bin/hadoop fs -get output output</span>
	<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ cat output/*</span>

	</p>
	<p> 或者 </p>
	<p>
	在分布式文件系统上查看输出文件：<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ bin/hadoop fs -cat output/*</span>

	</p>
	<p>
	完成全部操作后，停止守护进程：<br>

	<span class="codefrag">$ bin/stop-all.sh</span>

	</p>
	</div>


	<a name="N101DD"></a><a name="FullyDistributed"></a>
	<h2 class="h3">完全分布式模式的操作方法</h2>
	<div class="section">
	<p>关于搭建完全分布式模式的，有实际意义的集群的资料可以在<a href="cluster_setup.html">这里</a>找到。</p>
	</div>


	<p>

	<em>Java与JNI是Sun Microsystems, Inc.在美国以及其他国家地区的商标或注册商标。</em>

	</p>


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