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| % ------------------------- |
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| \begin{document} |
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| \footnotesize |
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| \begin{tabular}{ll} |
| \scalebox{0.35}{\includegraphics{one-groovy-logo.mps}} & {\large\textbf{Groovy}} \\ |
| & {\large\textbf{Reference}} \\ |
| & {\large\textbf{Summary}} |
| \end{tabular} |
| |
| \vskip 1.8in |
| %todo: black line |
| |
| GROOVY-1.0-BETA-7 |
| |
| \vskip 0.25 in |
| |
| {\em Second Edition\/} (September 2004) |
| |
| This card is intended primarily for use by Groovy language programmers. It |
| contains basic language information summarized from the online |
| documentation (http://groovy.codehaus.org). The card will be updated from |
| time to time. However the above manual and others cited on the card |
| are the authoritative reference sources and will be first to reflect changes. |
| |
| To distinguish them from instructions carried over from the Java Language, |
| the names of instructions essentially new with Groovy are shown |
| in italics. |
| |
| Comments about this publication may be sent to the address below. |
| |
| \vskip 2 in |
| Groovy Technical Publications Systems |
| |
| groovy.codehaus.org |
| |
| |
| \section{Keywords} |
| \subsection{Grammar} |
| \keywordSummaryHeader{ |
| \keywordSummary{{\em as} }{ import {\em type\/} as {\em id\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{assert }{ assert {\em expr expr?\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{break }{ break {\em lbl?\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{case }{ switch {\em expr\/} case {\em expr stmt*\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{catch }{ try {\em stmt*\/} catch {\em type id stmt*\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{class }{ {\em mod*\/} class {\em id\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{continue }{ continue {\em lbl?\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{{\em def} }{ def {\em methodDeclaration\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{default }{ switch {\em expr\/} case default{\em stmt*\/} } |
| \keywordSummary{do }{ do {\em stmt*\/} while {\em expr\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{else }{ if {\em expr stmt*\/} else if {\em expr stmt*\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{extends }{ {\em mod*\/} class {\em id\/} extends {\em type\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{finally }{ try {\em stmt*} finally {\em stmt*}} |
| \keywordSummary{for }{ for {\em expr*};{\em expr};{\em expr} {\em stmt*\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{{\em for} }{ for {\em id\/} in {\em id stmt*\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{if }{ if {\em expr stmt*\/} else if {\em expr stmt*\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{{\em in} }{ for {\em id\/} in {\em id stmt*\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{implements }{ {\em mod*\/} class {\em id\/} implements {\em type*}} |
| \keywordSummary{import }{ import {\em type\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{instanceof }{ {\em expr\/} instanceof {\em type}} |
| \keywordSummary{interface }{ {\em mod*\/} interface {\em id\/}} |
| %\keywordSummary{{\em mixin} }{ {\em mod*\/} mixin {\em id\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{new }{ new {\em type\/} } |
| \keywordSummary{package }{ package {\em id\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{{\em property} }{ {\em mod*\/} property {\em type?\/} {\em id\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{return }{ return {\em expr?/} } |
| \keywordSummary{switch }{ switch {\em expr\/} case {\em expr stmt*\/} } |
| \keywordSummary{throw }{ throw {\em expr\/} } |
| \keywordSummary{throws }{ {\em methodDeclaration} throws {\em type\/} } |
| \keywordSummary{try }{ try {\em stmt*\/} catch {\em type id stmt*\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{while }{ do {\em stmt*\/} while {\em expr\/}} |
| \keywordSummary{ }{ while {\em expr\/} {\em stmt*\/}} |
| } |
| |
| |
| |
| % \subsection{Types} |
| % \keywordSummaryHeader{ |
| % \keywordSummary{boolean }{ true {\em or\/} false} |
| % \keywordSummary{byte }{ -128 to 127} |
| % \keywordSummary{char }{ u0000 to uFFFF } |
| % \keywordSummary{double }{ $\pm 4.9E^{-324}$ to $\pm 1.8E^{+308}$} |
| % \keywordSummary{float }{ $\pm 1.4E^{-45}$ to $\pm 3.4E^{+38}$} |
| % \keywordSummary{int }{ -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647} |
| % \keywordSummary{long }{ -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 } |
| % \keywordSummary{ }{ to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807} |
| % \keywordSummary{short }{ -32,768 to 32,767} |
| % \keywordSummary{void }{ } |
| % } |
| |
| \vskip 0.5 in |
| |
| \section{Groovy JDK} |
| % based upon DefaultGroovyMethods r1.114 |
| \subsection{Collections and properties} |
| {\scriptsize {\em Note: cltn in this sense {\em can\/} include lists, sets, matchers, strings, charSeqs and arrays\/}} |
| |
| \methodDetailHeader{ |
| % a.getAt(b) and a.putAt(b,c) are equiv to a[b] and a[b] = c respectiv. |
| %\methodDetail{ cltn. }{ getAt}{(index\textbar indices\textbar range) }{ obtains objects at specified {\em indicies\/} or in {\em range\/}} |
| %\methodDetail{ cltn. }{ getAt}{(property) }{ obtains {\em property\/} from each object in collection} |
| %\methodDetail{ obj. }{ putAt}{(idx, value) }{ put {\em value\/} at position {\em idx\/} } |
| %\methodDetail{ obj. }{ putAt}{(propertyName, value) }{ put {\em value\/} in the {\em propertyName\/} } |
| \methodDetail{ cltn }{[}{index\textbar indices\textbar range\textbar property {\bf ]}}{ obtains objects at specified location} |
| \methodDetail{ obj }{[}{index\textbar property{\bf ] =} value }{ put {\em value\/} at location } |
| \methodDetail{ cltn }{ \textless\textless}{ obj }{ append obj to collection} |
| \methodSummary{ cltn }{ $+$}{ obj }{ append obj to collection} |
| %\methodDetail{ cltn }{ $+$}{ cltn }{ append collection to collection} |
| \methodSummary{ list }{ $-$}{ cltn }{ remove items from list} |
| \methodDetail{ cltn }{ $*$}{ num }{ repeat items in collection a number of times} |
| \methodDetail{ }{ }{ }{ } |
| % no count() or getAt(range) for matchers! |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ getProperties}{() }{ obtain Map of properties on {\em obj\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ getMetaPropertyValues}{() }{ obtain List of meta properties on {\em obj\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ cltn. }{ count}{(obj) * }{ counts number of occurances of {\em obj\/} in collection} |
| \methodSummary{ map. }{ get}{(key, defaultValue) * }{ try to get {\em key \/} from map, otherwise put {\em defaultValue\/} in map and return } |
| \methodSummary{ cltn. }{ size}{() * }{ returns size of an array or string } |
| \methodDetail{ }{ }{ }{ } |
| \methodDetail{ cltn. }{ collect}{() \{closure\} * }{ new collection of {\em closure \/} transformed items } |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ each}{() \{closure\} * }{ iterate through object applying {\em closure\/} } |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ eachWithIndex}{() \{closure\} }{ iterate through object with a counter applying {\em closure\/} } |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ find}{() \{closure\} * }{ find first item picked by {\em closure \/} condition } |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ findAll}{() \{closure\} * }{ returns all items picked by {\em closure\/} condition } |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ findIndexOf}{() \{closure\} }{ return first index that matches condition {\em closure\/} } |
| \methodSummary{ obj. }{ grep}{(regex\textbar range\textbar etc..) * }{ returns all matching items } |
| \methodDetail{ cltn. }{ inject}{(value) \{closure\} }{ returns closure( closure( closure(value,item0) ,item1) ,item2) ... } |
| \methodDetail{ cltn. }{ max}{([comparator]) \{closure\} * }{ returns the maximum value found in the collection } |
| \methodDetail{ cltn. }{ min}{([comparator]) \{closure\} * }{ returns the minimum value found in the collection } |
| \methodDetail{ list. }{ reverseEach}{() \{closure\} }{ iterate backwards through list applying {\em closure\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ cltn. }{ sort}{([comparator]) * }{ sorts collection into a list, optionally using a {\em comparator\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ cltn. }{ sort}{() \{closure\} * }{ sorts collection into a list using closure as comparator} |
| \methodDetail{ }{ }{ }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ cltn. }{ asImmutable}{() }{ create an immutable collection } |
| \methodSummary{ cltn. }{ asSynchronized}{() }{ create a synchronized collection } |
| \methodSummary{ list. }{ flatten}{() }{ flattens list } |
| \methodDetail{ list. }{ intersect}{(cltn) }{ returns intersection of list and collection } |
| \methodDetail{ cltn. }{ join}{(separator) * }{ concatenate all the elements of {\em cltn\/} into a string } |
| \methodDetail{ list. }{ pop}{() * }{ remove and return last item from list } |
| %todo: what happened to push() :-) |
| \methodSummary{ cltn. }{ reverse}{() }{ reverses order of collection or string } |
| \methodDetail{ map. }{ subMap}{(keys) }{ returns a map of the given keys } |
| \methodSummary{ cltn. }{ toList}{() }{ turns any collection into a list } |
| } |
| |
| \vskip 0.75 in |
| |
| \subsection{Strings} |
| \methodDetailHeader{ |
| \methodDetail{ str }{ $++$}{ }{ increment the number at end of string} |
| \methodDetail{ str }{ $--$}{ }{ reduce the number at end of string} |
| \methodSummary{ str }{ $+$}{ obj }{ concatenate {\em str\/} and {\em obj\/} together} |
| \methodDetail{ str }{ $-$}{ obj }{ remove the first {\em obj\/} from {\em str\/}} |
| %\methodDetailHeader{ num }{ + str }{ concatenate str to the end of num } |
| \methodSummary{ str }{ \textless\textless}{ value }{ } |
| %\methodDetail{ strBuff }{ \textless\textless}{ value }{ } |
| %center and centre :-) !!!! |
| \methodDetail{ str. }{ padRight}{(size,[padding]) }{ left justifies string padded out to {\em size\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ str. }{ center}{(size, [padding]) }{ centers a string padded out to {\em size\/}} |
| % name change for padLeft? |
| \methodDetail{ str. }{ padLeft}{(size,[padding]) }{ right justifies string padded out to {\em size\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ str. }{ contains}{(str2) * }{ true if {\em str} contains {\em str2}} |
| \methodDetail{ str. }{ eachMatch}{(regex) \{closure\} * }{ apply {\em closure\/} to each match of the specified {\em regex\/} } |
| %leftshift |
| \methodSummary{ str. }{ toCharacter}{() }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ str. }{ toList}{() }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ str. }{ toLong}{() }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ str. }{ toURL}{() }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ str. }{ tokenize}{([token]) * }{ } |
| } |
| |
| |
| \subsection{Input/output} |
| %todo: unify method names |
| {\scriptsize {\em Note: url in this sense {\em can\/} include urls, files, streams and readers\/}} |
| \methodDetailHeader{ |
| \methodDetail{ dir. }{ eachFile}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to each file in {\em dir\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ dir. }{ eachFileRecurse}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to each file in {\em dir\/} recursively} |
| \methodDetail{ }{ }{ }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ url. }{ eachByte}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to each byte in {\em file\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ url. }{ eachLine}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to each line of input} |
| %\methodDetail{ file. }{ newInputStream}{() }{ obtain Stream to read from {\em file\/}} |
| %\methodDetail{ file. }{ newReader}{([charset]) }{ obtain Reader from {\em file}} |
| \methodSummary{ file. }{ readBytes}{() }{ read bytes from {\em file\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ in. }{ readLine}{() }{ read a single, whole line from {\em in\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ file. }{ readLines}{() }{ obtain List of lines from {\em file}} |
| \methodDetail{ url. }{ getText}{([charset]) }{ fetch all available text from resource } |
| \methodDetail{ file. }{ splitEachLine}{(regEx) \{closure\} }{ read in each line of {\em file\/}, apply {\em closure\/} to data delimited by {\em regEx\/}} |
| %\methodDetail{ file. }{ withInputStream}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to a new InputStream on {\em file\/}, then close} |
| \methodDetail{ url. }{ withReader}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to {\em in\/}, then close {\em in\/}} |
| %\methodDetail{ in. }{ withStream}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to {\em in\/}, then close {\em in\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ }{ }{ }{ } |
| \methodDetail{ out }{ \textless\textless}{ obj }{ append {\em obj\/} to stream, process or socket} |
| \methodSummary{ file. }{ append}{(text, [charset]) }{ append {\em text\/} at end of {\em file\/} with {\em charset\/} encoding} |
| %\methodSummary{ file. }{ asWritable}{([charset]) * }{ wrap {\em file\/} as Writable } |
| \methodSummary{ bytes. }{ encodeBase64}{() }{ wraps {\em file\/} in Writable with contents encoded as Base64} |
| \methodSummary{ str. }{ decodeBase64}{() }{ unwraps bytes from Base64 encoded {\em str\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ in. }{ filterLine}{([out]) \{closure\} }{ read from {\em in\/} and write each line to {\em out\/} only if {\em closure\/}} |
| %\methodDetail{ file. }{ newOutputStream}{() }{ obtain Stream to write to {\em file\/}} |
| %\methodDetail{ file. }{ newPrintWriter}{([charset]) }{ obtain PrintWriter to {\em file\/}} |
| %\methodDetail{ file. }{ newWriter}{([charset],[append]) }{ obtain Writer to {\em file\/}} |
| % todo: transformChar(out) could be more in line with eachByte? |
| \methodSummary{ in. }{ transformChar}{(out) \{closure\} }{ read {\em in\/} and apply {\em closure\/} to each character being written {\em out\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ in. }{ transformLine}{(out) \{closure\} }{ read {\em in\/} and apply {\em closure\/} to each line being written {\em out\/}} |
| \methodSummary{ file. }{ withOutputStream}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to a new OutputStream on {\em file\/}, then close} |
| \methodSummary{ file. }{ withPrintWriter}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to a new PrintWriter on {\em file\/}, then close} |
| \methodSummary{ out. }{ withStream}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to {\em out\/}, then close {\em out\/}} |
| \methodSummary{ skt. }{ withStreams}{() \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to [in,out], then close them} |
| \methodSummary{ out. }{ withWriter}{([charset]) \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to {\em out\/} using {\em charset\/}, then close {\em out\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ file. }{ withWriterAppend}{(charset) \{closure\} }{ apply {\em closure\/} to a new appending Writer on {\em file\/}, then close} |
| \methodSummary{ file. }{ write}{(text, [charset]) * }{ write {\em text\/} to {\em file\/} using {\em charset\/}} |
| \methodSummary{ out. }{ writeLine}{(line) }{ write {\em line\/} and append a newline} |
| } |
| |
| \subsection{Misc} |
| \methodDetailHeader{ |
| \methodSummary{ date }{ $++$}{ }{ add one day to the date } |
| \methodSummary{ date }{ $--$}{ }{ subtract one day from the date } |
| \methodSummary{ date }{ $+$}{ days }{ add {\em days\/} to the date } |
| \methodSummary{ date }{ $-$}{ days }{ subtract {\em days\/} from the date } |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ dump}{() * }{ returns a detailed dump string of {\em obj\/}} |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ inspect}{() * }{ returns the groovy expression used to create this instance of {\em obj}} |
| \methodSummary{ obj. }{ invokeMethod}{(method, args) * }{ invokes {\em method\/} on {\em obj\/} } |
| \methodSummary{ obj. }{ print}{(obj) * }{ print an object } |
| \methodSummary{ obj. }{ print}{(out) * }{ print this object to {\em out} } |
| \methodSummary{ obj. }{ println}{(object) * }{ print an object and then terminate line } |
| \methodSummary{ obj. }{ println}{(out) * }{ print this object to {\em out} and then terminate line } |
| \methodDetail{ num. }{ step}{(endNum, stepNum) \{closure\} }{ iterates {\em closure\/} starting at this number, stepping up to {\em endNum} } |
| \methodDetail{ num. }{ times}{() \{closure\} * }{ iterates {\em closure\/} num times } |
| %todo: upTo() instead of upto() |
| \methodDetail{ num. }{ upto}{(endNum) \{closure\} }{ iterates {\em closure\/} starting at this number, up to {\em endNum} } |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ use}{(categoryClass) \{closure\} * }{ attach {\em closure\/} to specified class } |
| \methodDetail{ obj. }{ use}{(categoryClassList) \{closure\} * }{ attach {\em closure\/} to specified classes } |
| \methodSummary{ ps. }{ waitForOrKill}{(milliSecs) }{ wait for process to finish, or stop after specified {\em milliSecs} } |
| \methodSummary{ ps. }{ getText}{() }{ } |
| %Static methods shown with \em |
| \methodSummary{ Thd.}{ {\em start}}{() \{closure\} }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ Thd.}{ {\em startDaemon}}{() \{closure\} }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ Mtr.}{ {\em getLastMatcher}}{() }{ } |
| } |
| |
| |
| \section{Groovy Developers Kit} |
| \subsection{Groovy SQL} |
| %START |
| % sql = Sql.newInstance( |
| %END |
| \methodSummaryHeader{ |
| %\methodSummary{ }{ newInstance}{(url,[props],[driver]) } |
| \methodSummary{ }{ Sql}{(datasource\textbar connection\textbar sql)}{ } |
| \methodSummary{ }{ newInstance}{(url,[user],[pass],[driver]) }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ sql. }{ call}{(str,[params]) }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ sql. }{ eachRow}{(str,[params]) \{closure\}}{ } |
| \methodSummary{ sql. }{ execute}{(str,[params]) }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ sql. }{ executeUpdate}{(str,[params]) }{ } |
| \methodSummary{ sql. }{ close}{() }{ } |
| } |
| |
| \section{Snippets} |
| \begin{tabbing} jezjezjez \= jez-repeated-for-tab-settings-only \kill |
| {\bf Builder}\> |
| {\scriptsize Markup, Node, StreamingMarkup, DOM, }\\ |
| {\scriptsize Ant, JavaDoc, Swt, JFace, Swing}\\ |
| \verb+farm = new NodeBuilder().farm(){animal(type:'pig')}+\\ |
| {\bf GPath} \> |
| {\scriptsize walks the tree}\\ |
| \verb+farm.animal.collect{it['@type']}.contains('pig')+\\ |
| \end{tabbing} |
| %\section{Sample Groovy Builder} |
| %{\scriptsize Builders are provided to construct these tree structures: {\em Markup, Node, StreamingMarkup, DOM, Ant, JavaDoc, Swt, JFace, Swing}} |
| %\begin{verbatim} |
| %builder = new NodeBuilder() |
| % |
| %farm = builder.farm(type:'livestock', acres:30) { |
| % animal(type:'pig') |
| % animal(type:'sheep') |
| % tractor(wheelbase:90) |
| %} |
| % |
| %assert farm.animal.collect{it['@type']}.contains('pig') |
| % |
| %\end{verbatim} |
| |
| \section{Sample Groovy code} |
| \begin{verbatim} |
| package com.example |
| |
| import org.example.Cow |
| |
| /** |
| * This is a sample of Groovy |
| */ |
| class HighlandCow extends Cow { |
| |
| void mooAtPeople() { |
| sql = Sql.newInstance("jdbc:foo:bar") |
| sql.eachRow("select * from PERSON") { |
| println("Och-Aye ${it.firstname}") |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| \end{verbatim} |
| |
| \section{Tools} |
| \subsection{Ant task} |
| \begin{verbatim} |
| <taskdef name="groovyc" |
| classname="org.codehaus.groovy.ant.Groovyc" |
| classpathref="my.classpath"/> |
| <groovyc destdir="${build.classes.dir}" |
| srcdir="${src.dir}" |
| listfiles="true"> |
| <classpath refid="my.classpath"/> |
| </groovyc> |
| \end{verbatim} |
| \subsection{Command Line Tools} |
| \toolDetailHeader{ |
| \toolDetail{ \textgreater }{ groovy }{ [options] cheese.groovy [args] }{ interpret and execute specified groovy script } |
| \toolDetail{ \textgreater }{ groovyc }{ [options] cheese.groovy }{ compiles specified groovy script } |
| \toolDetail{ \textgreater }{ groovysh }{ }{ begins an interactive groovy session } |
| \toolDetail{ \textgreater }{ groovyConsole }{ }{ begins a GUI based groovy session } |
| %\toolDetail{ \textgreater }{ grok }{ }{ groovy javadoc } |
| } |
| |
| \rule{0.3\linewidth}{0.25pt} |
| \scriptsize |
| |
| Copyright \copyright\ 2004 Jeremy Rayner |
| |
| \verb!$Revision$, $Date$.! |
| |
| http://javanicus.com/ |
| |
| |
| \end{multicols} |
| \end{document} |
