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| </div><div id='content' class='page-1'><div class='row'><div class='row-fluid'><div class='col-lg-3'><ul class='nav-sidebar'><li><a href='./'>Blog index</a></li><li class='active'><a href='#doc'>Lego Bricks with Groovy</a></li><li><a href='#_basic_collection_processing' class='anchor-link'>Basic Collection Processing</a></li><li><a href='#_our_example_domain' class='anchor-link'>Our example domain</a></li><li><a href='#_some_bricks_to_play_with' class='anchor-link'>Some bricks to play with</a></li><li><a href='#_using_each_do' class='anchor-link'>Using <code>each</code> ("Do")</a></li><li><a href='#_using_findall_filter' class='anchor-link'>Using <code>findAll</code> ("Filter")</a></li><li><a href='#_using_split_also_filter' class='anchor-link'>Using <code>split</code> (also "Filter")</a></li><li><a href='#_using_collect_transform' class='anchor-link'>Using <code>collect</code> ("Transform")</a></li><li><a href='#_using_find_find' class='anchor-link'>Using <code>find</code> ("Find")</a></li><li><a href='#_using_any_and_every_test' class='anchor-link'>Using <code>any</code> and <code>every</code> ("Test")</a></li><li><a href='#_using_count_count' class='anchor-link'>Using <code>count</code> ("Count")</a></li><li><a href='#_a_mosaic_of_bricks' class='anchor-link'>A mosaic of bricks</a></li><li><a href='#_conclusion' class='anchor-link'>Conclusion</a></li></ul><br/><ul class='nav-sidebar'><li style='padding: 0.35em 0.625em; background-color: #eee'><span>Related posts</span></li><li><a href='./deep-learning-and-eclipse-collections'>Deep Learning and Eclipse Collections</a></li><li><a href='./groovy-null-processing'>Groovy Processing Nulls In Lists</a></li><li><a href='./deck-of-cards-with-groovy'>Deck of cards with Groovy, JDK collections and Eclipse Collections</a></li><li><a href='./groovy-list-processing-cheat-sheet'>Groovy List Processing Cheat Sheet</a></li><li><a href='./groovy-haiku-processing'>Groovy Haiku processing</a></li><li><a href='./wordle-checker'>Checking Wordle with Groovy</a></li><li><a href='./zipping-collections-with-groovy'>Zipping Collections with Groovy</a></li><li><a href='./fruity-eclipse-collections'>Fruity Eclipse Collections</a></li></ul></div><div class='col-lg-8 col-lg-pull-0'><a name='doc'></a><h1>Lego Bricks with Groovy</h1><p><span>Author: <i>Paul King</i></span><br/><span>Published: 2023-04-25 11:28PM (Last updated: 2023-04-27 10:42PM)</span></p><hr/><div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p><a href="https://twitter.com/TheDonRaab">Donald Raab</a> has continued has interesting |
| series on learning <a href="https://www.eclipse.org/collections/">Eclipse Collections</a>. |
| His latest blog post, <a href="https://donraab.medium.com/getting-started-with-eclipse-collections-part-4-a72eb23cce0e">part 4</a>, looks at <em>processing information in collections</em>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_basic_collection_processing">Basic Collection Processing</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Donald has a useful comparison table of operations for basic |
| collection processing. We’ll add a Groovy column:</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| <col style="width: 25%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Operation</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Eclipse Collections</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Java Streams</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Groovy</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Do</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>forEach</code><br> |
| (or <code>each</code>)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>forEach</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>each</code></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Filter</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>select</code> (include)<br> |
| <code>reject</code> (exclude)<br> |
| <code>partition</code> (both)</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>filter</code><br> |
| <code>filter</code> (negated predicate)<br> |
| <code>Collectors.partitioningBy</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>findAll</code><br> |
| <code>findAll</code> (negated predicate)<br> |
| <code>split</code></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Transform</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>collect</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>map</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>collect</code></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Find</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>detect</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>filter().findFirst().orElse(null)</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>find</code></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Test</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>anySatisfy</code><br> |
| <code>allSatisfy</code><br> |
| <code>nonSatisfy</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>anyMatch</code><br> |
| <code>allMatch</code><br> |
| <code>noneMatch</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>any</code><br> |
| <code>every</code><br> |
| <code>every</code> (negated predicate)</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Count</p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>count</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>filter().count()</code></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>count</code></p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>We highly recommend reading Donald’s blog post to give more |
| context for these categories.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Also note that while Groovy has built-in collection processing capabilities |
| (the third column), |
| it also <em>works well with Eclipse Collections and Java Streams</em>. |
| So, the first two columns are equally valid when using Groovy too.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_our_example_domain">Our example domain</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>We are going to follow one of the examples, that of Lego bricks, in Donald’s post.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>We’ll simplify the example slightly for our purposes and for this post, ignore the different |
| block types.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>So, we’ll start with a color enum. We are just interested in representing simple blocks and |
| use the colored dots to represent the top view of a block:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">enum Color { |
| RED("š“"), |
| YELLOW("š”"), |
| BLUE("šµ"), |
| GREEN("š¢"), |
| WHITE("āŖļø"), |
| BLACK("ā«ļø") |
| |
| final String circle |
| |
| Color(String circle) { |
| this.circle = circle |
| } |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>We’ll have a similar record to Donald’s post for dimensions |
| (but include a <code>toString()</code>:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">record Dimensions(int width, int length) { |
| String toString() { "$length X $width" } |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Now, our lego brick record just combines the color and dimensions:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">record LegoBrick(Color color, Dimensions dimensions) { |
| LegoBrick(Color color, int width, int length) { |
| this(color, new Dimensions(width, length)) |
| } |
| |
| static generateMultipleSizedBricks(int count, Set<Color> colors, Set<Dimensions> sizes) { |
| [[colors, sizes].combinations() * count]*.collect{ |
| Color c, Dimensions d -> new LegoBrick(c, d) |
| }.sum() |
| } |
| |
| String toString() { |
| ([color.circle * dimensions.length] * dimensions.width).join('\n') |
| } |
| |
| int length() { |
| dimensions.length() |
| } |
| |
| int width() { |
| dimensions.width() |
| } |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>While we don’t use it in this post, we created an additional constructor |
| for making it easier to create bricks of certain sizes. |
| There’s also a factory method for putting together collections of bricks.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_some_bricks_to_play_with">Some bricks to play with</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The first thing we do in our test script is set up some bricks to use |
| in the remaining examples:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">Set sizes = [[1, 2], [2, 2], [1, 3], [2, 3], [2, 4]].collect { |
| h, w -> new Dimensions(h, w) |
| } |
| Set colors = Color.values() |
| var bricks = LegoBrick.generateMultipleSizedBricks(5, colors, sizes) |
| assert bricks.size() == 150</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The type of brick is determined by its color and size. |
| There are FIVE different sizes, and SIX colors. |
| There are FIVE of each type in the collection. |
| Which makes a total of 150 bricks.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_using_each_do">Using <code>each</code> ("Do")</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">Set seen = [] |
| bricks.shuffled().each { |
| if (seen.add(it.dimensions)) { |
| println "$it ($it.dimensions)" |
| } |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>We shuffle the bricks and them process them one by one. |
| If we see a brick of a size we haven’t seen before we output it, and its size.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The output will be similar to this:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre>š“š“ (2 X 1) |
| šµšµšµ (3 X 1) |
| ā«ļøā«ļøā«ļø |
| ā«ļøā«ļøā«ļø (3 X 2) |
| š“š“ |
| š“š“ (2 X 2) |
| āŖļøāŖļøāŖļøāŖļø |
| āŖļøāŖļøāŖļøāŖļø (4 X 2)</pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Due to the shuffling, you might see different colors or a different order for the sizes.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_using_findall_filter">Using <code>findAll</code> ("Filter")</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Let’s now find the unique sizes for red bricks that are of width two (and we’ll sort them by length):</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">var redWidthTwo = bricks.findAll(b -> b.width() == 2 && b.color == RED) |
| .toSet() |
| .sort(LegoBrick::length) |
| assert redWidthTwo.join(',\n') == '''\ |
| š“š“ |
| š“š“, |
| š“š“š“ |
| š“š“š“, |
| š“š“š“š“ |
| š“š“š“š“'''</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_using_split_also_filter">Using <code>split</code> (also "Filter")</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Let’s find the bricks of length 4 or more (and we’ll find just the |
| unique variations and sort them by color):</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">def (selected, rejected) = bricks.findAll(b -> b.length() > 3) |
| .toSet() |
| .sort(LegoBrick::color) |
| .split { b -> |
| switch (b.color) { |
| case GREEN, WHITE, YELLOW -> true |
| case BLUE, RED, BLACK -> false |
| } |
| } |
| |
| assert selected.join(',\n') == ''' |
| š”š”š”š” |
| š”š”š”š”, |
| š¢š¢š¢š¢ |
| š¢š¢š¢š¢, |
| āŖļøāŖļøāŖļøāŖļø |
| āŖļøāŖļøāŖļøāŖļø |
| '''.stripIndent().trim() |
| assert rejected.join(',\n') == ''' |
| š“š“š“š“ |
| š“š“š“š“, |
| šµšµšµšµ |
| šµšµšµšµ, |
| ā«ļøā«ļøā«ļøā«ļø |
| ā«ļøā«ļøā«ļøā«ļø |
| '''.stripIndent().trim()</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_using_collect_transform">Using <code>collect</code> ("Transform")</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Let’s transform each brick into the toString for its dimensions and then find the unique values:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">Set dims = bricks.collect(b -> b.dimensions.toString()).toUnique() |
| assert dims == ['2 X 1', '2 X 2', '3 X 1', '3 X 2', '4 X 2'] as Set</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_using_find_find">Using <code>find</code> ("Find")</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Let’s shuffle the bricks again (no cheating here!) and then find the first |
| green brick of width and length 2:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">var greenTwoByTwo = bricks.shuffled().find { |
| b -> b.width() == b.length() && b.color == GREEN |
| } |
| assert greenTwoByTwo.toString() == 'š¢š¢\nš¢š¢'</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_using_any_and_every_test">Using <code>any</code> and <code>every</code> ("Test")</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Let’s check that there are no 1 x 1 (or some kind of 0 size bricks). |
| Either the width or length must be strictly greater than 1. |
| Also, let’s check there is some brick where the width is the same as the length |
| (recall our earlier <code>greenTwoByTwo</code> as just one example).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">assert bricks.every { b -> b.width() > 1 || b.length() > 1 } |
| assert bricks.any { b -> b.width() == b.length() }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_using_count_count">Using <code>count</code> ("Count")</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Let’s count how many green bricks there are, |
| and how many have length of 4:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">assert bricks.count { b -> b.color == GREEN } == 25 |
| assert bricks.count { b -> b.length() == 4 } == 30</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_a_mosaic_of_bricks">A mosaic of bricks</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In our final example, we took a mosaic of bricks from (1 x 1) |
| and larger sizes and put them together. We took the toString |
| and to save space (and bring a moment of suspense) we compressed it |
| and encoded it in chunked base64. Your challenge, should you choose |
| to accept it, is to decode the brick mosaic from its compressed |
| representation. Here is some code that might help:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code data-lang="groovy">var encodedCompressedLegoMosaic = ''' |
| eJztmj1uwzAMhfdcvkunLN3duUDPkwskRwiCoKljm9Tjn0gZBmLCkmmB+h5NyUZOl/P39fdjOJse |
| gLs9VQhCYW9fnz/pQRw6HDpUsA8R/o5nT1Ywxs7B6M+5v/Mf1O6Af5HMFzVDsU/Eudhu0R4q61+/ |
| IN5rupOFelHe6bApnHrYHOlZXamQw4ylLjkKwMONQl8g6RUSuGBHinc09ir1Zn3iAnqNmKrjdsRt |
| r/Qs5pspxNv09RRLMJdaNX88s912jcTIyJi853+/eQrTfJBGGVziZ12RHSG+a6TuxasWvoRwPYZh |
| t/vZUsnlO/3M8/R09ca+UshSkknSCPIL/7nWUMFBRPAtTPhoKSKgU0PXIIEWdCC6LbxlYxSnxguK |
| VVIdUqMea7J4EcKXCERLPgZ8wcF9pNp3EsMim10wL0+LGPjuLFkMHQ7kKYlCJkx2HyWC9ODp++qx |
| bSWvetaX67fIFg7Npvv6oOHdIoB/oPD5UkRGvHkL33T80KaDGnkYo8zC2VC5K8JdoETKW2+QlpJf |
| j6WWxpV6gRMO4j4nJH8DqYLcZOtGlJjGB70HVXmJ62fVsSlYO8NVoMyirA4+k3KF9OwpQzL0PWP2 |
| nz91abD/we3DHmIUsqQYd3YE/rA= |
| '''.trim() |
| |
| var os = new ByteArrayOutputStream() |
| |
| try (var ios = new InflaterOutputStream(os)) { |
| ios.write(encodedCompressedLegoMosaic.decodeBase64()) |
| } |
| println os</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>The output is left as an exercise for the reader (but |
| if you try on a terminal, you should have at least a |
| 72 x 36 layout, and use a terminal that supports unicode).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Spoiler alert: if you don’t want to run the script yourself, try it |
| <a href="https://groovyconsole.appspot.com/edit/4889700582031360?execute">here</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="_conclusion">Conclusion</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>We have had a quick look at some of Groovy’s basic collection processing |
| functionality. We’ve really only touched the surface. Take a look at |
| an earlier blog post giving a Groovy list processing |
| <a href="https://groovy.apache.org/blog/groovy-list-processing-cheat-sheet">cheat sheet</a> |
| if you want to see a whole lot more methods. |
| Also, we highly recommend you try out all of the Eclipse Collections |
| examples in Donald’s original post using Groovy.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
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