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| <h1>1 Introduction</h1> |
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| <p><strong>Version:</strong> 4.0.4</p> |
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| <h2>Table of Contents</h2> |
| |
| <div class="toc-item" style="margin-left:0px"><a href="#whatsNew"><strong>1.1</strong><span>What's new in Grails 4?</span></a> |
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| <div class="toc-item" style="margin-left:10px"><a href="#dependencyUpgrades"><strong>1.1.1</strong><span>Updated Dependencies</span></a> |
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| <div class="toc-item" style="margin-left:10px"><a href="#micronautSupport"><strong>1.1.2</strong><span>Micronaut Parent Context</span></a> |
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| <h1 id="introduction">1 Introduction</h1> |
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| <p>Many modern web frameworks in the Java space are more complicated than needed and don’t embrace the Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) principles.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Dynamic frameworks like Rails and Django helped pave the way to a more modern way of thinking about web applications. Grails builds on these concepts and dramatically reduces the complexity of building web applications on the Java platform. What makes it different, however, is that it does so by building on already established Java technologies like Spring and Hibernate.</p> |
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| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Grails is a full stack framework and attempts to solve as many pieces of the web development puzzle through the core technology and its associated plugins. Included out the box are things like:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><a href="https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/grails-data/">GORM</a> - An easy to use Object Mapping library with support for <a href="https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/grails-data/hibernate5/manual/">SQL</a>, <a href="https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/grails-data/mongodb/manual/">MongoDB</a>, <a href="https://grails.apache.org/docs-legacy-gorm/latest/neo4j">Neo4j</a> and <a href="https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/grails-data/">more</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>View technologies for <a href="https://gsp.grails.org">rendering HTML</a> as well as <a href="http://views.grails.org">JSON</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A controller layer built on <a href="http://www.spring.io">Spring Boot</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>A plugin system featuring <a href="http://plugins.grails.org">hundreds of plugins</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Flexible profiles to <a href="http://start.grails.org/#/index">create applications with AngularJS, React and more</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>An interactive command line environment and build system based on <a href="http://gradle.org">Gradle</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>An embedded <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org">Tomcat</a> container which is configured for on the fly reloading</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>All of these are made easy to use through the power of the <a href="http://groovy-lang.org">Groovy</a> language and the extensive use of Domain Specific Languages (DSLs)</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>This documentation will take you through getting started with Grails and building web applications with the Grails framework.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In addition to this documentation there are <a href="http://guides.grails.org">comprehensive guides</a> that walk you through various aspects of the technology.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Finally, Grails is far more than just a web framework and is made up of various sub-projects. The following table summarizes some other key projects in the eco-system with links to documentation.</p> |
| </div> |
| <table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread"> |
| <caption class="title">Table 1. Grails Ecosystem Projects</caption> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| <col style="width: 50%;"> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Project</th> |
| <th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/grails-data/hibernate5/manual/">GORM for Hibernate</a></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">An Object Mapping implementation for SQL databases</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/grails-data/mongodb/manual/">GORM for MongoDB</a></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">An Object Mapping implementation for the MongoDB Document Database</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://grails.apache.org/docs-legacy-gorm/latest/neo4j">GORM for Neo4j</a></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">An Object Mapping implementation for Neo4j Graph Database</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="http://views.grails.org">JSON Views</a></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">A View technology for rendering JSON on the server side</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="http://gsp.grails.org">Groovy Server Pages</a></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">A View technology for rendering HTML and other markup on the server</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://grails.apache.org/docs/latest/guide/async.html">Async Framework</a></p></td> |
| <td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Asynchronous programming abstraction with support for RxJava, GPars and more</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
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| <h2 id="whatsNew">1.1 What's new in Grails 4?</h2> |
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| <p>Grails 4 ships with the following dependency upgrades:</p> |
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| <li> |
| <p>Groovy 2.5.6</p> |
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| <p>GORM 7 and Hibernate 5.4 (now the default version of Hibernate for new applications)</p> |
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| <p>Spring Framework 5.1.5</p> |
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| <p>Spring Boot 2.1.3</p> |
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| <p>Gradle 5.1.1</p> |
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| <p>Spock 1.2</p> |
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| <p><a href="https://micronaut.io">Micronaut</a> is now the parent application context of Grails thus allowing using many Micronaut features including the Micronaut <a href="https://docs.micronaut.io/latest/guide/index.html#httpClient">HTTP Client</a> and <a href="https://micronaut-projects.github.io/micronaut-kafka/latest/guide/">Kafka Client</a>.</p> |
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| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Micronaut has also been used to improve startup and reduce overall memory consumption of Grails applications (along with associated improvements in Spring Boot 2.1).</p> |
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| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Constraints/notEqual.html">notEqual</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Constraints/nullable.html">nullable</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Constraints/range.html">range</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Constraints/scale.html">scale</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Constraints/size.html">size</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Constraints/unique.html">unique</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Constraints/url.html">url</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Constraints/validator.html">validator</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Constraints/widget.html">widget</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-block"><h1 class="menu-title" onclick="toggleRef(this.parentNode.childNodes[1])">Controllers</h1><div class="menu-sub"> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/Usage.html">Usage</a></div> |
| |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/actionName.html">actionName</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/allowedMethods.html">allowedMethods</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/bindData.html">bindData</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/chain.html">chain</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/controllerName.html">controllerName</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/defaultAction.html">defaultAction</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/errors.html">errors</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/flash.html">flash</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/forward.html">forward</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/grailsApplication.html">grailsApplication</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/hasErrors.html">hasErrors</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/header.html">header</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/namespace.html">namespace</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/params.html">params</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/redirect.html">redirect</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/render.html">render</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/request.html">request</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/respond.html">respond</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/response.html">response</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/responseFormats.html">responseFormats</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/scope.html">scope</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/servletContext.html">servletContext</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/session.html">session</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/withForm.html">withForm</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Controllers/withFormat.html">withFormat</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-block"><h1 class="menu-title" onclick="toggleRef(this.parentNode.childNodes[1])">Database Mapping</h1><div class="menu-sub"> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/Usage.html">Usage</a></div> |
| |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/autoImport.html">autoImport</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/autoTimestamp.html">autoTimestamp</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/batchSize.html">batchSize</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/cache.html">cache</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/cascade.html">cascade</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/column.html">column</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/comment.html">comment</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/discriminator.html">discriminator</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/dynamicInsert.html">dynamicInsert</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/dynamicUpdate.html">dynamicUpdate</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/fetch.html">fetch</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/id.html">id</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/ignoreNotFound.html">ignoreNotFound</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/indexColumn.html">indexColumn</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/insertable.html">insertable</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/joinTable.html">joinTable</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/lazy.html">lazy</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/order.html">order</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/sort.html">sort</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/table.html">table</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/type.html">type</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/updateable.html">updateable</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Database%20Mapping/version.html">version</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-block"><h1 class="menu-title" onclick="toggleRef(this.parentNode.childNodes[1])">Domain Classes</h1><div class="menu-sub"> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/Usage.html">Usage</a></div> |
| |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/addTo.html">addTo</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/attach.html">attach</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/belongsTo.html">belongsTo</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/clearErrors.html">clearErrors</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/constraints.html">constraints</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/count.html">count</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/countBy.html">countBy</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/createCriteria.html">createCriteria</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/delete.html">delete</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/discard.html">discard</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/embedded.html">embedded</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/errors.html">errors</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/executeQuery.html">executeQuery</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/executeUpdate.html">executeUpdate</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/exists.html">exists</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/fetchMode.html">fetchMode</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/find.html">find</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/findAll.html">findAll</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/findAllBy.html">findAllBy</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/findAllWhere.html">findAllWhere</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/findBy.html">findBy</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/findOrCreateBy.html">findOrCreateBy</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/findOrCreateWhere.html">findOrCreateWhere</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/findOrSaveBy.html">findOrSaveBy</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/findOrSaveWhere.html">findOrSaveWhere</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/findWhere.html">findWhere</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/first.html">first</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/get.html">get</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/getAll.html">getAll</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/getDirtyPropertyNames.html">getDirtyPropertyNames</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/getPersistentValue.html">getPersistentValue</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/hasErrors.html">hasErrors</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/hasMany.html">hasMany</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/hasOne.html">hasOne</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/ident.html">ident</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/instanceOf.html">instanceOf</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/isAttached.html">isAttached</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/isDirty.html">isDirty</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/last.html">last</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/list.html">list</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/listOrderBy.html">listOrderBy</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/load.html">load</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/lock.html">lock</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/mapWith.html">mapWith</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/mappedBy.html">mappedBy</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/mapping.html">mapping</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/merge.html">merge</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/namedQueries.html">namedQueries</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/properties.html">properties</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/read.html">read</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/refresh.html">refresh</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/removeFrom.html">removeFrom</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/save.html">save</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/transients.html">transients</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/validate.html">validate</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/where.html">where</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/whereAny.html">whereAny</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/withCriteria.html">withCriteria</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/withNewSession.html">withNewSession</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/withSession.html">withSession</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Domain%20Classes/withTransaction.html">withTransaction</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-block"><h1 class="menu-title" onclick="toggleRef(this.parentNode.childNodes[1])">Plug-ins</h1><div class="menu-sub"> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/Usage.html">Usage</a></div> |
| |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/URL%20mappings.html">URL mappings</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/codecs.html">codecs</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/controllers.html">controllers</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/core.html">core</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/dataSource.html">dataSource</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/domainClasses.html">domainClasses</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/hibernate.html">hibernate</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/i18n.html">i18n</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/logging.html">logging</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/scaffolding.html">scaffolding</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/services.html">services</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Plug-ins/servlets.html">servlets</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-block"><h1 class="menu-title" onclick="toggleRef(this.parentNode.childNodes[1])">Services</h1><div class="menu-sub"> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Services/Usage.html">Usage</a></div> |
| |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Services/scope.html">scope</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Services/transactional.html">transactional</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-block"><h1 class="menu-title" onclick="toggleRef(this.parentNode.childNodes[1])">Servlet API</h1><div class="menu-sub"> |
| |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Servlet%20API/request.html">request</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Servlet%20API/response.html">response</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Servlet%20API/servletContext.html">servletContext</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="menu-item"><a href="../ref/Servlet%20API/session.html">session</a> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
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