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| <h1 class="content-header header-section1" id="xgui_expose_dom" itemprop="headline">The DOM tree</h1> |
| </div></div><p>We will use this XML document for the examples:</p><a name="misc.example.bookXml"></a> |
| |
| <div class="code-block role-unspecified"> |
| <pre class="code-block-body"><book> |
| <title>Test Book</title> |
| <chapter> |
| <title>Ch1</title> |
| <para>p1.1</para> |
| <para>p1.2</para> |
| <para>p1.3</para> |
| </chapter> |
| <chapter> |
| <title>Ch2</title> |
| <para>p2.1</para> |
| <para>p2.2</para> |
| </chapter> |
| </book></pre> </div> |
| <p>W3C DOM models an XML document as a tree of nodes. The node tree |
| of the above XML can be visualized as:</p> |
| |
| <div class="code-block role-unspecified"> |
| <pre class="code-block-body">document |
| | |
| +- element book |
| | |
| +- text "\n " |
| | |
| +- element title |
| | | |
| | +- text "Test Book" |
| | |
| +- text "\n " |
| | |
| +- element chapter |
| | | |
| | +- text "\n " |
| | | |
| | +- element title |
| | | | |
| | | +- text "Ch1" |
| | | |
| | +- text "\n " |
| | | |
| | +- element para |
| | | | |
| | | +- text "p1.1" |
| | | |
| | +- text "\n " |
| | | |
| | +- element para |
| | | | |
| | | +- text "p1.2" |
| | | |
| | +- text "\n " |
| | | |
| | +- element para |
| | | |
| | +- text "p1.3" |
| | |
| +- element |
| | |
| +- text "\n " |
| | |
| +- element title |
| | | |
| | +- text "Ch2" |
| | |
| +- text "\n " |
| | |
| +- element para |
| | | |
| | +- text "p2.1" |
| | |
| +- text "\n " |
| | |
| +- element para |
| | |
| +- text "p2.2"</pre> </div> |
| <p>Note that the disturbing <code class="inline-code">"\n "</code>-s are the |
| line-breaks (indicated here with <code class="inline-code">\n</code>, an escape |
| sequence used in FTL string literals) and the indentation spaces |
| between the tags.</p><p>Notes on the DOM related terminology:</p><ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>The topmost node of a tree is called the <strong>root</strong>. In the case of XML documents, it is |
| always the "document" node, and not the top-most |
| element (<code class="inline-code">book</code> in this example).</p> |
| </li> |
| |
| <li> |
| <p>We say that node B is the <strong>child</strong> of node A, if B is the |
| <em>immediate</em> descendant of A. For example, the |
| two <code class="inline-code">chapter</code> element nodes are the children of |
| the <code class="inline-code">book</code> element node, but the |
| <code class="inline-code">para</code> element nodes are not.</p> |
| </li> |
| |
| <li> |
| <p>We say that node A is the <strong>parent</strong> of node B, if A is the |
| <em>immediate</em> ascendant of node B, that is, if B |
| is the children of A. For example, the <code class="inline-code">book</code> |
| element node is the parent of the two <code class="inline-code">chapter</code> |
| element nodes, but it is not the parent of the |
| <code class="inline-code">para</code> element nodes.</p> |
| </li> |
| |
| <li> |
| <p>There are several kind of components that can occur in XML |
| documents, such as elements, text, comments, processing |
| instructions, etc. All such components are nodes in the DOM tree, |
| so there are element nodes, text nodes, comment nodes, etc. In |
| principle, the attributes of elements are also nodes in the tree |
| -- they are the children of the element --, but still, usually we |
| (and other XML related technologies) exclude them of element |
| children. So basically they don't count as children nodes.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul><p>The programmer drops the document node of the DOM tree into the |
| FreeMarker data-model, and then the template author can walk the DOM |
| tree using that variable as the starting-point.</p><p>The DOM nodes in FTL correspond to <strong>node |
| variables</strong>. This is a variable type, similarly to type |
| string, number, hash, etc. Node variable type makes it possible for |
| FreeMarker to get the parent node and the child nodes of a node. This |
| is technically required to allow the template author to navigate |
| between the nodes, say, to use the <a href="ref_builtins_node.html">node built-ins</a> or the <a href="ref_directive_visit.html#ref.directive.visit"><code>visit</code></a> and |
| <a href="ref_directive_visit.html#ref.directive.recurse"><code>recurse</code></a> |
| directives; we will show the usage of these in the further |
| chapters.</p><div class="bottom-pagers-wrapper"><div class="pagers bottom"><a class="paging-arrow previous" href="xgui_expose.html"><span>Previous</span></a><a class="paging-arrow next" href="xgui_expose_put.html"><span>Next</span></a></div></div></div></div> </div> |
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