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href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/schema-metadata><span title="Schema 元数据" class=linkLabel_WmDU>Schema 元数据</span></a><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class=menu__link tabindex=0 href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/polymorphism><span title=多态序列化 class=linkLabel_WmDU>多态序列化</span></a><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class=menu__link tabindex=0 href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/custom-serializers><span title=自�定义序列化器 class=linkLabel_WmDU>自定义序列化器</span></a><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class=menu__link tabindex=0 href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/supported-types><span title=支持的类型 class=linkLabel_WmDU>支持的类型</span></a><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item"><a class=menu__link tabindex=0 href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/security><span title=安全 class=linkLabel_WmDU>安全</span></a></ul><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist" tabindex=0 href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/go/><span title=Go class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Go</span></a><button aria-label="展开侧边栏分类 'Go'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist" tabindex=0 href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/rust/><span title=Rust class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Rust</span></a><button aria-label="展开侧边栏分类 'Rust'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn 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theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist" tabindex=0 href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/scala/><span title=Scala class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Scala</span></a><button aria-label="展开侧边栏分类 'Scala'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist" tabindex=0 href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/kotlin/><span title=Kotlin class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Kotlin</span></a><button aria-label="展开侧边栏分类 'Kotlin'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></ul><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" role=button aria-expanded=false href=/zh-CN/docs/next/row-format/><span title=行格式 class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>行格式</span></a></div><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" role=button aria-expanded=false href=/zh-CN/docs/next/json/><span title="Fory JSON" class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Fory JSON</span></a></div><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" role=button aria-expanded=false href=/zh-CN/docs/next/compiler/><span title="Fory IDL 与编译器" class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Fory IDL 与编译器</span></a></div><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" role=button aria-expanded=false href=/zh-CN/docs/next/grpc/><span title="Fory gRPC" class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Fory gRPC</span></a></div><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" role=button aria-expanded=false href=/zh-CN/docs/next/development/><span title=开发 class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>开发</span></a></div></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class=docMainContainer_TBSr><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class=row><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role=alert><div>此为 <!-- -->Apache Fory™<!-- --> <b>dev</b> 版尚未发行的文档。</div><div class=margin-top--md>最新的文档请参阅 <b><a href=/zh-CN/docs/object-serialization/cpp/native>最新版本</a></b> (<!-- -->1.6.0<!-- -->)。</div></div><div class=docItemContainer_Djhp><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label=页面路径><ul class=breadcrumbs><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a aria-label=主页面 class=breadcrumbs__link href=/zh-CN/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>对象序列化</span><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a class=breadcrumbs__link href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/><span>C++</span></a><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link>原生序列化</span></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">版本：dev</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">本页总览</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>原生序列化</h1></header><p>C++ 原生序列化是通过 <code>.xlang(false)</code> 选择、仅限 C++ 的编码模式。当所有写入端和读取端都是 C++，并且载荷应遵循 C++ 类型行为而非可移植的跨语言类型系统时，请使用该模式。</p> |
| <p>如果字节需要由 Java、Python、Go、Rust、JavaScript/TypeScript、C#、Swift、Dart、Scala、Kotlin 或其他非 C++ Fory 实现读取，请使用 C++ 默认模式<a class="" href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/basic-serialization#cross-language-interoperability>跨语言序列化</a>。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=何时使用原生序列化>何时使用原生序列化<a href=#何时使用原生序列化 class=hash-link aria-label=何时使用原生序列化的直接链接 title=何时使用原生序列化的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>以下场景使用原生序列化：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">载荷仅由 C++ 应用程序生成和消费。</li> |
| <li class="">数据模型使用字符类型、无符号原生类型 ID、<code>std::tuple</code>、智能指针或 C++ 多态模型等 C++ 专属类型。</li> |
| <li class="">希望获得更快的序列化和更小的体积，并且每个读取端都使用与写入端相同的 Schema。</li> |
| <li class="">C++ 专属滚动部署需要兼容的 Schema 演进。</li> |
| <li class="">希望在 C++ 边界避免可移植跨语言类型映射的约束。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=创建原生模式-fory-实例>创建原生模式 Fory 实例<a href=#创建原生模式-fory-实例 class=hash-link aria-label="创建原生模式 Fory 实例的直接链接" title="创建原生模式 Fory 实例的直接链接" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token macro property directive-hash" style=color:#36acaa>#</span><span class="token macro property directive keyword" style=color:#00009f>include</span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa> </span><span class="token macro property string" style=color:#e3116c>"fory/serialization/fory.h"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property directive-hash" style=color:#36acaa>#</span><span class="token macro property directive keyword" style=color:#00009f>include</span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa> </span><span class="token macro property string" style=color:#e3116c><cassert></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property directive-hash" style=color:#36acaa>#</span><span class="token macro property directive keyword" style=color:#00009f>include</span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa> </span><span class="token macro property string" style=color:#e3116c><cstdint></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property directive-hash" style=color:#36acaa>#</span><span class="token macro property directive keyword" style=color:#00009f>include</span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa> </span><span class="token macro property string" style=color:#e3116c><string></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>using</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>namespace</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token plain">serialization</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>struct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Order</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>int64_t</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>double</span><span class="token plain"> amount</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>bool</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>operator</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>const</span><span class="token plain"> Order </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&</span><span class="token plain">other</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>return</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token plain"> other</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">id </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&&</span><span class="token plain"> amount </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token plain"> other</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">amount</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>FORY_STRUCT</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">Order</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> amount</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>main</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>register_struct</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name">Order</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>100</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> Order order</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>42.5</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> bytes </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">order</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> decoded </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name">Order</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>assert</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">order </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token plain"> decoded</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>每个线程使用一个已配置的 <code>Fory</code> 实例；如果多个线程共享同一实例，则构建线程安全的 Fory 实例：</p> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>track_ref</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build_thread_safe</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>在并发序列化开始前注册类型。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=schema-演进>Schema 演进<a href=#schema-演进 class=hash-link aria-label="Schema 演进的直接链接" title="Schema 演进的直接链接" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>原生序列化默认使用兼容模式。当仅限 C++ 的写入端和读取端 Schema 可能不同时，请保留该默认设置：</p> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>兼容模式写入 Schema 元数据，因此在字段标识保持兼容时，读取端可以容忍字段新增、删除或重排。参见 <a class="" href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/schema-evolution>Schema 演进</a>。</p> |
| <p>只有每个读取端和写入端始终使用相同的 C++ Schema 时，才设置 <code>.compatible(false)</code> 以获得更快的序列化和更小的体积。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=注册>注册<a href=#注册 class=hash-link aria-label=注册的直接链接 title=注册的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>序列化前使用稳定的 ID 或名称注册结构体：</p> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>register_struct</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name">Order</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>100</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>register_struct</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name">Order</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"example.Order"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>紧凑载荷使用数字 ID。当独立团队通过名称协调类型标识时使用名称注册；必要时使用 <code>.</code> 添加命名空间前缀。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=c-对象范围>C++ 对象范围<a href=#c-对象范围 class=hash-link aria-label="C++ 对象范围的直接链接" title="C++ 对象范围的直接链接" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>原生序列化支持以下 C++ 专属对象范围：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">由 <code>FORY_STRUCT</code> 描述的结构体和类。</li> |
| <li class=""><code>std::vector</code>、<code>std::map</code>、<code>std::unordered_map</code>、<code>std::set</code> 和 <code>std::unordered_set</code> 等标准容器。</li> |
| <li class=""><code>std::optional</code>、<code>std::variant</code> 和类似元组的值。</li> |
| <li class=""><code>std::shared_ptr</code> 和 <code>std::unique_ptr</code>。</li> |
| <li class=""><code>char</code>、<code>char16_t</code> 和 <code>char32_t</code> 等字符类型。</li> |
| <li class="">使用原生模式类型 ID 的无符号整数类型。</li> |
| <li class="">通过 C++ 实现注册的多态序列化。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>完整类型范围和跨语言映射说明参见<a class="" href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/supported-types>支持的类型</a>。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=引用与智能指针>引用与智能指针<a href=#引用与智能指针 class=hash-link aria-label=引用与智能指针的直接链接 title=引用与智能指针的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>原生序列化支持智能指针和引用跟踪：</p> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>track_ref</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>启用引用跟踪后，可以保留共享指针标识，并通过支持的指针模式表示循环对象图。如果标识不属于模型的一部分，请对值形态数据禁用引用跟踪。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=仅限原生模式的标量形态>仅限原生模式的标量形态<a href=#仅限原生模式的标量形态 class=hash-link aria-label=仅限原生模式的标量形态的直接链接 title=仅限原生模式的标量形态的直接链��接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>某些 C++ 标量形态不是可移植的跨语言载荷。当这些形态必须作为 C++ 值往返时，请使用原生序列化：</p> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> char_bytes </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>char32_t</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain">U</span><span class="token char">'A'</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> value </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name keyword" style=color:#00009f>char32_t</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">char_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> unsigned_bytes </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>uint64_t</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>42</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> unsigned_value </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name keyword" style=color:#00009f>uint64_t</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">unsigned_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>对于跨语言载荷，请使用元数据和共享跨语言类型映射，不要依赖仅限 C++ 原生模式的类型 ID。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=性能指南>性能指南<a href=#性能指南 class=hash-link aria-label=性能指南的直接链接 title=性能指南的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">复用已配置的 <code>Fory</code> 实例。</li> |
| <li class="">每个线程使用单线程 <code>Fory</code> 可获得最快路径；共享并发使用时采用 <code>build_thread_safe()</code>。</li> |
| <li class="">只有每个读取端和写入端始终使用相同 C++ Schema，且应用希望获得更快序列化和更小体积时，才使用 <code>.compatible(false)</code>。</li> |
| <li class="">使用显式数字 ID 注册结构体以获得紧凑载荷。</li> |
| <li class="">对值形态对象图禁用引用跟踪。</li> |
| <li class="">热路径上优先使用具体类型，而非多态/动态字段。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=原生模式与跨语言模式对比>原生模式与跨语言模式对比<a href=#原生模式与跨语言模式对比 class=hash-link aria-label=原生模式与跨语言模式对比的直接链接 title=原生模式与跨语言模式对比的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <table><thead><tr><th>需求<th>使用原生序列化<th>使用跨语言序列化<tbody><tr><td>仅限 C++ 的载荷<td>是<td>可选<tr><td>非 C++ 读取端或写入端<td>否<td>是<tr><td>C++ 原生字符和无符号形态<td>是<td>有限<tr><td>智能指针和 C++ 对象图<td>是<td>有限<tr><td>相同 Schema 的紧凑载荷<td>是<td>否<tr><td>默认支持兼容 Schema 演进<td>是<td>是<tr><td>跨语言可移植类型映射<td>否<td>是</table> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=故障排查>故障排查<a href=#故障排查 class=hash-link aria-label=故障排查的直接链接 title=故障排查的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=非-c-实现无法读取载荷>非 C++ 实现无法读取载荷<a href=#非-c-实现无法读取载荷 class=hash-link aria-label="非 C++ 实现无法读取载荷的直接链接" title="非 C++ 实现无法读取载荷的直接链接" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>写入端使用了原生序列化。请使用 <code>.xlang(true)</code> 重新构建，并与每个对等端对齐类型注册。</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=字段变更后滚动部署失败>字段变更后滚动部署失败<a href=#字段变更后滚动部署失败 class=hash-link aria-label=字段变更后滚动部署失败的直接链接 title=字段变更后滚动部署失败的直接链接 translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>原生序列化默认使用兼容模式。当 Schema 可能不同时，请保留该默认设置。</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=仅限原生模式的标量无法映射到其他语言>仅限原生模式的标量无法映射到其他语言<a href=#仅限原生模式的标量无法映射到其他语言 class=hash-link aria-label=仅限原生模式的标量无法映射到其他语言的直接链接 title=仅限原生模式的标量无法映射到其他语言的直接链接 translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>可移植载荷请使用带显式元数据的跨语言序列化。原生 C++ 类型 ID 仅供 C++ 读取端使用。</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=共享指针对象图丢失标识>共享指针对象图丢失标识<a href=#共享指针对象图丢失标识 class=hash-link aria-label=共享指针对象图丢失标识的直接链接 title=共享指针对象图丢失标识的直接链接 translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>启用 <code>.track_ref(true)</code>，并确认对象图使用支持的指针模式。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=相关主题>相关主题<a href=#相关主题 class=hash-link aria-label=相关主题的直接链接 title=相关主题的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/basic-serialization#cross-language-interoperability>跨语言序列化</a> - 跨语言 C++ 载荷</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/configuration>配置</a> - 构建器选项</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/basic-serialization>基本序列化</a> - 对象图序列化</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/supported-types>支持的类型</a> - C++ 类型支持</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/polymorphism>多态序列化</a> - 多态对象模型</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/schema-evolution>Schema 演进</a> - 兼容模式</li> |
| </ul></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="row margin-top--sm theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row"><div class="col noPrint_WFHX"><a href=https://github.com/apache/fory-site/tree/main/i18n/zh-CN/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/object-serialization/cpp/native.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class=theme-edit-this-page><svg fill=currentColor height=20 width=20 viewBox="0 0 40 40" class=iconEdit_Z9Sw aria-hidden=true><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"/></g></svg>编辑此页</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_JAkA"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="docusaurus-mt-lg pagination-nav" aria-label=文件选项卡><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href=/zh-CN/docs/next/object-serialization/cpp/basic-serialization><div class=pagination-nav__sublabel>上一页</div><div class=pagination-nav__label>基础序列化</div></a><a 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toc-highlight">性能指南</a><li><a href=#原生模式与跨语言模式对比 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">原生模式与跨语言模式对比</a><li><a href=#故障排查 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">故障排查</a><ul><li><a href=#非-c-实现无法读取载荷 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">非 C++ 实现无法读取载荷</a><li><a href=#字段变更后滚动部署失败 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">字段变更后滚动部署失败</a><li><a href=#仅限原生模式的标量无法映射到其他语言 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">仅限原生模式的标量无法映射到其他语言</a><li><a href=#共享指针对象图丢失标识 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">共享指针对象图丢失标识</a></ul><li><a href=#相关主题 class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">相关主题</a></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="theme-layout-footer footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="theme-layout-footer-column col footer__col"><div class=footer__title>社区</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class=footer__item><a 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