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href=/zh-CN/docs/next/guide/xlang/><span title=跨语言 class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>跨语言</span></a><button aria-label="展开侧边栏分类 '跨语言'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></ul></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class=docMainContainer_TBSr><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class=row><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role=alert><div>此为 <!-- -->Apache Fory™<!-- --> <b>dev</b> 版尚未发行的文档。</div><div class=margin-top--md>最新的文档请参阅 <b><a href=/zh-CN/docs/guide/java/compression>最新版本</a></b> (<!-- -->1.3.0<!-- -->)。</div></div><div class=docItemContainer_Djhp><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label=页面路径><ul class=breadcrumbs><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a aria-label=主页面 class=breadcrumbs__link href=/zh-CN/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>用户指南</span><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a class=breadcrumbs__link href=/zh-CN/docs/next/guide/java/><span>Java</span></a><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link>压缩</span></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">版本：dev</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">本页总览</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>压缩</h1></header><p>本页介绍用于减小序列化数据体积的压缩选项。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=整数压缩>整数压缩<a href=#整数压缩 class=hash-link aria-label=整数压缩的直接链接 title=整数压缩的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>可使用 <code>ForyBuilder#withIntCompressed</code> / <code>ForyBuilder#withLongCompressed</code> 对 int / long 进行压缩以减小体积。通常压缩 int 就足够了。</p> |
| <p>这两个压缩选项默认都已启用。如果序列化体积并不重要，例如你之前使用的是不会做压缩的 FlatBuffers，那么应考虑关闭压缩。如果你的数据几乎全是数字，压缩可能带来 80% 的性能回退。</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=int-压缩>Int 压缩<a href=#int-压缩 class=hash-link aria-label="Int 压缩的直接链接" title="Int 压缩的直接链接" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>对于 int 压缩，Fory 使用 1 到 5 个字节进行编码。每个字节的第一位表示后面是否还有下一个字节。如果第一位被置位，就继续读取下一个字节，直到某个字节的第一位未置位为止。</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=long-压缩>Long 压缩<a href=#long-压缩 class=hash-link aria-label="Long 压缩的直接链接" title="Long 压缩的直接链接" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>对于 long 压缩，Fory 支持两种编码方式：</p> |
| <h4 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=slismall-long-as-int编码默认>SLI（Small Long as Int）编码，默认<a href=#slismall-long-as-int编码默认 class=hash-link aria-label="SLI（Small Long as Int）编码，默认的直接链接" title="SLI（Small Long as Int）编码，默认的直接链接" translate=no></a></h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">如果 long 落在 <code>[-1073741824, 1073741823]</code> 范围内，则按 4 字节 int 编码：<code>| little-endian: ((int) value) << 1 |</code></li> |
| <li class="">否则写成 9 字节：<code>| 0b1 | little-endian 8bytes long |</code></li> |
| </ul> |
| <h4 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=pvlprogressive-variable-length-long编码>PVL（Progressive Variable-length Long）编码<a href=#pvlprogressive-variable-length-long编码 class=hash-link aria-label="PVL（Progressive Variable-length Long）编码的直接链接" title="PVL（Progressive Variable-length Long）编码的直接链接" translate=no></a></h4> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">每个字节的第一位表示后面是否还有下一个字节。如果第一位被置位，就继续读取下一个字节，直到某个字节的第一位未置位为止。</li> |
| <li class="">负数会通过 <code>(v << 1) ^ (v >> 63)</code> 转换为正数，以降低小负数的编码成本。</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>如果一个数字虽然是 <code>long</code> 类型，但多数情况下并不能用更小字节数表示，那么压缩效果就不会理想，不值得承担对应的性能成本。如果你发现它没有带来明显的空间收益，可以考虑关闭 long 压缩。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=数组压缩>数组压缩<a href=#数组压缩 class=hash-link aria-label=数组压缩的直接链接 title=数组压缩的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>当原始数组（<code>int[]</code> 和 <code>long[]</code>）中的值可以放入更小的数据类型时，Fory 支持使用 SIMD 加速的数组压缩。该特性要求 Java 16+，并借助 Vector API 获得最佳性能。</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=数组压缩如何工作>数组压缩如何工作<a href=#数组压缩如何工作 class=hash-link aria-label=数组压缩如何工作的直接链接 title=数组压缩如何工作的直接链接 translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>数组压缩会分析数组，判断这些值是否可以用更少字节存储：</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><strong><code>int[]</code> → <code>byte[]</code></strong>：当所有值都落在 [-128, 127] 范围内时，体积减少 75%</li> |
| <li class=""><strong><code>int[]</code> → <code>short[]</code></strong>：当所有值都落在 [-32768, 32767] 范围内时，体积减少 50%</li> |
| <li class=""><strong><code>long[]</code> → <code>int[]</code></strong>：当所有值都可落入 int 范围时，体积减少 50%</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=配置与注册>配置与注册<a href=#配置与注册 class=hash-link aria-label=配置与注册的直接链接 title=配置与注册的直接链接 translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>要启用数组压缩，你必须显式注册对应的序列化器：</p> |
| <div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withLanguage</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token class-name">Language</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token constant" style=color:#36acaa>JAVA</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// 启用 int 数组压缩</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withIntArrayCompressed</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// 启用 long 数组压缩</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withLongArrayCompressed</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// 你必须显式注册压缩数组序列化器</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token class-name">CompressedArraySerializers</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>registerSerializers</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p><strong>注意</strong>：要让压缩数组序列化器可用，依赖中必须包含 <code>fory-simd</code> 模块。</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=maven-依赖>Maven 依赖<a href=#maven-依赖 class=hash-link aria-label="Maven 依赖的直接链接" title="Maven 依赖的直接链接" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <div class="language-xml codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-xml codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>dependency</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>groupId</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain">org.apache.fory</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34></</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>groupId</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>artifactId</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain">fory-simd</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34></</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>artifactId</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>version</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain">1.3.0</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34></</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>version</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34></</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>dependency</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=字符串压缩>字符串压缩<a href=#字符串压缩 class=hash-link aria-label=字符串压缩的直接链接 title=字符串压缩的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>字符串压缩可通过 <code>ForyBuilder#withStringCompressed(true)</code> 启用。该选项默认关闭。</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=配置摘要>配置摘要<a href=#配置摘要 class=hash-link aria-label=配置摘要的直接链接 title=配置摘要的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <table><thead><tr><th>选项<th>描述<th>默认值<tbody><tr><td><code>compressInt</code><td>启用 int 压缩<td><code>true</code><tr><td><code>compressLong</code><td>启用 long 压缩<td><code>true</code><tr><td><code>compressIntArray</code><td>启用 SIMD int 数组压缩（Java 16+）<td><code>false</code><tr><td><code>compressLongArray</code><td>启用 SIMD long 数组压缩（Java 16+）<td><code>false</code><tr><td><code>compressString</code><td>启用字符串压缩<td><code>false</code></table> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=性能注意事项>性能注意事项<a href=#性能注意事项 class=hash-link aria-label=性能注意事项的直接链接 title=性能注意事项的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <ol> |
| <li class=""><strong>数字密集型数据建议关闭压缩</strong>：如果你的数据大多是数字，压缩开销可能并不划算。</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>数组压缩要求 Java 16+</strong>：它依赖 Vector API 实现 SIMD 加速。</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>Long 压缩未必适合大数值</strong>：如果多数 long 无法放进更小表示，请关闭它。</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>字符串压缩存在开销</strong>：仅在字符串高度可压缩时启用。</li> |
| </ol> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=示例配置>示例配置<a href=#示例配置 class=hash-link aria-label=示例配置的直接链接 title=示例配置的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
| <div class="language-java codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-java codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// 主要是数字的数据：关闭压缩</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withLanguage</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token class-name">Language</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token constant" style=color:#36acaa>JAVA</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withIntCompressed</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withLongCompressed</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// 包含数组的混合数据：启用数组压缩</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withLanguage</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token class-name">Language</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token constant" style=color:#36acaa>JAVA</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withIntCompressed</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withLongCompressed</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withIntArrayCompressed</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>withLongArrayCompressed</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token class-name">CompressedArraySerializers</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>registerSerializers</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=相关主题>相关主题<a href=#相关主题 class=hash-link aria-label=相关主题的直接链接 title=相关主题的直接链接 translate=no></a></h2> |
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