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menu__caret"></button></div><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist" tabindex=0 href=/docs/next/guide/xlang/><span title="Cross Language" class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Cross Language</span></a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category 'Cross Language'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></ul></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class=docMainContainer_TBSr><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class=row><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role=alert><div>This is unreleased documentation for <!-- -->Apache Fory™<!-- --> <b>dev</b> version.</div><div class=margin-top--md>For up-to-date documentation, see the <b><a href=/docs/guide/python/basic_serialization>latest version</a></b> (<!-- -->1.3.0<!-- -->).</div></div><div class=docItemContainer_Djhp><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label=Breadcrumbs><ul class=breadcrumbs><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a aria-label="Home page" class=breadcrumbs__link href=/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Guide</span><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a class=breadcrumbs__link href=/docs/next/guide/python/><span>Python</span></a><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Basic Serialization</span></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: dev</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Basic Serialization</h1></header><p>This page covers the Python xlang quickstart. <code>pyfory.Fory()</code> defaults to xlang mode with | |
| compatible schema evolution; examples set <code>xlang=True</code> explicitly so the mode choice is visible.</p> | |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=basic-object-serialization>Basic Object Serialization<a href=#basic-object-serialization class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Basic Object Serialization" title="Direct link to Basic Object Serialization" translate=no></a></h2> | |
| <p>Serialize and deserialize Python objects with a simple API:</p> | |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># Serialize xlang-compatible values</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">data </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">dumps</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"name"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"Alice"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"age"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>30</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"scores"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>95</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>87</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>92</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># Deserialize back to Python object</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">obj </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">loads</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>print</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">obj</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'scores': [95, 87, 92]}</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> | |
| <p><strong>Note</strong>: <code>dumps()</code>/<code>loads()</code> are aliases for <code>serialize()</code>/<code>deserialize()</code>. Both APIs are identical, use whichever feels more intuitive.</p> | |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=custom-class-serialization>Custom Class Serialization<a href=#custom-class-serialization class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Custom Class Serialization" title="Direct link to Custom Class Serialization" translate=no></a></h2> | |
| <p>Use dataclasses and type annotations for stable xlang payloads:</p> | |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>from</span><span class="token plain"> dataclasses </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> dataclass</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>from</span><span class="token plain"> typing </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> List</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> Dict</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation" style=color:#393A34>@dataclass</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> age</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Int32</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> scores</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> List</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token plain">pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Int32</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> metadata</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> Dict</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> ref</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">Person</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"example.Person"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">person </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> Person</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"Bob"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>25</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>88</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>92</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>85</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"team"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"engineering"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">data </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">person</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">result </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>print</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">result</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># Person(name='Bob', age=25, ...)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> | |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=reference-tracking--circular-references>Reference Tracking & Circular References<a href=#reference-tracking--circular-references class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Reference Tracking & Circular References" title="Direct link to Reference Tracking & Circular References" translate=no></a></h2> | |
| <p>Handle repeated references safely when the payload uses xlang-compatible types:</p> | |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">f </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> ref</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">shared </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"shared"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">value </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token plain">shared</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> shared</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">data </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> f</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">result </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> f</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>assert</span><span class="token plain"> result</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>0</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>is</span><span class="token plain"> result</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> | |
| <p>For arbitrary Python object graphs, local classes, functions, and methods, use | |
| <a class="" href=/docs/next/guide/python/native_serialization>Native Serialization</a>.</p> | |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=performance-tips>Performance Tips<a href=#performance-tips class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Performance Tips" title="Direct link to Performance Tips" translate=no></a></h2> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li class=""><strong>Disable <code>ref=True</code> if not needed</strong>: Reference tracking has overhead</li> | |
| <li class=""><strong>Use type_id instead of name</strong>: Integer IDs are faster than string names</li> | |
| <li class=""><strong>Reuse Fory instances</strong>: Create once, use many times</li> | |
| <li class=""><strong>Enable Cython</strong>: Make sure <code>ENABLE_FORY_CYTHON_SERIALIZATION=1</code></li> | |
| </ol> | |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># Good: Reuse instance</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>for</span><span class="token plain"> obj </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>in</span><span class="token plain"> objects</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> data </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">dumps</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">obj</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># Bad: Create new instance each time</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>for</span><span class="token plain"> obj </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>in</span><span class="token plain"> objects</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># Wasteful!</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> data </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">dumps</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">obj</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> | |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=related-topics>Related Topics<a href=#related-topics class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Related Topics" title="Direct link to Related Topics" translate=no></a></h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/next/guide/python/configuration>Configuration</a> - Fory parameters</li> | |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/next/guide/python/type_registration>Type Registration</a> - Registration patterns</li> | |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/next/guide/python/native_serialization>Native Serialization</a> - Functions and lambdas</li> | |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/next/guide/python/out_of_band>Out-of-Band Serialization</a> - Buffer callback APIs</li> | |
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