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'Scala'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist" tabindex=0 href=/docs/guide/kotlin/><span title=Kotlin class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Kotlin</span></a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category 'Kotlin'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist" tabindex=0 href=/docs/guide/xlang/><span title="Cross Language" class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Cross Language</span></a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category 'Cross Language'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></ul></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class=docMainContainer_TBSr><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class=row><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class=docItemContainer_Djhp><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label=Breadcrumbs><ul class=breadcrumbs><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a aria-label="Home page" class=breadcrumbs__link href=/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Guide</span><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a class=breadcrumbs__link href=/docs/guide/csharp/><span>C#</span></a><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Schema Evolution</span></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 1.3.0</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Schema Evolution</h1></header><p>Apache Fory™ C# supports schema evolution in compatible mode. Compatible mode is enabled by default.</p> | |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=compatible-mode>Compatible Mode<a href=#compatible-mode class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Compatible Mode" title="Direct link to Compatible Mode" translate=no></a></h2> | |
| <div class="language-csharp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-csharp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> | |
| <p>Compatible mode writes type metadata that allows readers and writers with different struct definitions to interoperate.</p> | |
| <p>Compatible readers also tolerate selected scalar field type changes when the value is lossless. A | |
| matched field can read between <code>bool</code>, <code>string</code>, numeric scalars, and <code>decimal</code> when the converted | |
| value has the same logical value. Boolean strings must be exactly <code>"0"</code>, <code>"1"</code>, <code>"true"</code>, or | |
| <code>"false"</code>. Numeric strings use finite ASCII decimal syntax without whitespace, a leading plus sign, | |
| Unicode digits, underscores, hexadecimal notation, <code>NaN</code>, or infinities. Numbers and decimals read as | |
| strings use canonical plain decimal text. Nullable fields still compose with these conversions, but | |
| reference-tracked scalar type changes are incompatible. Invalid strings, out-of-range values, and lossy | |
| numeric conversions fail during deserialization.</p> | |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=example-add-a-field>Example: Add a Field<a href=#example-add-a-field class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Example: Add a Field" title="Direct link to Example: Add a Field" translate=no></a></h2> | |
| <div class="language-csharp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-csharp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>using</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace" style=opacity:0.7>Apache</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style=opacity:0.7;color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token namespace" style=opacity:0.7>Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token attribute class-name">ForyStruct</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>sealed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">OneStringField</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token return-type class-name keyword" style=color:#00009f>string</span><span class="token return-type class-name punctuation" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token plain"> F1 </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>get</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>set</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token attribute class-name">ForyStruct</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>sealed</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">TwoStringField</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token return-type class-name keyword" style=color:#00009f>string</span><span class="token plain"> F1 </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>get</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>set</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>string</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Empty</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>public</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token return-type class-name keyword" style=color:#00009f>string</span><span class="token plain"> F2 </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>get</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>set</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>string</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Empty</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token plain"> fory1 </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-method function" style=color:#d73a49>Register</span><span class="token generic-method generic class-name punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-method generic class-name">OneStringField</span><span class="token generic-method generic class-name punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>200</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token plain"> fory2 </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory2</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-method function" style=color:#d73a49>Register</span><span class="token generic-method generic class-name punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-method generic class-name">TwoStringField</span><span class="token generic-method generic class-name punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>200</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token class-name keyword" style=color:#00009f>byte</span><span class="token class-name punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token class-name punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token plain"> payload </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>new</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token constructor-invocation class-name">OneStringField</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> F1 </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"hello"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token class-name">TwoStringField</span><span class="token plain"> evolved </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory2</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-method function" style=color:#d73a49>Deserialize</span><span class="token generic-method generic class-name punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-method generic class-name">TwoStringField</span><span class="token generic-method generic class-name punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">payload</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// F2 falls back to default value on reader side.</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">System</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Diagnostics</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Debug</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Assert</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">evolved</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">F1 </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"hello"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">System</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Diagnostics</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Debug</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Assert</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">evolved</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">F2 </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>string</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Empty</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> | |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=same-schema-optimization>Same-Schema Optimization<a href=#same-schema-optimization class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Same-Schema Optimization" title="Direct link to Same-Schema Optimization" translate=no></a></h2> | |
| <p>Use this only when every reader and writer always uses the same schema and you | |
| want faster serialization and smaller size:</p> | |
| <div class="language-csharp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-csharp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token plain"> sameSchema </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Compatible</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>CheckStructVersion</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> | |
| <p>Because C# uses the xlang wire format only, use <code>Compatible(false)</code> only after verifying that every peer uses the same schema, or when native types are generated from Fory schema IDL. This mode throws on schema hash mismatches.</p> | |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=best-practices>Best Practices<a href=#best-practices class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Best Practices" title="Direct link to Best Practices" translate=no></a></h2> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li class="">Keep compatible mode enabled for independently deployed services.</li> | |
| <li class="">Keep stable type IDs across versions.</li> | |
| <li class="">Add new fields with safe defaults.</li> | |
| <li class="">Use <code>CheckStructVersion(true)</code> with <code>Compatible(false)</code> for intentional same-schema payloads.</li> | |
| </ol> | |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=related-topics>Related Topics<a href=#related-topics class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Related Topics" title="Direct link to Related Topics" translate=no></a></h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/guide/csharp/configuration>Configuration</a></li> | |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/guide/csharp/type_registration>Type Registration</a></li> | |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/guide/csharp/troubleshooting>Troubleshooting</a></li> | |
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