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class=menu__list-item-collapsible><a class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist" tabindex=0 href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/xlang/><span title="Cross Language" class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Cross Language</span></a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category 'Cross Language'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></ul></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class=docMainContainer_TBSr><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class=row><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role=alert><div>This is documentation for <!-- -->Apache Fory™<!-- --> <b>1.1.0</b>, which is no longer actively maintained.</div><div class=margin-top--md>For up-to-date documentation, see the <b><a href=/docs/guide/rust/schema_evolution>latest version</a></b> (<!-- -->1.3.0<!-- -->).</div></div><div class=docItemContainer_Djhp><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label=Breadcrumbs><ul class=breadcrumbs><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a aria-label="Home page" class=breadcrumbs__link href=/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Guide</span><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a class=breadcrumbs__link href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/rust/><span>Rust</span></a><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Schema Evolution</span></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 1.1.0</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Schema Evolution</h1></header><p>Apache Fory™ supports schema evolution in <strong>Compatible mode</strong>, allowing serialization and deserialization peers to have different type definitions.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=compatible-mode>Compatible Mode<a href=#compatible-mode class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Compatible Mode" title="Direct link to Compatible Mode" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Enable schema evolution with <code>compatible(true)</code>:</p> |
| <div class="language-rust codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-rust codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>use</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace" style=opacity:0.7>fory</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style=opacity:0.7;color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>use</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace" style=opacity:0.7>fory</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style=opacity:0.7;color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token class-name">ForyStruct</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>use</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace" style=opacity:0.7>std</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style=opacity:0.7;color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token namespace" style=opacity:0.7>collections</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style=opacity:0.7;color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token class-name">HashMap</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token attribute attr-name" style=color:#00a4db>#[derive(ForyStruct, Debug)]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>struct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-definition class-name">PersonV1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> age</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> address</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token attribute attr-name" style=color:#00a4db>#[derive(ForyStruct, Debug)]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>struct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-definition class-name">PersonV2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> age</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// address removed</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// phone added</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> phone</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Option</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> metadata</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">HashMap</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>mut</span><span class="token plain"> fory1 </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>compatible</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token class-name">PersonV1</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>mut</span><span class="token plain"> fory2 </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>compatible</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory2</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token class-name">PersonV2</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> person_v1 </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">PersonV1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"Alice"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>to_string</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> age</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>30</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> address</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"123 Main St"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>to_string</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// Serialize with V1</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> bytes </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&</span><span class="token plain">person_v1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// Deserialize with V2 - missing fields get default values</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> person_v2</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">PersonV2</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory2</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&</span><span class="token plain">bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa>assert_eq!</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">person_v2</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">name</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"Alice"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa>assert_eq!</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">person_v2</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">age</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>30</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa>assert_eq!</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">person_v2</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">phone</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">None</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=disable-evolution-for-stable-structs>Disable Evolution for Stable Structs<a href=#disable-evolution-for-stable-structs class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Disable Evolution for Stable Structs" title="Direct link to Disable Evolution for Stable Structs" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>If a struct schema is stable and will not change, you can disable evolution for that struct to avoid compatible metadata overhead. Use <code>#[fory(evolving = false)]</code>:</p> |
| <div class="language-rust codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-rust codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>use</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace" style=opacity:0.7>fory</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style=opacity:0.7;color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token class-name">ForyStruct</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token attribute attr-name" style=color:#00a4db>#[derive(ForyStruct)]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token attribute attr-name" style=color:#00a4db>#[fory(evolving = false)]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>struct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-definition class-name">StableMessage</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=schema-evolution-features>Schema Evolution Features<a href=#schema-evolution-features class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Schema Evolution Features" title="Direct link to Schema Evolution Features" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">Add new fields with default values</li> |
| <li class="">Remove obsolete fields (skipped during deserialization)</li> |
| <li class="">Change field nullability (<code>T</code> ↔ <code>Option<T></code>)</li> |
| <li class="">Reorder fields (matched by name, not position)</li> |
| <li class="">Type-safe fallback to default values for missing fields</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=compatibility-rules>Compatibility Rules<a href=#compatibility-rules class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Compatibility Rules" title="Direct link to Compatibility Rules" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">Field names must match (case-sensitive)</li> |
| <li class="">Type changes are not supported (except nullable/non-nullable)</li> |
| <li class="">Nested struct types must be registered on both sides</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=enum-support>Enum Support<a href=#enum-support class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Enum Support" title="Direct link to Enum Support" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Apache Fory™ supports three types of enum variants with full schema evolution in Compatible mode:</p> |
| <p><strong>Variant Types:</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><strong>Unit</strong>: C-style enums (<code>Status::Active</code>)</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>Unnamed</strong>: Tuple-like variants (<code>Message::Pair(String, i32)</code>)</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>Named</strong>: Struct-like variants (<code>Event::Click { x: i32, y: i32 }</code>)</li> |
| </ul> |
| <div class="language-rust codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-rust codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>use</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace" style=opacity:0.7>fory</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style=opacity:0.7;color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">ForyUnion</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token attribute attr-name" style=color:#00a4db>#[derive(ForyUnion, Debug, PartialEq)]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>enum</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-definition class-name">Value</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token attribute attr-name" style=color:#00a4db>#[fory(default)]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Null</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Bool</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>bool</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Number</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>f64</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Text</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>mut</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token class-name">Value</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> value </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"score"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>to_string</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>100</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> bytes </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&</span><span class="token plain">value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> decoded</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Value</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&</span><span class="token plain">bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa>assert_eq!</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> decoded</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>For typed ADT unions whose schema cases are unit or single-payload variants, |
| <code>#[fory(unknown)] Unknown(::fory::UnknownCase)</code> is only the runtime |
| forward-compatibility carrier. It cannot be the default variant, and the union |
| must include at least one real schema case. The marker only selects the carrier |
| and does not add an entry to the schema case table; schema cases use |
| non-negative IDs.</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=enum-schema-evolution>Enum Schema Evolution<a href=#enum-schema-evolution class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Enum Schema Evolution" title="Direct link to Enum Schema Evolution" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>Compatible mode enables robust schema evolution with variant type encoding (2 bits):</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><code>0b0</code> = Unit, <code>0b1</code> = Unnamed, <code>0b10</code> = Named</li> |
| </ul> |
| <div class="language-rust codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-rust codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>use</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace" style=opacity:0.7>fory</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style=opacity:0.7;color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">ForyUnion</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// Old version</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token attribute attr-name" style=color:#00a4db>#[derive(ForyUnion)]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>enum</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-definition class-name">OldEvent</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token attribute attr-name" style=color:#00a4db>#[fory(default)]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Click</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> y</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Scroll</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> delta</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>f64</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// New version - added field and variant</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token attribute attr-name" style=color:#00a4db>#[derive(ForyUnion)]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>enum</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token type-definition class-name">NewEvent</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token attribute attr-name" style=color:#00a4db>#[fory(default)]</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Unknown</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Click</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> y</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>u64</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// Added field</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Scroll</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> delta</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>f64</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">KeyPress</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// New variant</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>mut</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>compatible</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// Serialize with old schema</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> old_bytes </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&</span><span class="token class-name">OldEvent</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token class-name">Click</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>100</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> y</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>200</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// Deserialize with new schema - timestamp gets default value (0)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> new_event</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">NewEvent</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&</span><span class="token plain">old_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa>assert!</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa>matches!</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">new_event</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">NewEvent</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token class-name">Click</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>100</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> y</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>200</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> timestamp</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>0</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p><strong>Evolution capabilities:</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><strong>Unknown variants</strong> → Falls back to default variant</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>Named variant fields</strong> → Add/remove fields (missing fields use defaults)</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>Unnamed variant elements</strong> → Add/remove elements (extras skipped, missing use defaults)</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>Variant type mismatches</strong> → Automatically uses default value for current variant</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p><strong>Best practices:</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">Always mark exactly one union variant with <code>#[fory(default)]</code></li> |
| <li class="">Named variants provide better evolution than unnamed</li> |
| <li class="">Use compatible mode for cross-version communication</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=tuple-support>Tuple Support<a href=#tuple-support class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Tuple Support" title="Direct link to Tuple Support" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Apache Fory™ supports tuples up to 22 elements out of the box with efficient serialization in both compatible and schema-consistent modes.</p> |
| <p><strong>Features:</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">Automatic serialization for tuples from 1 to 22 elements</li> |
| <li class="">Heterogeneous type support (each element can be a different type)</li> |
| <li class="">Schema evolution in Compatible mode (handles missing/extra elements)</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p><strong>Schema modes:</strong></p> |
| <ol> |
| <li class=""><strong>Schema-consistent mode</strong>: Serializes elements sequentially without collection headers for minimal overhead</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>Compatible mode</strong>: Uses collection protocol with type metadata for schema evolution</li> |
| </ol> |
| <div class="language-rust codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-rust codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>use</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token namespace" style=opacity:0.7>fory</span><span class="token namespace punctuation" style=opacity:0.7;color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>mut</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// Tuple with heterogeneous types</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> data</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>bool</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>42</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"hello"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>to_string</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa>vec!</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>2</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>3</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> bytes </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>let</span><span class="token plain"> decoded</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>bool</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Vec</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>i32</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&</span><span class="token plain">bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>?</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa>assert_eq!</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> decoded</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=related-topics>Related Topics<a href=#related-topics class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Related Topics" title="Direct link to Related Topics" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/rust/configuration>Configuration</a> - Enabling compatible mode</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/rust/polymorphism>Polymorphism</a> - Trait objects with schema evolution</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/rust/xlang_serialization>Xlang Serialization</a> - Schema evolution across languages</li> |
| </ul></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="row margin-top--sm theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row"><div class="col noPrint_WFHX"><a href=https://github.com/apache/fory-site/tree/main/docs/guide/rust/schema-evolution.md target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class=theme-edit-this-page><svg fill=currentColor height=20 width=20 viewBox="0 0 40 40" class=iconEdit_Z9Sw aria-hidden=true><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"/></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_JAkA"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="docusaurus-mt-lg pagination-nav" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/rust/polymorphism><div class=pagination-nav__sublabel>Previous</div><div class=pagination-nav__label>Trait Object Serialization</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/rust/custom_serializers><div class=pagination-nav__sublabel>Next</div><div class=pagination-nav__label>Custom Serializers</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href=#compatible-mode class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Compatible Mode</a><ul><li><a href=#disable-evolution-for-stable-structs class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Disable Evolution for Stable Structs</a></ul><li><a href=#schema-evolution-features class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Schema Evolution Features</a><li><a href=#compatibility-rules class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Compatibility Rules</a><li><a href=#enum-support class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Enum Support</a><ul><li><a href=#enum-schema-evolution class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Enum Schema Evolution</a></ul><li><a href=#tuple-support class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Tuple Support</a><li><a href=#related-topics class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Related Topics</a></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="theme-layout-footer footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="theme-layout-footer-column col footer__col"><div class=footer__title>Community</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class=footer__item><a href=https://lists.apache.org/list.html?dev@fory.apache.org target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class=footer__link-item>Mailing list<svg width=13.5 height=13.5 aria-label="(opens in new tab)" class=iconExternalLink_nPIU><use href=#theme-svg-external-link /></svg></a><li class=footer__item><a href=https://join.slack.com/t/fory-project/shared_invite/zt-1u8soj4qc-ieYEu7ciHOqA2mo47llS8A target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class=footer__link-item>Slack<svg width=13.5 height=13.5 aria-label="(opens in new tab)" class=iconExternalLink_nPIU><use href=#theme-svg-external-link /></svg></a><li class=footer__item><a href=https://twitter.com/ApacheFory target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class=footer__link-item>Twitter<svg width=13.5 height=13.5 aria-label="(opens in new tab)" class=iconExternalLink_nPIU><use href=#theme-svg-external-link /></svg></a></ul></div><div class="theme-layout-footer-column col footer__col"><div class=footer__title>Docs</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class=footer__item><a class=footer__link-item href=/docs/start/install>Install</a><li class=footer__item><a class=footer__link-item href=/docs/start/usage>Usage</a><li class=footer__item><a class=footer__link-item href=/docs/introduction/benchmark>Benchmark</a></ul></div><div class="theme-layout-footer-column col footer__col"><div class=footer__title>Repositories</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class=footer__item><a href=https://github.com/apache/fory target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class=footer__link-item>Apache Fory™<svg width=13.5 height=13.5 aria-label="(opens in new tab)" class=iconExternalLink_nPIU><use href=#theme-svg-external-link /></svg></a><li class=footer__item><a href=https://github.com/apache/fory-site target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class=footer__link-item>Website<svg width=13.5 height=13.5 aria-label="(opens in new tab)" class=iconExternalLink_nPIU><use href=#theme-svg-external-link /></svg></a></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class=margin-bottom--sm><a href=https://apache.org/ rel="noopener noreferrer" class=footerLogoLink_BH7S><img src=/img/asf_logo.svg alt="ASF Logo" class="footer__logo themedComponent_mlkZ themedComponent--light_NVdE" width=200 /><img src=/img/asf_logo.svg alt="ASF Logo" class="footer__logo themedComponent_mlkZ themedComponent--dark_xIcU" width=200 /></a></div><div class=footer__copyright><div> |
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