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class=docItemContainer_Djhp><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label=Breadcrumbs><ul class=breadcrumbs><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a aria-label="Home page" class=breadcrumbs__link href=/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Guide</span><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Kotlin</span></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 0.16</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Kotlin Serialization Guide</h1></header><p>Apache Fory™ Kotlin provides optimized serializers for Kotlin types, built on top of Fory Java. Most standard Kotlin types work out of the box with the default Fory Java implementation, while Fory Kotlin adds additional support for Kotlin-specific types.</p> |
| <p>Supported types include:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><code>data class</code> serialization</li> |
| <li class="">Unsigned primitives: <code>UByte</code>, <code>UShort</code>, <code>UInt</code>, <code>ULong</code></li> |
| <li class="">Unsigned arrays: <code>UByteArray</code>, <code>UShortArray</code>, <code>UIntArray</code>, <code>ULongArray</code></li> |
| <li class="">Stdlib types: <code>Pair</code>, <code>Triple</code>, <code>Result</code></li> |
| <li class="">Ranges: <code>IntRange</code>, <code>LongRange</code>, <code>CharRange</code>, and progressions</li> |
| <li class="">Collections: <code>ArrayDeque</code>, empty collections (<code>emptyList</code>, <code>emptyMap</code>, <code>emptySet</code>)</li> |
| <li class=""><code>kotlin.time.Duration</code>, <code>kotlin.text.Regex</code>, <code>kotlin.uuid.Uuid</code></li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=features>Features<a href=#features class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Features" title="Direct link to Features" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Fory Kotlin inherits all features from Fory Java, plus Kotlin-specific optimizations:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><strong>High Performance</strong>: JIT code generation, zero-copy, 20-170x faster than traditional serialization</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>Kotlin Type Support</strong>: Optimized serializers for data classes, unsigned types, ranges, and stdlib types</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>Default Value Support</strong>: Automatic handling of Kotlin data class default parameters during schema evolution</li> |
| <li class=""><strong>Schema Evolution</strong>: Forward/backward compatibility for class schema changes</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>See <a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/java/#features>Java Features</a> for complete feature list.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=installation>Installation<a href=#installation class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Installation" title="Direct link to Installation" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=maven>Maven<a href=#maven class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Maven" title="Direct link to Maven" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <div class="language-xml codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-xml codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>dependency</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>groupId</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain">org.apache.fory</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34></</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>groupId</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>artifactId</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain">fory-kotlin</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34></</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>artifactId</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>version</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain">0.16.0</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34></</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>version</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34></</span><span class="token tag" style=color:#00009f>dependency</span><span class="token tag punctuation" style=color:#393A34>></span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=gradle>Gradle<a href=#gradle class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Gradle" title="Direct link to Gradle" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <div class="language-kotlin codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-kotlin codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>implementation</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline string" style=color:#e3116c>"org.apache.fory:fory-kotlin:0.16.0"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=quick-start>Quick Start<a href=#quick-start class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Quick Start" title="Direct link to Quick Start" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <div class="language-kotlin codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-kotlin codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> org</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">apache</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> org</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">apache</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">ThreadSafeFory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> org</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">apache</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">serializer</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">kotlin</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">KotlinSerializers</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>data</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Person</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>val</span><span class="token plain"> name</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>val</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> Long</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>val</span><span class="token plain"> github</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> String</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>data</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Point</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>val</span><span class="token plain"> x</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> Int</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>val</span><span class="token plain"> y</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> Int</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>val</span><span class="token plain"> z</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> Int</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>fun</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>main</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// Create Fory instance (should be reused)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>val</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> ThreadSafeFory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>requireClassRegistration</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>buildThreadSafeFory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// Register Kotlin serializers</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> KotlinSerializers</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>registerSerializers</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic>// Register your classes</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">Person</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>class</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">java</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">Point</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>class</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">java</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>val</span><span class="token plain"> p </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Person</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token string-literal singleline string" style=color:#e3116c>"Shawn Yang"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string-literal singleline string" style=color:#e3116c>"https://github.com/chaokunyang"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>println</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">p</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>println</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>Point</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>2</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>3</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=built-on-fory-java>Built on Fory Java<a href=#built-on-fory-java class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Built on Fory Java" title="Direct link to Built on Fory Java" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Fory Kotlin is built on top of Fory Java. Most configuration options, features, and concepts from Fory Java apply directly to Kotlin. Refer to the Java documentation for:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/java/configuration>Configuration</a> - All ForyBuilder options</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/java/basic_serialization>Basic Serialization</a> - Serialization patterns and APIs</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/java/type_registration>Type Registration</a> - Class registration and security</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/java/schema_evolution>Schema Evolution</a> - Forward/backward compatibility</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/java/custom_serializers>Custom Serializers</a> - Implement custom serializers</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/java/compression>Compression</a> - Int, long, and string compression</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/java/troubleshooting>Troubleshooting</a> - Common issues and solutions</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=kotlin-specific-documentation>Kotlin-Specific Documentation<a href=#kotlin-specific-documentation class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Kotlin-Specific Documentation" title="Direct link to Kotlin-Specific Documentation" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/kotlin/fory_creation>Fory Creation</a> - Kotlin-specific Fory setup requirements</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/kotlin/type_serialization>Type Serialization</a> - Serializing Kotlin types</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/0.16/guide/kotlin/default_values>Default Values</a> - Kotlin data class default values support</li> |
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