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class=docItemContainer_Djhp><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label=Breadcrumbs><ul class=breadcrumbs><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a aria-label="Home page" class=breadcrumbs__link href=/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Guide</span><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a class=breadcrumbs__link href=/docs/guide/cpp/><span>C++</span></a><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Native Serialization</span></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 1.3.0</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Native Serialization</h1></header><p>C++ native serialization is the C++-only wire mode selected with <code>.xlang(false)</code>. Use it when every |
| writer and reader is C++ and the payload should follow C++ type behavior instead of the portable |
| xlang type system.</p> |
| <p>Use <a class="" href=/docs/guide/cpp/xlang_serialization>Xlang Serialization</a>, the default C++ mode, when |
| bytes must be read by Java, Python, Go, Rust, JavaScript/TypeScript, C#, Swift, |
| Dart, Scala, Kotlin, or another non-C++ Fory implementation.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=when-to-use-native-serialization>When To Use Native Serialization<a href=#when-to-use-native-serialization class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to When To Use Native Serialization" title="Direct link to When To Use Native Serialization" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Use native serialization when:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">A payload is produced and consumed only by C++ applications.</li> |
| <li class="">The data model uses C++-specific types such as character types, unsigned-native type IDs, |
| <code>std::tuple</code>, smart pointers, or C++ polymorphic models.</li> |
| <li class="">You want faster serialization and smaller size, and every reader uses the same schema as the |
| writer.</li> |
| <li class="">You need compatible schema evolution for C++-only rolling deployments.</li> |
| <li class="">You want to avoid portable xlang type-mapping constraints for a C++ boundary.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=create-a-native-mode-fory-instance>Create a Native-Mode Fory Instance<a href=#create-a-native-mode-fory-instance class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Create a Native-Mode Fory Instance" title="Direct link to Create a Native-Mode Fory Instance" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token macro property directive-hash" style=color:#36acaa>#</span><span class="token macro property directive keyword" style=color:#00009f>include</span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa> </span><span class="token macro property string" style=color:#e3116c>"fory/serialization/fory.h"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property directive-hash" style=color:#36acaa>#</span><span class="token macro property directive keyword" style=color:#00009f>include</span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa> </span><span class="token macro property string" style=color:#e3116c><cassert></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property directive-hash" style=color:#36acaa>#</span><span class="token macro property directive keyword" style=color:#00009f>include</span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa> </span><span class="token macro property string" style=color:#e3116c><cstdint></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token macro property directive-hash" style=color:#36acaa>#</span><span class="token macro property directive keyword" style=color:#00009f>include</span><span class="token macro property" style=color:#36acaa> </span><span class="token macro property string" style=color:#e3116c><string></span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>using</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>namespace</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token plain">serialization</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>struct</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Order</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>int64_t</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>double</span><span class="token plain"> amount</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>bool</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>operator</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>const</span><span class="token plain"> Order </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&</span><span class="token plain">other</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>return</span><span class="token plain"> id </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token plain"> other</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">id </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>&&</span><span class="token plain"> amount </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token plain"> other</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">amount</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>FORY_STRUCT</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">Order</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> id</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> amount</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>main</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>register_struct</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name">Order</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>100</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> Order order</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>1</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>42.5</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> bytes </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">order</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> decoded </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name">Order</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>assert</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">order </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token plain"> decoded</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>Use one configured <code>Fory</code> instance per thread, or build a thread-safe Fory instance when the same instance |
| is shared by multiple threads:</p> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>track_ref</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build_thread_safe</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>Register types before concurrent serialization starts.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=schema-evolution>Schema Evolution<a href=#schema-evolution class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Schema Evolution" title="Direct link to Schema Evolution" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Native serialization defaults to compatible mode. Keep that default when C++-only writer and reader |
| schemas can differ:</p> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>Compatible mode writes schema metadata so readers can tolerate added, removed, or reordered fields |
| when field identity remains compatible. See <a class="" href=/docs/guide/cpp/schema_evolution>Schema Evolution</a>.</p> |
| <p>For faster serialization and smaller size, set <code>.compatible(false)</code> only when |
| every reader and writer always uses the same C++ schema.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=registration>Registration<a href=#registration class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Registration" title="Direct link to Registration" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Register structs with stable IDs or names before serialization:</p> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>register_struct</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name">Order</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>100</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>register_struct</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name">Order</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"example.Order"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>Use numeric IDs for compact payloads. Use name registration when independent teams coordinate type |
| identity by names; add a namespace prefix with <code>.</code> when needed.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=c-object-surface>C++ Object Surface<a href=#c-object-surface class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to C++ Object Surface" title="Direct link to C++ Object Surface" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Native serialization owns the C++-specific object surface:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">Structs and classes described by <code>FORY_STRUCT</code>.</li> |
| <li class="">Standard containers such as <code>std::vector</code>, <code>std::map</code>, <code>std::unordered_map</code>, <code>std::set</code>, and |
| <code>std::unordered_set</code>.</li> |
| <li class=""><code>std::optional</code>, <code>std::variant</code>, and tuple-like values.</li> |
| <li class=""><code>std::shared_ptr</code> and <code>std::unique_ptr</code>.</li> |
| <li class="">Character types such as <code>char</code>, <code>char16_t</code>, and <code>char32_t</code>.</li> |
| <li class="">Unsigned integer types with native-mode type IDs.</li> |
| <li class="">Polymorphic serialization registered through the C++ implementation.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Use <a class="" href=/docs/guide/cpp/supported_types>Supported Types</a> for the full type surface and xlang mapping notes.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=references-and-smart-pointers>References And Smart Pointers<a href=#references-and-smart-pointers class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to References And Smart Pointers" title="Direct link to References And Smart Pointers" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Native serialization supports smart pointers and reference tracking:</p> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>track_ref</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>true</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>When reference tracking is enabled, shared pointer identity can be preserved and cyclic object |
| graphs can be represented through supported pointer patterns. Disable reference tracking for |
| value-shaped data when identity is not part of the model.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=native-only-scalar-shapes>Native-Only Scalar Shapes<a href=#native-only-scalar-shapes class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Native-Only Scalar Shapes" title="Direct link to Native-Only Scalar Shapes" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Some C++ scalar shapes are not portable xlang payloads. Use native serialization when these shapes |
| must round-trip as C++ values:</p> |
| <div class="language-cpp codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-cpp codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token double-colon punctuation" style=color:#393A34>::</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>builder</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>false</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>build</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> char_bytes </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>char32_t</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token plain">U</span><span class="token char">'A'</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> value </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name keyword" style=color:#00009f>char32_t</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">char_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> unsigned_bytes </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>uint64_t</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>42</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>auto</span><span class="token plain"> unsigned_value </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token generic-function function" style=color:#d73a49>deserialize</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34><</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name keyword" style=color:#00009f>uint64_t</span><span class="token generic-function generic class-name operator" style=color:#393A34>></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">unsigned_bytes</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>value</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>;</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>For xlang payloads, use metadata and the shared xlang type mapping instead of relying on |
| C++ native-only type IDs.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=performance-guidelines>Performance Guidelines<a href=#performance-guidelines class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Performance Guidelines" title="Direct link to Performance Guidelines" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">Reuse configured <code>Fory</code> instances.</li> |
| <li class="">Use single-threaded <code>Fory</code> per thread for the fastest path; use <code>build_thread_safe()</code> for shared |
| concurrent use.</li> |
| <li class="">Use <code>.compatible(false)</code> only when every reader and writer always uses the same C++ schema and |
| the application wants faster serialization and smaller size.</li> |
| <li class="">Register structs with explicit numeric IDs for compact payloads.</li> |
| <li class="">Disable reference tracking for value-shaped graphs.</li> |
| <li class="">Prefer concrete types over polymorphic/dynamic fields on hot paths.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=native-and-xlang-comparison>Native And Xlang Comparison<a href=#native-and-xlang-comparison class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Native And Xlang Comparison" title="Direct link to Native And Xlang Comparison" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <table><thead><tr><th>Requirement<th>Use native serialization<th>Use xlang serialization<tbody><tr><td>C++-only payloads<td>Yes<td>Optional<tr><td>Non-C++ readers or writers<td>No<td>Yes<tr><td>C++ native character and unsigned shapes<td>Yes<td>Limited<tr><td>Smart pointers and C++ object graphs<td>Yes<td>Limited<tr><td>Same-schema compact payloads<td>Yes<td>No<tr><td>Compatible schema evolution by default<td>Yes<td>Yes<tr><td>Portable type mapping across languages<td>No<td>Yes</table> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=troubleshooting>Troubleshooting<a href=#troubleshooting class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Troubleshooting" title="Direct link to Troubleshooting" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=a-non-c-implementation-cannot-read-the-payload>A non-C++ implementation cannot read the payload<a href=#a-non-c-implementation-cannot-read-the-payload class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to A non-C++ implementation cannot read the payload" title="Direct link to A non-C++ implementation cannot read the payload" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>The writer is using native serialization. Rebuild it with <code>.xlang(true)</code> and align type |
| registration with every peer.</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=a-rolling-deployment-fails-after-a-field-change>A rolling deployment fails after a field change<a href=#a-rolling-deployment-fails-after-a-field-change class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to A rolling deployment fails after a field change" title="Direct link to A rolling deployment fails after a field change" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>Native serialization defaults to compatible mode. Keep that default when schemas can differ.</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=a-native-only-scalar-does-not-map-to-another-language>A native-only scalar does not map to another language<a href=#a-native-only-scalar-does-not-map-to-another-language class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to A native-only scalar does not map to another language" title="Direct link to A native-only scalar does not map to another language" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>Use xlang serialization with explicit metadata for portable payloads. Native C++ type IDs |
| are only for C++ readers.</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=a-shared-pointer-graph-loses-identity>A shared pointer graph loses identity<a href=#a-shared-pointer-graph-loses-identity class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to A shared pointer graph loses identity" title="Direct link to A shared pointer graph loses identity" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>Enable <code>.track_ref(true)</code> and verify the graph uses supported pointer patterns.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=related-topics>Related Topics<a href=#related-topics class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Related Topics" title="Direct link to Related Topics" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/guide/cpp/xlang_serialization>Xlang Serialization</a> - Cross-language C++ payloads</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/guide/cpp/configuration>Configuration</a> - Builder options</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/guide/cpp/basic_serialization>Basic Serialization</a> - Object graph serialization</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/guide/cpp/supported_types>Supported Types</a> - C++ type support</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/guide/cpp/polymorphism>Polymorphic Serialization</a> - Polymorphic object models</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/guide/cpp/schema_evolution>Schema Evolution</a> - Compatible mode</li> |
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