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class="categoryLink_byQd menu__link menu__link--sublist" tabindex=0 href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/xlang/><span title="Cross Language" class=categoryLinkLabel_W154>Cross Language</span></a><button aria-label="Expand sidebar category 'Cross Language'" aria-expanded=false type=button class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></ul></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class=docMainContainer_TBSr><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class=row><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="theme-doc-version-banner alert alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role=alert><div>This is documentation for <!-- -->Apache Fory™<!-- --> <b>1.1.0</b>, which is no longer actively maintained.</div><div class=margin-top--md>For up-to-date documentation, see the <b><a href=/docs/guide/python/configuration>latest version</a></b> (<!-- -->1.3.0<!-- -->).</div></div><div class=docItemContainer_Djhp><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label=Breadcrumbs><ul class=breadcrumbs><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a aria-label="Home page" class=breadcrumbs__link href=/><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill=currentColor /></svg></a><li class=breadcrumbs__item><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Guide</span><li class=breadcrumbs__item><a class=breadcrumbs__link href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/python/><span>Python</span></a><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class=breadcrumbs__link>Configuration</span></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 1.1.0</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type=button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Configuration</h1></header><p>This page covers Python runtime configuration. <code>pyfory.Fory()</code> defaults to xlang mode with |
| compatible schema evolution. Native mode is selected explicitly with <code>xlang=False</code> and defaults to |
| schema-consistent payloads.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=fory-class>Fory Class<a href=#fory-class class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Fory Class" title="Direct link to Fory Class" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>The main serialization interface:</p> |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>__init__</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> self</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> xlang</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">bool</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> ref</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">bool</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> strict</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">bool</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> compatible</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> Optional</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token builtin">bool</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>None</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> max_depth</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>50</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> policy</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> DeserializationPolicy </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>None</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> field_nullable</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">bool</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> meta_compressor</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>None</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=threadsafefory-class>ThreadSafeFory Class<a href=#threadsafefory-class class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to ThreadSafeFory Class" title="Direct link to ThreadSafeFory Class" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Thread-safe serialization interface using a pooled wrapper:</p> |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">ThreadSafeFory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>__init__</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> self</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> fory_factory</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>None</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>**</span><span class="token plain">kwargs</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=parameters>Parameters<a href=#parameters class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Parameters" title="Direct link to Parameters" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <table><thead><tr><th>Parameter<th>Type<th>Default<th>Description<tbody><tr><td><code>xlang</code><td><code>bool</code><td><code>True</code><td>Use xlang mode. Set <code>False</code> for Python native mode.<tr><td><code>ref</code><td><code>bool</code><td><code>False</code><td>Enable reference tracking for shared/circular references. Disable for better performance if your data has no shared references.<tr><td><code>strict</code><td><code>bool</code><td><code>True</code><td>Require type registration for security. Keep this enabled for production unless a policy owns trust decisions.<tr><td><code>compatible</code><td><code>bool | None</code><td><code>None</code><td>Schema evolution mode. <code>None</code> follows the wire mode: xlang defaults to compatible mode, while native mode defaults to schema-consistent mode.<tr><td><code>max_depth</code><td><code>int</code><td><code>50</code><td>Maximum deserialization depth for security, preventing stack overflow attacks.<tr><td><code>policy</code><td><code>DeserializationPolicy | None</code><td><code>None</code><td>Deserialization policy used for security checks. Strongly recommended when <code>strict=False</code>.<tr><td><code>field_nullable</code><td><code>bool</code><td><code>False</code><td>Treat dataclass fields as nullable by default.<tr><td><code>meta_compressor</code><td><code>Any</code><td><code>None</code><td>Optional metadata compressor used for compatible-mode metadata encoding.<tr><td><code>fory_factory</code><td><code>Callable | None</code><td><code>None</code><td><code>ThreadSafeFory</code> factory hook. When set, <code>ThreadSafeFory</code> creates instances via this callback; otherwise it forwards <code>**kwargs</code> to <code>Fory</code> construction.</table> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=key-methods>Key Methods<a href=#key-methods class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Key Methods" title="Direct link to Key Methods" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># Serialization (serialize/deserialize are identical to dumps/loads)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">bytes</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">obj</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">obj </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">deserialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># Alternative API (aliases)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">bytes</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">dumps</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">obj</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">obj </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">loads</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">data</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># Type registration by id</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">MyClass</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> type_id</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>123</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">MyClass</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> type_id</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>123</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> serializer</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain">custom_serializer</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style=color:#999988;font-style:italic># Type registration by name</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">MyClass</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> typename</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"my.package.MyClass"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">MyClass</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> typename</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"my.package.MyClass"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> serializer</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain">custom_serializer</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=xlang-and-native-mode-comparison>Xlang And Native Mode Comparison<a href=#xlang-and-native-mode-comparison class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Xlang And Native Mode Comparison" title="Direct link to Xlang And Native Mode Comparison" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <table><thead><tr><th>Feature<th>Native mode (<code>xlang=False</code>)<th>Xlang mode (default)<tbody><tr><td>Use case<td>Python-only applications<td>Multi-language systems<tr><td>Compatibility<td>Python only<td>Java, C++, Go, Rust, JavaScript/TypeScript, C#, Swift, Dart, Scala, Kotlin, etc.<tr><td>Supported types<td>Python object surface<td>Cross-language compatible types<tr><td>Functions/lambdas<td>Supported with trusted dynamic deserialization<td>Not allowed<tr><td>Local classes<td>Supported with trusted dynamic deserialization<td>Not allowed<tr><td>Dynamic classes<td>Supported with trusted dynamic deserialization<td>Not allowed<tr><td>Schema mode default<td>Schema-consistent<td>Compatible</table> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=xlang-mode>Xlang Mode<a href=#xlang-mode class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Xlang Mode" title="Direct link to Xlang Mode" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Xlang mode is the default and restricts payloads to types compatible across Fory runtimes:</p> |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> ref</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">MyDataClass</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> typename</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"com.example.MyDataClass"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">data </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">serialize</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">MyDataClass</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">field1</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"value"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> field2</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>42</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>Use <code>compatible=False</code> only when every xlang peer updates schema together and you want |
| schema-consistent xlang payloads.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=native-mode>Native Mode<a href=#native-mode class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Native Mode" title="Direct link to Native Mode" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> ref</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> strict</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>Native mode supports Python-specific object features such as functions, local classes, methods, |
| <code>__reduce__</code>, and <code>__getstate__</code>. It defaults to schema-consistent mode. Set |
| <code>compatible=True</code> only when Python-only deployments need schema evolution.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=example-configurations>Example Configurations<a href=#example-configurations class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Example Configurations" title="Direct link to Example Configurations" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=xlang-service>Xlang Service<a href=#xlang-service class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Xlang Service" title="Direct link to Xlang Service" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> ref</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> strict</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> max_depth</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>20</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">UserModel</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> typename</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"example.User"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=native-mode-with-dynamic-types>Native Mode With Dynamic Types<a href=#native-mode-with-dynamic-types class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Native Mode With Dynamic Types" title="Direct link to Native Mode With Dynamic Types" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> ref</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> strict</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> max_depth</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>1000</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>Use <code>strict=False</code> only for trusted data, preferably with a <code>policy=</code> deserialization policy.</p> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=security>Security<a href=#security class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Security" title="Direct link to Security" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <p>Treat native-mode bytes from untrusted sources the same way you would treat untrusted pickle bytes. |
| Native mode can reconstruct Python objects, import modules, invoke reduction hooks, and rebuild |
| dynamic classes or functions when <code>strict=False</code>.</p> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=production-configuration>Production Configuration<a href=#production-configuration class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Production Configuration" title="Direct link to Production Configuration" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>Keep <code>strict=True</code> for production payloads unless the whole data source is trusted and a |
| <code>DeserializationPolicy</code> owns the remaining trust decisions:</p> |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> ref</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> strict</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> max_depth</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>50</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">UserModel</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> typename</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"example.User"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">register</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">OrderModel</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> typename</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"example.Order"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>Use dynamic native-mode deserialization (<code>strict=False</code>) only for trusted Python-only payloads:</p> |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> ref</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> strict</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> max_depth</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token number" style=color:#36acaa>100</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=deserializationpolicy>DeserializationPolicy<a href=#deserializationpolicy class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to DeserializationPolicy" title="Direct link to DeserializationPolicy" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <p>When <code>strict=False</code> is necessary, use <code>DeserializationPolicy</code> to restrict the dynamic types and |
| hooks accepted during deserialization:</p> |
| <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style=--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa><div class=codeBlockContent_QJqH><pre tabindex=0 class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style=color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa><code class=codeBlockLines_e6Vv><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>from</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>import</span><span class="token plain"> DeserializationPolicy</span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">dangerous_modules </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"subprocess"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"os"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"__builtin__"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>class</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token class-name">SafeDeserializationPolicy</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">DeserializationPolicy</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>validate_class</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">self</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> cls</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> is_local</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>**</span><span class="token plain">kwargs</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>if</span><span class="token plain"> cls</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">__module__ </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>in</span><span class="token plain"> dangerous_modules</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>raise</span><span class="token plain"> ValueError</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style=color:#e3116c>f"Blocked dangerous class: </span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">cls</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">__module__</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style=color:#e3116c>.</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style=color:#393A34>{</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">cls</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation">__name__</span><span class="token string-interpolation interpolation punctuation" style=color:#393A34>}</span><span class="token string-interpolation string" style=color:#e3116c>"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>intercept_reduce_call</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">self</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> callable_obj</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> args</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>**</span><span class="token plain">kwargs</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">getattr</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">callable_obj</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"__name__"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>""</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>==</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"Popen"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>raise</span><span class="token plain"> ValueError</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"Blocked attempt to invoke subprocess.Popen"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>None</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style=color:#d73a49>intercept_setstate</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">self</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> obj</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>**</span><span class="token plain">kwargs</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>if</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">isinstance</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">state</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">dict</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>and</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"password"</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>in</span><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> state</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>[</span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"password"</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>]</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style=color:#e3116c>"***REDACTED***"</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style=color:#00009f>return</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>None</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain" style=display:inline-block></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">policy </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> SafeDeserializationPolicy</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></div><div class=token-line style=color:#393A34><span class="token plain">fory </span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain"> pyfory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>.</span><span class="token plain">Fory</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>(</span><span class="token plain">xlang</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> ref</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>True</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> strict</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token boolean" style=color:#36acaa>False</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>,</span><span class="token plain"> policy</span><span class="token operator" style=color:#393A34>=</span><span class="token plain">policy</span><span class="token punctuation" style=color:#393A34>)</span><br/></div></code></pre></div></div> |
| <p>Available policy hooks include:</p> |
| <p>Reference validation hooks reject by raising exceptions and otherwise leave deserialized references |
| unchanged.</p> |
| <table><thead><tr><th>Hook<th>Description<tbody><tr><td><code>validate_class(cls, is_local)</code><td>Validate or block class types<tr><td><code>validate_module(module_name, is_local)</code><td>Validate or block module imports<tr><td><code>validate_function(func, is_local)</code><td>Validate or block function references<tr><td><code>validate_method(method, is_local)</code><td>Validate or block method references<tr><td><code>intercept_reduce_call(callable_obj, args)</code><td>Intercept <code>__reduce__</code> invocations<tr><td><code>inspect_reduced_object(obj)</code><td>Inspect or replace objects created via <code>__reduce__</code><tr><td><code>intercept_setstate(obj, state)</code><td>Sanitize state before <code>__setstate__</code><tr><td><code>authorize_instantiation(cls, args, kwargs)</code><td>Control class instantiation</table> |
| <h3 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=security-checklist>Security Checklist<a href=#security-checklist class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Security Checklist" title="Direct link to Security Checklist" translate=no></a></h3> |
| <ul> |
| <li class="">Keep <code>strict=True</code> for untrusted data.</li> |
| <li class="">Register all expected application types before deserialization.</li> |
| <li class="">Use <code>DeserializationPolicy</code> when <code>strict=False</code> is necessary.</li> |
| <li class="">Keep <code>max_depth</code> low enough to reject unexpectedly deep payloads.</li> |
| <li class="">Do not treat xlang/native mode choice as a security control.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 class="anchor anchorTargetStickyNavbar_Vzrq" id=related-topics>Related Topics<a href=#related-topics class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Related Topics" title="Direct link to Related Topics" translate=no></a></h2> |
| <ul> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/python/basic_serialization>Basic Serialization</a> - Using configured Fory</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/python/type_registration>Type Registration</a> - Registration patterns</li> |
| <li class=""><a class="" href=/docs/1.1.0/guide/python/native_serialization>Native Serialization</a> - Python-only object serialization</li> |
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