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| <h1>Storm Compatibility in Apache Flink: How to run existing Storm topologies on Flink</h1> |
| <p><i></i></p> |
| |
| <article> |
| <p>11 Dec 2015 by Matthias J. Sax (<a href="https://twitter.com/MatthiasJSax">@MatthiasJSax</a>)</p> |
| |
| <p><a href="https://storm.apache.org">Apache Storm</a> was one of the first distributed and scalable stream processing systems available in the open source space offering (near) real-time tuple-by-tuple processing semantics. |
| Initially released by the developers at Backtype in 2011 under the Eclipse open-source license, it became popular very quickly. |
| Only shortly afterwards, Twitter acquired Backtype. |
| Since then, Storm has been growing in popularity, is used in production at many big companies, and is the de-facto industry standard for big data stream processing. |
| In 2013, Storm entered the Apache incubator program, followed by its graduation to top-level in 2014.</p> |
| |
| <p>Apache Flink is a stream processing engine that improves upon older technologies like Storm in several dimensions, |
| including <a href="https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-master/internals/stream_checkpointing.html">strong consistency guarantees</a> (“exactly once”), |
| a higher level <a href="https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-master/apis/streaming_guide.html">DataStream API</a>, |
| support for <a href="http://flink.apache.org/news/2015/12/04/Introducing-windows.html">event time and a rich windowing system</a>, |
| as well as <a href="https://data-artisans.com/high-throughput-low-latency-and-exactly-once-stream-processing-with-apache-flink/">superior throughput with competitive low latency</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>While Flink offers several technical benefits over Storm, an existing investment on a codebase of applications developed for Storm often makes it difficult to switch engines. |
| For these reasons, as part of the Flink 0.10 release, Flink ships with a Storm compatibility package that allows users to:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Run <strong>unmodified</strong> Storm topologies using Apache Flink benefiting from superior performance.</li> |
| <li><strong>Embed</strong> Storm code (spouts and bolts) as operators inside Flink DataStream programs.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>Only minor code changes are required in order to submit the program to Flink instead of Storm. |
| This minimizes the work for developers to run existing Storm topologies while leveraging Apache Flink’s fast and robust execution engine.</p> |
| |
| <p>We note that the Storm compatibility package is continuously improving and does not cover the full spectrum of Storm’s API. |
| However, it is powerful enough to cover many use cases.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="executing-storm-topologies-with-flink">Executing Storm topologies with Flink</h2> |
| |
| <center> |
| <img src="/img/blog/flink-storm.png" style="height:200px;margin:15px" /> |
| </center> |
| |
| <p>The easiest way to use the Storm compatibility package is by executing a whole Storm topology in Flink. |
| For this, you only need to replace the dependency <code>storm-core</code> by <code>flink-storm</code> in your Storm project and <strong>change two lines of code</strong> in your original Storm program.</p> |
| |
| <p>The following example shows a simple Storm-Word-Count-Program that can be executed in Flink. |
| First, the program is assembled the Storm way without any code change to Spouts, Bolts, or the topology itself.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-java"><span class="c1">// assemble topology, the Storm way</span> |
| <span class="n">TopologyBuilder</span> <span class="n">builder</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">TopologyBuilder</span><span class="o">();</span> |
| <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setSpout</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"source"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">StormFileSpout</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">inputFilePath</span><span class="o">));</span> |
| <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setBolt</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"tokenizer"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">StormBoltTokenizer</span><span class="o">())</span> |
| <span class="o">.</span><span class="na">shuffleGrouping</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"source"</span><span class="o">);</span> |
| <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setBolt</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"counter"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">StormBoltCounter</span><span class="o">())</span> |
| <span class="o">.</span><span class="na">fieldsGrouping</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"tokenizer"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">Fields</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"word"</span><span class="o">));</span> |
| <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setBolt</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"sink"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">StormBoltFileSink</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">outputFilePath</span><span class="o">))</span> |
| <span class="o">.</span><span class="na">shuffleGrouping</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"counter"</span><span class="o">);</span></code></pre></div> |
| |
| <p>In order to execute the topology, we need to translate it to a <code>FlinkTopology</code> and submit it to a local or remote Flink cluster, very similar to submitting the application to a Storm cluster.<sup><a href="#fn1" id="ref1">1</a></sup></p> |
| |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-java"><span class="c1">// transform Storm topology to Flink program</span> |
| <span class="c1">// replaces: StormTopology topology = builder.createTopology();</span> |
| <span class="n">FlinkTopology</span> <span class="n">topology</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FlinkTopology</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">createTopology</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">);</span> |
| |
| <span class="n">Config</span> <span class="n">conf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">Config</span><span class="o">();</span> |
| <span class="k">if</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">runLocal</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="c1">// use FlinkLocalCluster instead of LocalCluster</span> |
| <span class="n">FlinkLocalCluster</span> <span class="n">cluster</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FlinkLocalCluster</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getLocalCluster</span><span class="o">();</span> |
| <span class="n">cluster</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">submitTopology</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"WordCount"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">topology</span><span class="o">);</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="o">{</span> |
| <span class="c1">// use FlinkSubmitter instead of StormSubmitter</span> |
| <span class="n">FlinkSubmitter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">submitTopology</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"WordCount"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">topology</span><span class="o">);</span> |
| <span class="o">}</span></code></pre></div> |
| |
| <p>As a shorter Flink-style alternative that replaces the Storm-style submission code, you can also use context-based job execution:</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-java"><span class="c1">// transform Storm topology to Flink program (as above)</span> |
| <span class="n">FlinkTopology</span> <span class="n">topology</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FlinkTopology</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">createTopology</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">);</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">// executes locally by default or remotely if submitted with Flink's command-line client</span> |
| <span class="n">topology</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="o">()</span></code></pre></div> |
| |
| <p>After the code is packaged in a jar file (e.g., <code>StormWordCount.jar</code>), it can be easily submitted to Flink via</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code>bin/flink run StormWordCount.jar |
| </code></pre></div> |
| |
| <p>The used Spouts and Bolts as well as the topology assemble code is not changed at all! |
| Only the translation and submission step have to be changed to the Storm-API compatible Flink pendants. |
| This allows for minimal code changes and easy adaption to Flink.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="embedding-spouts-and-bolts-in-flink-programs">Embedding Spouts and Bolts in Flink programs</h3> |
| |
| <p>It is also possible to use Spouts and Bolts within a regular Flink DataStream program. |
| The compatibility package provides wrapper classes for Spouts and Bolts which are implemented as a Flink <code>SourceFunction</code> and <code>StreamOperator</code> respectively. |
| Those wrappers automatically translate incoming Flink POJO and <code>TupleXX</code> records into Storm’s <code>Tuple</code> type and emitted <code>Values</code> back into either POJOs or <code>TupleXX</code> types for further processing by Flink operators. |
| As Storm is type agnostic, it is required to specify the output type of embedded Spouts/Bolts manually to get a fully typed Flink streaming program.</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-java"><span class="c1">// use regular Flink streaming environment</span> |
| <span class="n">StreamExecutionEnvironment</span> <span class="n">env</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StreamExecutionEnvironment</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getExecutionEnvironment</span><span class="o">();</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">// use Spout as source</span> |
| <span class="n">DataStream</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Tuple1</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">source</span> <span class="o">=</span> |
| <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">addSource</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="c1">// Flink provided wrapper including original Spout</span> |
| <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">SpoutWrapper</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">>(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">FileSpout</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">localFilePath</span><span class="o">)),</span> |
| <span class="c1">// specify output type manually</span> |
| <span class="n">TypeExtractor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getForObject</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Tuple1</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">>(</span><span class="s">""</span><span class="o">)));</span> |
| <span class="c1">// FileSpout cannot be parallelized</span> |
| <span class="n">DataStream</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Tuple1</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">source</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setParallelism</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">);</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">// further processing with Flink</span> |
| <span class="n">DataStream</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Tuple2</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">tokens</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">flatMap</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">Tokenizer</span><span class="o">()).</span><span class="na">keyBy</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">);</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">// use Bolt for counting</span> |
| <span class="n">DataStream</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">Tuple2</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">counts</span> <span class="o">=</span> |
| <span class="n">tokens</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">transform</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Counter"</span><span class="o">,</span> |
| <span class="c1">// specify output type manually</span> |
| <span class="n">TypeExtractor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getForObject</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Tuple2</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">>(</span><span class="s">""</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">))</span> |
| <span class="c1">// Flink provided wrapper including original Bolt</span> |
| <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">BoltWrapper</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">Tuple2</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">>>(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">BoltCounter</span><span class="o">()));</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">// write result to file via Flink sink</span> |
| <span class="n">counts</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">writeAsText</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">outputPath</span><span class="o">);</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">// start Flink job</span> |
| <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"WordCount with Spout source and Bolt counter"</span><span class="o">);</span></code></pre></div> |
| |
| <p>Although some boilerplate code is needed (we plan to address this soon!), the actual embedded Spout and Bolt code can be used unmodified. |
| We also note that the resulting program is fully typed, and type errors will be found by Flink’s type extractor even if the original Spouts and Bolts are not.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="outlook">Outlook</h2> |
| |
| <p>The Storm compatibility package is currently in beta and undergoes continuous development. |
| We are currently working on providing consistency guarantees for stateful Bolts. |
| Furthermore, we want to provide a better API integration for embedded Spouts and Bolts by providing a “StormExecutionEnvironment” as a special extension of Flink’s <code>StreamExecutionEnvironment</code>. |
| We are also investigating the integration of Storm’s higher-level programming API Trident.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="summary">Summary</h2> |
| |
| <p>Flink’s compatibility package for Storm allows using unmodified Spouts and Bolts within Flink. |
| This enables you to even embed third-party Spouts and Bolts where the source code is not available. |
| While you can embed Spouts/Bolts in a Flink program and mix-and-match them with Flink operators, running whole topologies is the easiest way to get started and can be achieved with almost no code changes.</p> |
| |
| <p>If you want to try out Flink’s Storm compatibility package checkout our <a href="https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-master/apis/streaming/storm_compatibility.html">Documentation</a>.</p> |
| |
| <hr /> |
| |
| <p><sup id="fn1">1. We confess, there are three lines changed compared to a Storm project <img class="emoji" style="width:16px;height:16px;align:absmiddle" src="/img/blog/smirk.png" />—because the example covers local <em>and</em> remote execution. <a href="#ref1" title="Back to text.">↩</a></sup></p> |
| |
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| </article> |
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